The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cellular Internalization of Exosomes Occurs Through Phagocytosis
Abstract
Exosomes play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the exosome-cell interaction mode and the intracellular trafficking pathway of exosomes in their recipient cells remain unclear. Here, we report that exosomes derived from K562 or MT4 cells are internalized more efficiently by phagocytes than by non-phagocytic cells. Most exosomes were observed attached to the plasma membrane of non-phagocytic cells, while in phagocytic cells these exosomes were found to enter via phagocytosis. Specifically, they moved to phagosomes together with phagocytic polystyrene carboxylate-modified latex beads (biospheres) and were further sorted into phagolysosomes. Moreover, exosome internalization was dependent on the actin cytoskeleton and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and could be inhibited by the knockdown of dynamin2 or overexpression of a dominant-negative form of dynamin2. Further, antibody pretreatment assays demonstrated that tim4 but not tim1 was involved in exosomes uptake. We also found that exosomes did not enter the internalization pathway involving caveolae, macropinocytosis and clathrin-coated vesicles. Our observation that the cellular uptake of exosomes occurs through phagocytosis has important implications for exosome-cell interactions and the exosome intracellular trafficking pathway.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Valadi, H., Ekström, K., Bossios, A., Sjöstrand, M., Lee, J. J., & Lötvall, J. O. (2007) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1596 · Cited by 12,834
B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.
Raposo, G., Nijman, H. W., Stoorvogel, W., Liejendekker, R., Harding, C. V., Melief, C. J., & Geuze, H. J. (1996) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.183.3.1161 · Cited by 3,546
Johnstone, R. M., Adam, M., Hammond, J. R., Orr, L., & Turbide, C. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48095-7 · Cited by 2,931
Identification of Tim4 as a phosphatidylserine receptor
Miyanishi, M., Tada, K., Koike, M., Uchiyama, Y., Kitamura, T., & Nagata, S. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06307 · Cited by 1,180
Cited by
Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles
van Niel, G., D'Angelo, G., & Raposo, G. (2018) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.125 · Cited by 8,369
Biogenesis, Secretion, and Intercellular Interactions of Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles
Colombo, M., Raposo, G., & Théry, C. (2014) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326 · Cited by 6,186
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
Yáñez‐Mó, M., Siljander, P. R. ‐., Andreu, Z., Bedina Zavec, A., Borràs, F. E., Buzas, E. I., Buzas, K., Casal, E., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v4.27066 · Cited by 5,926
Welsh, J. A., Goberdhan, D. C. I., O'Driscoll, L., Buzas, E. I., Blenkiron, C., Bussolati, B., Cai, H., Di Vizio, D., Driedonks, T. A. P., Erdbrügger, U., et al. (2024) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12404 · Cited by 4,663
Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake
Mulcahy, L. A., Pink, R. C., & Carter, D. R. F. (2014) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.3402/jev.v3.24641 · Cited by 2,832
Regulation of immune responses by extracellular vesicles
Robbins, P. D., & Morelli, A. E. (2014) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3622 · Cited by 2,260
Mechanism of transfer of functional microRNAs between mouse dendritic cells via exosomes.
Montecalvo, A., Larregina, A. T., Shufesky, W. J., Beer Stolz, D., Sullivan, M. L. G., Karlsson, J. M., Baty, C. J., Gibson, G. A., Erdos, G., Wang, Z., et al. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-02-338004 · Cited by 1,429
Mesenchymal stem cell secretome: toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine
Vizoso, F., Eiro, N., Cid, S., Schneider, J., & Perez-Fernandez, R. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18091852 · Cited by 1,363
Advances in therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles
Wiklander, O. P. B., Brennan, M. Á., Lötvall, J., Breakefield, X. O., & EL Andaloussi, S. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8521 · Cited by 1,039
Exosomes and Ectosomes in Intercellular Communication
Meldolesi, J. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.059 · Cited by 944
Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism
Zhao, H., Yang, L., Baddour, J., Achreja, A., Bernard, V., Moss, T., Marini, J. C., Tudawe, T., Seviour, E. G., San Lucas, F. A., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.10250 · Cited by 927
Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles
Cheng, L., & Hill, A. F. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-022-00410-w · Cited by 737
Tian, T., Zhu, Y.-L., Zhou, Y.-Y., Liang, G.-F., Wang, Y.-Y., Hu, F.-H., & Xiao, Z.-D. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.588046 · Cited by 726
The Machinery of Exosomes: Biogenesis, Release, and Uptake
Krylova, S. V., & Feng, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021337 · Cited by 678
Self-citationClinical Significance of PD-L1+ Exosomes in Plasma of Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Theodoraki, M.-N., Yerneni, S. S., Hoffmann, T. K., Gooding, W. E., & Whiteside, T. L. (2018) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2664 · Cited by 624
Macrophage exosomes as natural nanocarriers for protein delivery to inflamed brain
Yuan, D., Zhao, Y., Banks, W. A., Bullock, K. M., Haney, M., Batrakova, E., & Kabanov, A. V. (2017) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.011 · Cited by 607
Exosomes and Exosome-Inspired Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery
Antimisiaris, S. G., Mourtas, S., & Marazioti, A. (2018) · doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0507.v1 · Cited by 605
ULK1 translocates to mitochondria and phosphorylates FUNDC1 to regulate mitophagy
Wu, W., Tian, W., Hu, Z., Chen, G., Huang, L., Li, W., Zhang, X., Xue, P., Zhou, C., Liu, L., et al. (2014) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1002/embr.201438501 · Cited by 574
Self-citationLai, C. P., Kim, E. Y., Badr, C. E., Weissleder, R., Mempel, T. R., Tannous, B. A., & Breakefield, X. O. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8029 · Cited by 574
Mesenchymal stem cell exosome: a novel stem cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease
Lai, R. C., Chen, T. S., & Lim, S. K. (2011) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/rme.11.35 · Cited by 553
Exosome‐Guided Phenotypic Switch of M1 to M2 Macrophages for Cutaneous Wound Healing
Kim, H., Wang, S. Y., Kwak, G., Yang, Y., Kwon, I. C., & Kim, S. H. (2019) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201900513 · Cited by 542
Extracellular vesicles: novel promising delivery systems for therapy of brain diseases.
Rufino-Ramos, D., Albuquerque, P. R., Carmona, V., Perfeito, R., Nobre, R. J., & Pereira de Almeida, L. (2017) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.001 · Cited by 418
Ridder, K., Keller, S., Dams, M., Rupp, A.-K., Schlaudraff, J., Del Turco, D., Starmann, J., Macas, J., Karpova, D., Devraj, K., et al. (2014) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001874 · Cited by 412
Exercise and mitochondrial health
Memme, J. M., Erlich, A. T., Phukan, G., & Hood, D. A. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp278853 · Cited by 343
Lipid-based carriers of microRNAs and intercellular communication
Vickers, K. C., & Remaley, A. T. (2012) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e328350a425 · Cited by 314
Internalization of Exosomes through Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Gonda, A., Kabagwira, J., Senthil, G. N., & Wall, N. R. (2019) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0891 · Cited by 296
The function and clinical application of extracellular vesicles in innate immune regulation
Zhou, X., Xie, F., Wang, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Fang, M., & Zhou, F. (2020) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-0391-1 · Cited by 294
Xu, M., Feng, T., Liu, B., Qiu, F., Xu, Y., Zhao, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2021) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.62330 · Cited by 229
Li, M.-Y., Liu, L.-Z., & Dong, M. (2021) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-021-01312-y · Cited by 215
Kim, Y.-J., Yoo, S. M., Park, H. H., Lim, H. J., Kim, Y.-L., Lee, S., Seo, K.-W., & Kang, K.-S. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.056 · Cited by 212
Nishida-Aoki, N., Tominaga, N., Takeshita, F., Sonoda, H., Yoshioka, Y., & Ochiya, T. (2017) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.009 · Cited by 208
Chen, J., & Chopp, M. (2018) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.018292 · Cited by 152
Li, W., Zhang, X., Zhuang, H., Chen, H.-G., Chen, Y., Tian, W., Wu, W., Li, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, L., et al. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.537050 · Cited by 145
Self-citationMicroglia-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s Disease: A double-edged sword
Trotta, T., Antonietta Panaro, M., Cianciulli, A., Mori, G., Di Benedetto, A., & Porro, C. (2018) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.020 · Cited by 126
Targeted Oral Delivery of Paclitaxel Using Colostrum-Derived Exosomes
Kandimalla, R., Aqil, F., Alhakeem, S., Jeyabalan, J., Tyagi, N., Agrawal, A., Yan, J., Spencer, W., Bondada, S., & Gupta, R. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13153700 · Cited by 99
Exosomes as Emerging Pro-Tumorigenic Mediators of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype
Jakhar, R., & Crasta, K. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20102547 · Cited by 98
Extracellular vesicles in cancer nanomedicine
Tarasov, V. V., Svistunov, A. A., Chubarev, V. N., Dostdar, S. A., Sokolov, A. V., Brzecka, A., Sukocheva, O., Neganova, M. E., Klochkov, S. G., Somasundaram, S. G., et al. (2021) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.017 · Cited by 97
Engineering strategies for customizing extracellular vesicle uptake in a therapeutic context
Esmaeili, A., Alini, M., Baghaban Eslaminejad, M., & Hosseini, S. (2022) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02806-2 · Cited by 94
Fernandes, A., Ribeiro, A. R., Monteiro, M., Garcia, G., Vaz, A. R., & Brites, D. (2018) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.015 · Cited by 93
A novel population of extracellular vesicles smaller than exosomes promotes cell proliferation
Lee, S.-S., Won, J.-H., Lim, G. J., Han, J., Lee, J. Y., Cho, K.-O., & Bae, Y.-K. (2019) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-019-0401-z · Cited by 79
Muscle cell communication in development and repair
Demonbreun, A. R., & McNally, E. M. (2017) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2017.03.008 · Cited by 64
Filannino, F. M., Panaro, M. A., Benameur, T., Pizzolorusso, I., & Porro, C. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25031629 · Cited by 60
Fuller, O. K., Whitham, M., Mathivanan, S., & Febbraio, M. A. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102182 · Cited by 60
Extracellular Vesicles in Modifying the Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Szatmári, T., Hargitai, R., Sáfrány, G., & Lumniczky, K. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20225527 · Cited by 52
Baek, A. E., Krawczynska, N., Das Gupta, A., Dvoretskiy, S. V., You, S., Park, J., Deng, Y.-H., Sorrells, J. E., Smith, B. P., Ma, L., et al. (2021) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqab095 · Cited by 43
The Dichotomous Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System
Graykowski, D. R., Wang, Y.-Z., Upadhyay, A., & Savas, J. N. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101456 · Cited by 39
Clinical implications of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases
Vinaiphat, A., & Sze, S. K. (2019) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2019.1657407 · Cited by 20
Si, Y., Li, X., Dong, S., Gao, X., Zhu, Y., Mo, L., Wang, Z., Wang, S., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.08.026 · Cited by 17
“In contrast, BMSCs primarily uptake exosomes via clathrin-dependent endocytosis or caveolin-mediated pinocytosis, with lower efficiency and reliance on specific ligand-receptor pairing mechanisms [74].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Feng, D., Zhao, W.-L., Ye, Y.-Y., Bai, X.-C., Liu, R.-Q., Chang, L.-F., Zhou, Q., & Sui, S.-F.
- Venue
- Traffic
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-01-27
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 675-687
- ISSN
- 1398-9219 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996997447
- Cited by
- 981
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
