Macrophage phenotypes in atherosclerosis

Colin, Sophie; Chinetti‐Gbaguidi, Giulia; Staels, Bart

doi:10.1111/imr.12218

Cited by 657Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular DiseasesImmune cells in cancerCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

Macrophage phenotypes in atherosclerosis

Colin, Sophie, Chinetti‐Gbaguidi, Giulia, Staels, Bart·2014·Immunological Reviews

DOI 10.1111/imr.12218

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Abstract

Summary: Initiation and progression of atherosclerosis depend on local inflammation and accumulation of lipids in the vascular wall. Although many cells are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, macrophages are fundamental contributors. For nearly a decade, the phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages has been studied. In atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages are submitted to a large variety of micro‐environmental signals, such as oxidized lipids and cytokines, which influence the phenotypic polarization and activation of macrophages resulting in a dynamic plasticity. The macrophage phenotype spectrum is characterized, at the extremes, by the classical M1 macrophages induced by T‐helper 1 (Th‐1) cytokines and by the alternative M2 macrophages induced by Th‐2 cytokines. M2 macrophages can be further classified into M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d subtypes. More recently, additional plaque‐specific macrophage phenotypes have been identified, termed as Mox, Mhem, and M4. Understanding the mechanisms and functional consequences of the phenotypic heterogeneity of macrophages will contribute to determine their potential role in lesion development and plaque stability. Furthermore, research on macrophage plasticity could lead to novel therapeutic approaches to counteract cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The present review summarizes our current knowledge on macrophage subsets in atherosclerotic plaques and mechanism behind the modulation of the macrophage phenotype.

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Macrophages in cell culture and mice show high plasticity to adopt various phenotypes, as reflected in extended subgroup classifications.
“In both cell culture systems and experimental animals (such as mice), macrophages have a high degree of plasticity to adopt various phenotypes, exemplified by the extended classification of the macrophages into a number of subgroups153.”
From Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities (2019) · cites this paper as [153]

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Authors: Colin, S., Chinetti‐Gbaguidi, G., & Staels, B.
Affiliations: Inserm (FR)
Université Lille 2 Lille France
Corresponding author: Staels, Bart
ORCID: Staels, Bart
Venue: Immunological Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-10-15
Volume: 262
Issue: 1
Pages: 153-166
ISSN: 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
1600-065X
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12218
OpenAlex: W2085069678
Cited by: 657
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 4
FWCI: 3.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Institut Universitaire de France
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords: atherosclerosis, macrophage phenotype, macrophage plasticity, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, Th1 cytokines, Th2 cytokines, oxidized lipids, plaque stability, atherosclerotic plaque, macrophage polarization
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Movement, Humans, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Phenotype, Transcription Factors, Atherosclerosis, Plaque, Atherosclerotic

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