Annual research review: the persistent and pervasive impact of being bullied in childhood and adolescence: implications for policy and practice
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BACKGROUND: We have known for some time that being bullied was associated with children's and adolescents' adjustment difficulties and well-being. In recent years, we have come to recognise that the impact of childhood bullying victimisation on the development of mental health problems is more complex. This paper aims to review the evidence for an independent contribution of childhood bullying victimisation to the development of poor outcomes throughout the life span, including mental, physical and socioeconomic outcomes, and discuss the implications for policy and practice. FINDINGS: Existing research indicates that (a) being bullied in childhood is associated with distress and symptoms of mental health problems. This large body of evidence supports actions aimed at reducing the occurrence of bullying behaviours; (b) the consequences of childhood bullying victimisation can persist up to midlife and, in addition to mental health, can impact physical and socioeconomic outcomes. These new findings indicate that interventions should also focus on supporting victims of bullying and helping them build resilience; (c) research has identified some factors that predispose children to be targeted by bullying behaviours. These studies suggest that public health interventions could aim at preventing children from becoming the target of bullying behaviours from an early age. CONCLUSIONS: It is a truism to emphasise that further work is needed to understand why and how young people's aspirations are often cut short by this all too common adverse social experience. In parallel, we must develop effective strategies to tackle this form of abuse and its consequences for the victims. Addressing bullying in childhood could not only reduce children's and adolescents' mental health symptoms but also prevent psychiatric and socioeconomic difficulties up to adulthood and reduce considerable costs for society.
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Problems with peer relationships, peer rejection, bullying, and loneliness are risk factors for affective conditions such as depression in adolescence.
“There is evidence that problems with peer relationships, peer rejection, bullying, and loneliness are risk factors for the development of affective conditions such as depression in adolescence.27, 28”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
The section on bullying victimisation and mental health reports that being bullied in childhood or adolescence is associated with later anxiety and depression, even after accounting for earlier symptoms. It does not establish peer-relationship problems, peer rejection, and loneliness as separate risk factors for adolescent depression; elsewhere, it describes rejection as associated with risk of being bullied and loneliness as an outcome associated with victimisation. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBullying victimization and parental psychological distress could be modified or prevented through interventions.
“Given that bullying victimization and parental psychological distress could be modified or prevented through interventions [17, 35]”
From Predictors of chronic loneliness during adolescence: a population-based cohort study (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
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The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health
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“However, bullying and peer victimization are not synonymous terms; bullying being a specific form of peer victimization that is repeated and involves a power imbalance in favor of the perpetrator (Arseneault, 2018).”
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- Authors
- Arseneault, L.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arseneault, Louise
- ORCID
- Arseneault, Louise
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-11-14
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 405-421
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC6542665
- OpenAlex
- W2769000159
- Cited by
- 501
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 13 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (G9806489, 61002190)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Keywords
- bullying, mental health outcomes, physical health outcomes, socioeconomic outcomes, long-term effects, resilience, bullying prevention, public health interventions, policy and practice, adolescents, life course
- MeSH terms
- Physical Abuse, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Cyberbullying, Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child Welfare, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Stress, Psychological, Resilience, Psychological, Bullying
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