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Cited by 190Gambling Behavior and TreatmentsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders

The D2/3dopamine receptor in pathological gambling: a positron emission tomography study with [11C]‐(+)‐propyl‐hexahydro‐naphtho‐oxazin and [11C]raclopride

Boileau, Isabelle, Payer, Doris, Chugani, Bindiya, Lobo, Daniela, Behzadi, Arian, Rusjan, Pablo M., Houle, Sylvain, Wilson, Alan A. +3 more·2013·Addiction
DOI 10.1111/add.12066
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Abstract

AIMS: Pathological gambling (PG) shares diagnostic features with substance use disorder (SUD), but the neurochemical mechanisms underlying PG are poorly understood. Because dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter implicated in reward and reinforcement, is probably involved, we used positron emission tomography (PET) to test whether PG is associated with abnormalities in D2 and D3 receptor levels, as observed in SUD. DESIGN: Case-control study comparing PG to healthy control (HC) subjects. SETTING: Academic research imaging centre. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen non-treatment-seeking males meeting DSM-IV criteria for PG, and 12 matched HC (11 of whom completed PET). MEASUREMENTS: Two PET scans (one with the D3 receptor preferring agonist [11C]-(+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin (PHNO) and the other with [11C]raclopride) to assess D(2/3) DA receptor availability, and behavioural measures (self-report questionnaires and slot-machine game) to assess subjective effects and relationships to PET measures. FINDINGS: Binding of both radiotracers did not differ between groups in striatum or substantia nigra (SN) (all P > 0.1). Across PG, [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in SN, where the signal is attributable primarily to D3 receptors, correlated with gambling severity (r = 0.57, P = 0.04) and impulsiveness (r = 0.65, P = 0.03). In HC, [11C]raclopride binding in dorsal striatum correlated inversely with subjective effects of gambling (r = -0.70, P = 0.03) and impulsiveness (r = -0.70, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike with substance use disorder, there appear to be no marked differences in D2 /D3 levels between healthy subjects and pathological gamblers, suggesting that low receptor availability may not be a necessary feature of addiction. However, relationships between [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding and gambling severity/impulsiveness suggests involvement of the D3 receptor in impulsive/compulsive behaviours.

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  • Decreases in D2 receptor binding are not seen in pathological gamblers compared with controls, despite a significant impulsive component.

    “However, it should be noted that decreases in D2 receptor binding are not seen in pathological gamblers compared to control subjects, which also has a significant impulsive component (Boileau et al., 2013; Clark et al., 2012; Joutsa et al., 2012; Linnet et al., 2011).”

    From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as Boileau et al., 2013

  • In two studies of pathological gamblers, low D2 binding correlated with greater impulsivity within the group.

    “Nonetheless, two of these studies (Boileau et al., 2013; Clark et al., 2012) did show that low D2 binding correlated with greater impulsivity within the group of gamblers.”

    From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as Boileau et al., 2013

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Authors
Boileau, I., Payer, D., Chugani, B., Lobo, D., Behzadi, A., Rusjan, P. M., Houle, S., Wilson, A. A., Warsh, J., Kish, S. J., & Zack, M.
Affiliations
  • Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Boileau, Isabelle
ORCID
Venue
Addiction
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-01-03
Volume
108
Issue
5
Pages
953-963
ISSN
  • 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
  • 1360-0443
DOI
10.1111/add.12066
OpenAlex
W2113300380
Cited by
190
References
95
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15
FWCI
21.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Addiction (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Keywords
gambling addiction, dopamine D2/D3 receptors, [11C]raclopride, impulsivity, gambling severity, substance use disorders, reward and reinforcement, dorsal striatum, substantia nigra
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Carbon Radioisotopes, Gambling, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxazines, Case-Control Studies, Behavior, Addictive, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Dopamine Antagonists, Raclopride, Positron-Emission Tomography, Receptors, Dopamine D3, Young Adult, Self Report

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