Inflammatory Markers and Incident Mobility Limitation in the Elderly
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: To examine the relationship between indicators of inflammation and the incidence of mobility limitation in older persons. Design: Prospective cohort study: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Setting: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee. Participants: A total of 2,979 men and women, aged 70 to 79, without mobility limitation at baseline. Measurements: Serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) and soluble cytokine receptors (IL‐2sR, IL‐6sR, TNFsR1, TNFsR2) were measured. Mobility limitation was assessed and defined as reporting difficulty or inability to walk one‐quarter of a mile or to climb 10 steps during two consecutive semiannual assessments over 30 months. Results: Of the 2,979 participants, 30.1% developed incident mobility limitation. After adjustment for confounders (demographics, prevalent conditions at baseline, body composition), the relative risk (RR) of incident mobility limitation per standard deviation (SD) increase was 1.19 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10–1.28) for IL‐6, 1.20 (95% CI=1.12–1.29) for TNFα, and 1.40 (95% CI=1.18–1.68) for CRP. The association between inflammation and incident mobility limitation was especially strong for the onset of more severe mobility limitation and when the levels of multiple inflammatory markers were high. When persons with baseline or incident cardiovascular disease events or persons who were hospitalized during study follow‐up were excluded, findings remained similar. In a subset (n=499), high levels of the soluble receptors IL2sR and TNFsR1 (per SD increase: RR=1.23 (95% CI=1.04–1.46) and RR=1.28 (95% CI=1.04–1.57), respectively) were also associated with incident mobility limitation. Conclusion: Findings suggest that inflammation is prognostic for incident mobility limitation over 30 months, independent of cardiovascular disease events and incident severe illness.
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Higher levels of circulating inflammatory mediators are associated with poor mobility in older adults.
“This finding is congruent with reports that higher levels of circulating inflammatory mediators are associated with poor mobility in older adults (Penninx et al., 2004).”
From Autophagy gene expression in skeletal muscle of older individuals is associated with physical performance, muscle volume and mitochondrial function in the study of muscle, mobility and aging ( <scp>SOMMA</scp> ) (2024) · cites this paper as Penninx et al., 2004
TNFα production increases with age and could contribute to diminished germinal center formation.
“TNFα production also increases as we age and could contribute to this observed phenotype161-163.”
From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [163]
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“This finding is congruent with reports that higher levels of circulating inflammatory mediators are associated with poor mobil - ity in older adults (Penninx et al., 2004 ).”
ResultSelf-citation
- Authors
- Penninx, B. W. J. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Nicklas, B. J., Simonsick, E. M., Rubin, S., Nevitt, M., Visser, M., Harris, T., & Pahor, M.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-06-15
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1105-1113
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W2145356246
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vu.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- Wake Forest University
- Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
- National Institute on Aging (5P60 AG10484-07, P60AG010484, N01AG62106, N01-AG-6-2102, N01-AG-62103)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- inflammation, mobility limitations, older adults, interleukin-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, soluble cytokine receptors, interleukin-2 receptor, TNF receptor 1, prognostic factors, cardiovascular disease, hospitalized older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Pennsylvania, Prospective Studies, Tennessee, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Walking, Receptors, Cytokine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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