The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 10 of the 122 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Open accessAbstract
A review describing both motor and non-motor clinical features of Parkinson's disease in the context of disease progression.
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Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
10 of 122 cited sources checked · 8 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Depression and anxiety may also occur long before the diagnosis is made (Chen et al. 2013).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Chen et al. 2013 source
The Introduction says that accumulating evidence suggests depression and anxiety may occur well before the motor dysfunction used to diagnose Parkinson’s disease. Its table also lists studies assessing both symptoms years before PD diagnosis. This supports the citing sentence’s qualified wording, “may.” (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“These may start as early as 10 or more years before the diagnosis (Schrag et al. 2015)”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Schrag et al. 2015 source
The Results (p. 5) report that constipation, a non-motor symptom, was more common in people later diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease at 10 years before diagnosis. The Discussion (p. 6) also reports an association between erectile dysfunction and a Parkinson’s diagnosis more than 10 years later, supporting the claim’s qualified wording. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although obstructive sleep apnoea, where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, is well known in PD (Monderer and Thorpy 2008), not all studies have shown increased prevalence among patients (Zeng et al. 2013).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Zeng et al. 2013 source
The Discussion says many studies found similar rates of obstructive sleep apnea in Parkinson’s disease patients and controls. The Conclusion also reports that this meta-analysis found a lower risk in patients, supporting the narrower claim that not all studies found an increased prevalence. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Erectile dysfunction is common in males (Sakakibara et al. 2011).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Sakakibara et al. 2011 source
Section 4.3.1, “Male Sexual Symptoms,” reports that 79% of the men with Parkinson’s disease in a cited study had decreased erection, significantly more than healthy male controls. This supports the statement that erectile dysfunction is common in men with Parkinson’s disease. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“One study showed that visual component was lacking in 10% of cases (Papapetropoulos and Heather Katzen 2008).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Papapetropoulos and Heather Katzen 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that seven of 70 Parkinson’s disease patients had hallucinations lacking a visual component, giving an overall prevalence of 10%. But the Results (Characteristics of hallucinators) state that those seven were 22.5% of the 31 patients who had hallucinations. Thus 10% applies to all patients studied, not to cases of hallucinations. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Progression of the dementia shows a correlation with spread of the neuropathological changes to cortical brain structures (Irwin et al. 2012).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Irwin et al. 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes a proposed spread of Lewy body and neurite pathology from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex. The Results and Discussion (pages unavailable) associate greater cortical pathology with dementia in Parkinson’s disease, but do not establish that progression of dementia itself correlates with the spread over time. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
In the paper
“This may rarely be a prediagnostic symptom in PD (Tolosa and Compta 2006)”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tolosa and Compta 2006 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In young onset familial PD, dystonia typically involves the foot with cramp-like discomfort or inversion of the affected foot (Tolosa and Compta 2006).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tolosa and Compta 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In the majority of cases, the PD symptoms appear within 10 years from onset of the dystonia.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tolosa and Compta 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In PD, the blood pressure drop may last several minutes (Jost 2003).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jost 2003 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 15
- It may state two separate claims as one. 32
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The prevalence increases with advancing age both for men and women with no decreases at higher ages (De Rijk et al. 1997).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites De Rijk et al. 1997 source
The AGE section explicitly states that Parkinson's disease prevalence increased with age in all five surveys for both men and women, with no decrease at higher ages. The claim matches that finding. (LLM, conf=0.95)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Around 80% have limb tremor, most commonly a resting pill-rolling type of tremor of the hands.”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Jankovic 2008 source
The Tremor section (page not supplied) reports that 75% of patients had tremor during the course of Parkinson’s disease, consistent with “around 80%.” It describes the tremor as almost always prominent in an extremity and hand rest tremor as pill-rolling. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Occasionally, the tremor involves the legs and other tremor types may occur (Reichmann 2010).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Reichmann 2010 source
The Tremor section (page not provided) says tremor can spread to a lower limb or begin there. It also says that although resting tremor is typical of Parkinson’s disease, action tremor occurs in many patients. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Sleep studies have shown that patients have more shallow sleep and tendency to frequent awakenings in the night (Yong et al. 2011).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Yong et al. 2011 source
The Discussion reports increased stage 1 sleep in Parkinson’s disease patients compared with controls, supporting the description of lighter sleep. The Results (Subjective sleep related complaints) report significantly more difficulty staying asleep and frequent awakenings among patients. These awakenings were self-reported; the study did not find an increased PSG arousal index. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
In the paper
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites De Lau and Breteler 2006 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide with incidence and prevalence on the rise along with changing population demographics (Pringsheim et al. 2014).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pringsheim et al. 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The prevalence of PD in industrialised countries is generally estimated at 0.3% of the entire population and about 1% in people over 60 years of age (De Lau and Breteler 2006).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites De Lau and Breteler 2006 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Autonomic dysfunction may present prior to the diagnosis or become apparent with disease progression or be induced by medication (Koike and Takahashi 1997).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Koike and Takahashi 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“All areas of autonomic function may be affected and this has been reported to affect daily life of over 50% of patients (Jost 2003).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jost 2003 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In Europe, the prevalence at ages 85-89 has been reported as 3.5% (Clarke and Moore 2007).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clarke and Moore 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“swallowing problems have been reported in 40-80% (Kalf et al. 2011)”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kalf et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“These deformities include abnormally flexed body posture with flexion originating in the thoracic or lumbar spine (camptocormia), forward flexion of the head and neck (antecollis) and scoliosis of the spine, i.e., a lateral curve of the spine usually combined with rotation of the vertebrae (Doherty et al. 2011).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Doherty et al. 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In reports by Poewe and colleagues, the most frequent site for off dystonia is the foot, whereas in peak dose dystonia neck and face are more commonly involved (Poewe and Lees 1987;Poewe et al. 1988).”
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In medically treated PD, dystonia, along with dyskinesias, constitutes one of the main motor complications related to chronic therapy, usually occurring as an off-period phenomenon, but can present as peak dose dystonia or diphasic dystonia (Tolosa and Compta 2006).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Tolosa and Compta 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“but slow-transit constipation is by far the most common, occurring in 70-80% (Jost and Eckardt 2003;Jost 2010).”
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Salivary secretion appears to be reduced in PD despite frequent problem with dribbling of saliva in advanced disease (Cersosimo et al. 2009).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cersosimo et al. 2009 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They last from seconds to minutes, and may recur over the day (Holroyd et al. 2001).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Holroyd et al. 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Minor visual phenomena such as sense of presence and visual illusions affect 17-72% of patients and delusions about 5% (Fenelon and Alves 2010).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fenelon and Alves 2010 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The earliest symptoms include problems with executive function, i.e., planning and organizing goal-directed behaviour, but visuospatial dysfunction, impaired speech fluency and memory impairment are also observed (Williams-Gray et al. 2006).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Williams-Gray et al. 2006 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cognitive deterioration and dementia is common in PD and may occur early or late (Williams-Gray et al. 2006, 2007).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Williams-Gray et al. 2006, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Seborrhoeic keratosis is a dermatological facial and scalp disorder that has been reported in 18.6% of patients (Fischer et al. 2001).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fischer et al. 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Frequent nocturia is reported by 60% of patients and is caused by detrusor overactivity (Yeo et al. 2012).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Yeo et al. 2012 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The frequency in clinically manifested PD has been reported as 27-32% (Monderer and Thorpy 2009), but symptoms may appear years or decades before the motor symptoms appear (Hickey et al. 2007).”
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Excessive daytime sleepiness has been estimated to occur in up to 50% (Monderer and Thorpy 2009) and may be partly induced by the dopaminergic drugs (Knie et al. 2011).”
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Visual hallucinations and illusions are common in PD and reportedly occur in a third to 40% of patients (Onofrj et al. 2007).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Onofrj et al. 2007 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“They appear to be related to the dopaminergic treatment load and possibly more to dopamine receptor agonist drugs than others (O'Sullivan et al. 2009;Ceravolo et al. 2010).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites O'Sullivan et al. 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ceravolo et al. 2010 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“If psychosis occurs it is usually late in the disease process in patients on high doses of drugs or may be associated with old age, cognitive impairment and history of depression (Thanvi et al. 2005).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thanvi et al. 2005 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Higher load of dopaminergic treatment may be related to the hallucinations, but disease severity, cognitive impairment, depression, older age and worse visual acuity may also be important (Holroyd et al. 2001;Fenelon and Alves 2010).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Holroyd et al. 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fenelon and Alves 2010 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This may be associated with dyskinesias or low blood concentrations of the dopaminergic drugs but does not appear to correlate with duration of the disease (Hirayama 2006).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hirayama 2006 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A meta-analysis reported that one third of patients have clinically significant depression, while a major depressive disorder was reported in 17% (Reijnders et al. 2008).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Reijnders et al. 2008 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mild cognitive impairment has been reported to be twice as common in PD as in people not affected by the disease (Aarsland et al. 2009).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aarsland et al. 2009 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide with incidence and prevalence on the rise along with changing population demographics (Pringsheim et al. 2014).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pringsheim et al. 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The disease has distinctive neuropathological brain changes.There is formation of abnormal proteinaceous spherical bodies called Lewy bodies (Fig. 1), and a spindleor thread-like and, in part, branching Lewy neurites in the somata of the involved nerve cells, beginning at defined induction sites and advancing in a topographically predictable sequence within the nervous system (Braak et al. 2004).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Braak et al. 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Relative risk of death compared with matched control populations has been reported 1.6-3.0(Clarke and Moore 2007).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Clarke and Moore 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Early in the course of the disease, symptoms are usually unilateral and mild and the response to treatment is fair or excellent with no variability in motor function over the day.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poewe 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Gait and balance disturbances and speech and swallowing difficulties may appear that are poorly responding to treatment.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poewe 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Musculoskeletal pain is reported by almost half of the patients, but such pain is common in this age group and may not always be related to the PD.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Broen et al. 2012 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Patients with PD have greater and earlier need for nursing home placements (Parashos et al. 2002), higher rates of emergency hospital admissions, longer admissions and higher in-hospital mortality than comparable general population (Low et al. 2015).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Low et al. 2015 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, as I review, PD is a much more complex disease than just the motor manifestations.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“With progression of the disease, treatment becomes heavier and drug response less reliable and the anti-parkinsonian drugs induce potentially disabling dyskinesias.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poewe 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It remains a debilitating disorder for which no effective disease modification therapies have yet been identified.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It remains a debilitating disorder for which no effective disease modification therapies have yet been identified.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Although symptoms progress and motor symptoms appear in the contralateral side, drug response is usually reliable and patients are functioning well.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poewe 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Early in the course of the disease, symptoms are usually unilateral and mild and the response to treatment is fair or excellent with no variability in motor function over the day.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Poewe 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Parkinson's disease is usually diagnosed by the first motor symptoms.
“The disease is usually diagnosed by the first motor symptoms.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Postural deformities are a frequent complication of Parkinson's disease.
“Postural deformities are a frequent complication of Parkinson's disease.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pathophysiology of postural deformities in Parkinson's disease may be multifactorial and probably includes rigidity, axial dystonia, myopathy and centrally impaired proprioception.
“The pathophysiology of these deformities may be multifactorial and probably includes rigidity, axial dystonia, myopathy and centrally impaired proprioception.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In one study of 109 recently diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients not yet started treatment, symptoms such as apathy, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep problems and constipation may occur in up to 60-70% prior to diagnosis and were more common than in normal controls.
“One study of 109 recently diagnosed patients who had not yet started treatment showed that symptoms such as a lack of emotional involvement and interest (apathy), excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep problems and constipation may occur in up to 60-70% of patients prior to the diagnosis and these symptoms were more common than in normal controls.”
The paper relies on this without support.
With advancing disease, non-motor symptoms generally become more troublesome for patients than motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
“With advancing disease, the non-motor symptoms generally become more troublesome for the patients than the motor symptoms.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Orthostatic hypotension affects 30-40% of Parkinson's disease patients.
“Orthostatic hypotension affects 30-40% of patients.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Anxiety and depression in Parkinson's disease may disappear with dopaminergic treatment, but may be persistent or recur in the long clinical course of the disease.
“Anxiety and depression may disappear with dopaminergic treatment, but may be persistent or recur in the long clinical course of the disease.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The aetiology of Parkinson's disease is probably multifactorial and there is no available treatment that will halt or stop progression of the disease.
“The aetiology of PD is probably multifactorial and there is no available treatment that will halt or stop progression of the disease.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Levodopa is standard and the most common initial therapy for Parkinson's disease patients.
“Levodopa, a prodrug to dopamine, is standard and the most common initial therapy for patients.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Early on, response to levodopa is usually good in Parkinson's disease.
“Early on, response is usually good.”
The paper relies on this without support.
With disease progression, the majority of Parkinson's disease patients experience shorter duration of response to individual doses (wearing-off), on-off symptoms, dyskinesias and other motor complications.
“With disease progression and less capacity of the system to store dopamine, the majority of patients experience shorter duration of response to individual doses (wearing-off symptoms), alternative phases with good and poor response to medication (on-off symptoms), involuntary movements of the head, trunk or limbs (dyskinesias) and other motor complications.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Parkinson's disease is a progressive multi-system neurodegenerative disease affecting people mainly in later years of life.
“Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive multi-system neurodegenerative disease affecting people mainly in later years of life.”
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“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in elderly caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), a region of the midbrain (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016; Alizadeh et al., 2019).”
From Mechanism of miR-132-3p Promoting Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
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“Some studies were excluded when (1) the variables of interest were not informed; (2) when subjects presented essential tremor, (3) postural alterations, such as camptocormia and Pisa syndrome; (4) de novo PD; (5) parkinsonism; (6) freezing and (7) differences speeds to both lower limbs; and (8) duplicate data.”
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“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of Lewy bodies (with a-synuclein inclusions) in the substantia nigra (Sveinbjornsdottir 2016).”
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“The finding was confirmed by another study using the same cell line which showed that chymotrypsin-like, trypsinlike and caspase-like activities of the proteasome were all decreased (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
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The Endosomal Recycling Pathway—At the Crossroads of the Cell
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“These symptoms arise primarily due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain [31].”
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“The third is a spectral data representation based fast Fourier transform similar to that used in Camps et al. [65].”
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“Parkinson’s disease is a long-term disorder that develops slowly; movement impairments in the early stage of the disease precede dementia in the advanced stage [142].”
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“The clinical symptoms of PD include tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural abnormalities and a freezing phenomenon [173].”
BackgroundBayesian Optimization with Support Vector Machine Model for Parkinson Disease Classification
Elshewey, A. M., Shams, M. Y., El-Rashidy, N. M., Elhady, A. M., Shohieb, S. M., & Tarek, Z. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23042085 · Cited by 125
“PD has mainly characterized by four symptoms, including postural instability, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor [8].”
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Pietrzak, D., Kasperek, K., Rękawek, P., & Piątkowska‐Chmiel, I. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091952 · Cited by 136
Meta‐analysis: Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with Parkinson's diseases
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Potential Modes of Intercellular α-Synuclein Transmission
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“As the disease progresses, patients often develop depression, anxiety and dementia in advanced stages [15,16].”
BackgroundSleep and circadian rhythms in Parkinson’s disease and preclinical models
Hunt, J., Coulson, E. J., Rajnarayanan, R. V., Oster, H., Videnović, A., & Rawashdeh, O. (2022) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-021-00504-w · Cited by 118
“PD has a clinical presentation of progressively worsening bradykinesia, typically accompanied by either gait disturbance, resting tremor or rigidity [125, 127, 128], however it is commonly accepted that PD-related neurodegeneration can begin several decades before motor symptom onset [129, 130].”
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“Resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability are the primary motor symptoms of PD (Sveinbjornsdottir 2016).”
BackgroundFan, W., Liang, C., Ou, M., Zou, T., Sun, F., Zhou, H., & Cui, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00090 · Cited by 116
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which results in decreased levels of striatal dopamine, resting tremors, muscle stiffness, bradykinesia, unstable posture, and other symptoms (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016).”
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“Initial symptoms of the disease include slowness of movement, shaking, rigidity, difficulty with walking, and behavioral problems [35].”
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“Clinically, PD is associated with various motor symptoms, including bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, and a broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms involving hyposmia, sleep disorders, depression, constipation, early satiety, and excessive sweating [1,2].”
BackgroundPathogenesis of DJ-1/PARK7-Mediated Parkinson’s Disease
Skou, L. D., Johansen, S. K., Okarmus, J., & Meyer, M. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13040296 · Cited by 120
“Non-motor symptoms may occur years before diagnosis but can be difficult to assign to PD because of their generality [2,3].”
BackgroundProteomic Profiling of Exosomal Proteins for Blood-based Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease
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“Patients with PD show multiple motor symptoms like resting tremors, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia, gait abnormality, and impairments in posture [106].”
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“Its symptoms include bradykinesia, resting tremor, gait difficulty, cognitive impairment, and olfactory dysfunction [137,138].”
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“The symptoms include resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait difficulty, postural instability, and behavioral problems [26]; nonmotor symptoms include depression, anxiety, emotional changes, cognitive impairment, sleep difficulty, and olfactory dysfunction [27].”
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“It is characterized by its motor (bradykinesia, associated with rest tremor and rigidity) and non-motor problems [1, 15, 16].”
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Therapeutic implication of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases
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“more than one third of people with PD (62).”
Massey, A., Boag, M. K., Magnier, A., Bispo, D. P. C. F., Khoo, T. K., & Pountney, D. L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232112928 · Cited by 103
“Significant non-motor symptoms include depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal problems, pain, fatigue, urinary problems and poor memory [9].”
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Zhu, Y., & Hart, G. W. (2020) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2020.100885 · Cited by 92
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“The clinical features of PD include motor and nonmotor symptoms [2].”
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“Parkinson's disease (PD), as a neurodegenerative disease with high‐disability, is characterized by motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, slow movement, postural instability, walking difficulty, and gait freezing) and nonmotor symptoms (autonomic dysfunction, urinary disorders, sleep disorders, and neuropsychiatric symptom…”
BackgroundNeuroprotective Properties of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
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“It is estimated that 80% of dopaminergic neuron loss occurs before any symptoms present [8].”
BackgroundDong, J., Hawes, S., Wu, J., Le, W., & Cai, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.645287 · Cited by 93
“PD is clinically characterized by a range of motor and nonmotor symptoms (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016).”
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“The most common symptoms are stiffness of the trunk and the extremities (increased muscle tone), slowness of movement (bradykinesia), rigidity, tremor (resting tremor and re-emerging postural tremor), postural instability, and gait impairment [8,9].”
BackgroundThe Role of Diet and Dietary Patterns in Parkinson’s Disease
Knight, E., Geetha, T., Burnett, D. O., & Babu, J. R. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214472 · Cited by 105
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“PD is predominantly associated with motor symptoms such as tremor or postural instability, but it also presents with several non-motor symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, psychiatric conditions and sensory symptoms [50].”
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Vocal Feature Extraction-Based Artificial Intelligent Model for Parkinson’s Disease Detection
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“Most people experience a normal life expectancy of another 7 to 14 years after diagnosing PD [5].”
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“Parkinson’s disease is characterized by a reduction in dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (Sveinbjornsdottir 2016).”
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Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence
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“Heads Up” for Creatine Supplementation and its Potential Applications for Brain Health and Function
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“In addition to motor impairments, such as resting tremors, slowness, rigidity, and impaired balance and gait [78], individuals with PD often experience apathy, mood swings, depression, and anxiety [79].”
BackgroundGenome-Scale Metabolic Modeling of the Human Microbiome in the Era of Personalized Medicine
Heinken, A., Basile, A., Hertel, J., Thinnes, C. C., & Thiele, I. (2021) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-060221-012134 · Cited by 76
Empathy and theory of mind in Parkinson’s disease: A meta-analysis
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“Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease, levodopa, diet, nutritional therapy, vitamin B Introduction Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, primarily characterized by dopamine deficiencies and subsequent movement disabilities, including bradykinesia, balance problems, tremor, and rigidity (1).”
BackgroundKahana, M., Weizman, A., Gabay, M., Loboda, Y., Segal‐Gavish, H., Gavish, A., Barhum, Y., Offen, D., Finberg, J. P. M., Allon, N., et al. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0742-4 · Cited by 74
“The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are related to loss of dopamine (DA)-ergic neurons in the substantia nigra [1].”
BackgroundBeier, E. E., Neal, M. P., Alam, G., Edler, M. K., Wu, L., & Richardson, J. R. (2017) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.009 · Cited by 78
“However, non-motor symptoms including gastrointestinal dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction and cognitive deficits are increasingly being accepted as part of the clinical manifestation of PD (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016).”
BackgroundKuo, Y., Wang, I.-H., & Rajesh, R. (2020) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.015 · Cited by 74
Kawahata, I., & Fukunaga, K. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21113779 · Cited by 71
“The clinical features of PD are resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbances, postural instability [1], and dementia, which becomes common in the advanced stage of the disease [18].”
BackgroundNilashi, M., Ahmadi, H., Sheikhtaheri, A., Naemi, R., Alotaibi, R., Alarood, A. A., Munshi, A. M., Rashid, T. A., & Zhao, J. (2020) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113562 · Cited by 76
Xiong, Y., & Lu, Y. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968177 · Cited by 74
“Anxiety and depression become more common among the people underwent the condition [3].”
BackgroundVassileff, N., Cheng, L., & Hill, A. F. (2020) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.243139 · Cited by 73
“PD is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease and results from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to the infamous clinical features of the disease – tremor at rest, muscular rigidity, akinesia and postural and gait instability (Kalia and Lang, 2015; Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016).”
BackgroundFang, X., Zhou, X., Miao, Y., Han, Y., Wei, J., & Chen, T. (2020) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-020-01014-6 · Cited by 70
“The clinical manifestations for PD patients include quiescent tremor, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, postural balance disorder, and non-motor symptoms caused by autonomic dysfunction (Sveinbjornsdottir 2016).”
Maurice, T. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2021.1838483 · Cited by 71
“Low doses of agonist potentiate Ca influx and cellular response [5].”
BackgroundAssessments of plasma ghrelin levels in the early stages of Parkinson's disease
Song, N., Wang, W., Jia, F., Du, X., Xie, A., He, Q., Shen, X., Zhang, J., Rogers, J. T., Xie, J., et al. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27095 · Cited by 67
“Recently, the importance of nonmotor symptoms, which occur far earlier before motor symptoms, is highlighted in the “premotor” phase of PD as well as the progression of disease.(1-3) It has been postulated that a-synuclein aggregations progress from the enteric nervous system (ENS) and olfactory bulb to the CNS throug…”
BackgroundMethodYousif, N. R., Balaha, H. M., Haikal, A. Y., & El-Gendy, E. M. (2022) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-022-04342-6 · Cited by 69
“The main concern with PD is that symptoms appear clearly after the loss of about 80% of the dopaminergic cells (Sveinbjornsdottir 2016).”
BackgroundPetramfar, P., Hajari, F., Yousefi, G., Azadi, S., & Hamedi, A. (2019) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112226 · Cited by 68
Real, C. C., Garcia, P. C., & Britto, L. R. G. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-017-0955-4 · Cited by 66
Nam, M., Park, M., Park, H., Kim, Y., Yoon, S.-K., Sawant, V. S., Choi, J. W., Park, J., Park, K. D., Min, S., et al. (2017) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00050 · Cited by 67
The Role of Neural Network for the Detection of Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review
Alzubaidi, M. S., Shah, U., Zubaydi, H. D., Dolaat, K. M. M., Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Ahmed, A., & Househ, M. S. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9060740 · Cited by 77
“Motor symptoms include movement disorders, shaking, walking issues [5], stiffness, and postural instability [6], while nonmotor symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder [7], depression, and anxiety [8].”
BackgroundValidation of differentially expressed brain‐enriched microRNAs in the plasma of PD patients
Ravanidis, S., Bougea, A., Papagiannakis, N., Koros, C., Simitsi, A. M., Pachi, I., Breza, M., Stefanis, L., & Doxakis, E. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51146 · Cited by 63
“In addition, patients with PD display a variety of non-motor symptoms including autonomic disturbances, impaired cognition, depression, and sleep disorders.(1) The neuropathological hallmark of PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of fibrillary aggregates known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in th…”
BackgroundCruz, B. G. S., Husch, A., & Hertel, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1216163 · Cited by 75
“It is characterized by visible motor symptoms such as slowness of movement, muscle rigidity, and tremors at rest (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016).”
BackgroundPark, S. W., Kim, T. E., & Jung, Y. K. (2021) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2021.338513 · Cited by 63
Respiratory disorders of Parkinson’s disease
Aquino, Y. C., Cabral, L. M., Miranda, N. C., Naccarato, M. C., Falquetto, B., Moreira, T. S., & Takakura, A. C. T. (2021) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00363.2021 · Cited by 69
Sigma-1 (σ1) Receptor in Memory and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Maurice, T., & Goguadze, N. (2017) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2017_15 · Cited by 65
LRRK2 Targeting Strategies as Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Wojewska, D., & Kortholt, A. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11081101 · Cited by 64
“PD diagnosis and treatment are further complicated by the various forms of disease due to different underlying causes, which in turn render some of the available treatments ineffective [3,6].”
BackgroundLi, Z., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Cai, M., Liu, X., & Lu, K. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104085 · Cited by 62
Smit, J. W., Basile, P., Prato, M. K., et al. (2022) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29170 · Cited by 62
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presents with a spectrum of nonmotor and motor symptoms.(1,2) Genetic studies point to a causal role of α-synuclein (ASYN) in PD, as mutations and duplications of the gene coding for ASYN (SNCA) have been linked to rare, inherited forms of PD.”
BackgroundBotros, A., Schütz, N., Camenzind, M., Urwyler, P., Bolliger, D., Vanbellingen, T., Kistler, R., Bohlhalter, S., Müri, R. M., Mosimann, U. P., et al. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19235169 · Cited by 62
Wu, Y., Lü, Z., Li, Y., Yang, J., & Zhang, X. (2020) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano10081441 · Cited by 63
“For PD, α-syn abnormal aggregation causing impaired motor function with slow movements and tremor [70], studies mainly concentrate on dopamine [71].”
BackgroundCarbazole Alkaloids with Potential Neuroprotective Activities from the Fruits of Clausena lansium
Liu, Y.-P., Guo, J., Liu, Y.-Y., Hu, S., Yan, G., Qiang, L., & Fu, Y.-H. (2019) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00961 · Cited by 61
Bi, X.-A., Hu, X., Xie, Y., & Wu, H. (2020) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2020.101830 · Cited by 58
“In addition, some patients are accompanied by sleep disorders, autonomic nervous dysfunction and cognitive impairment ( Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016; Videnovic, 2017 ).”
Kelly, R. L., Joers, V. L., Tansey, M. G., McKernan, D. P., & Dowd, E. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25030453 · Cited by 58
Ketogenic Diet: A Review of Composition Diversity, Mechanism of Action and Clinical Application
Malinowska, D., & Żendzian‐Piotrowska, M. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2024/6666171 · Cited by 75
Li, B., Bi, Z., Liu, J., Si, W., Shi, Q., Xue, L., & Bai, J. (2017) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12727 · Cited by 58
Yang, H.-Y., Wang, L., Zang, C.-X., Wang, Y., Shang, J.-M., Zhang, Z., Liu, H., Bao, X.-Q., Wang, X., & Zhang, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00045 · Cited by 56
“Frontiers in Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 1 February 2020 | Volume 14 | Article 45 (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016).”
Ghasemi, M., Roshandel, E., Mohammadian, M., Farhadihosseinabadi, B., Akbarzadehlaleh, P., & Shamsasenjan, K. (2023) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03264-0 · Cited by 64
“The progressive degeneration of DA neurons develops several symptoms of motor dysfunction, including postural instability, bradykinesia, and rigidity [129].”
BackgroundZhang, Z., Li, G., Xu, Y. J., & Tang, X. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11081402 · Cited by 70
NEAT1 regulates MPP+-induced neuronal injury by targeting miR-124 in neuroblastoma cells
Xie, S.-P., Zhou, F., Li, J., & Duan, S.-J. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134340 · Cited by 59
Ortega‐Arellano, H. F., Jiménez-Del-Río, M., & Velez‐Pardo, C. (2019) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-019-02835-z · Cited by 59
Metadata
- Authors
- Sveinbjornsdottir, S.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology Broomfield Hospital Chelmsford Essex CM1 7ET UK
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-07-11
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 318-324
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W2464977649
- Cited by
- 1,410
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 108 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 201 · 2023: 202 · 2022: 167 · 2021: 182 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 10.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms, disease progression, neurodegeneration, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, sleep disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, tremor, Parkinson's disease treatment, treatment complications
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Humans, Parkinson Disease, Sleep Wake Disorders, Tremor, Disease Progression, Gait Disorders, Neurologic
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