Weight-loss interventions and gut microbiota changes in overweight and obese patients: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Imbalances in the gut microbiota, the bacteria that inhabit the intestines, are central to the pathogenesis of obesity. This systematic review assesses the association between the gut microbiota and weight loss in overweight/obese adults and its potential manipulation as a target for treating obesity. This review identified 43 studies using the keywords 'overweight' or 'obesity' and 'microbiota' and related terms; among these studies, 17 used dietary interventions, 11 used bariatric surgery and 15 used microbiota manipulation. The studies differed in their methodologies as well as their intervention lengths. Restrictive diets decreased the microbiota abundance, correlated with nutrient deficiency rather than weight loss and generally reduced the butyrate producers Firmicutes, Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. The impact of surgical intervention depended on the given technique and showed a similar effect on butyrate producers, in addition to increasing the presence of the Proteobacteria phylum, which is related to changes in the intestinal absorptive surface, pH and digestion time. Probiotics differed in strain and duration with diverse effects on the microbiota, and they tended to reduce body fat. Prebiotics had a bifidogenic effect and increased butyrate producers, likely due to cross-feeding interactions, contributing to the gut barrier and improving metabolic outcomes. All of the interventions under consideration had impacts on the gut microbiota, although they did not always correlate with weight loss. These results show that restrictive diets and bariatric surgery reduce microbial abundance and promote changes in microbial composition that could have long-term detrimental effects on the colon. In contrast, prebiotics might restore a healthy microbiome and reduce body fat.
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Dietary intervention studies have shown that changes in body weight affect the gut microbiota.
“dietary intervention studies have shown that changes in body weight affect the gut microbiota.85”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Seganfredo, F. B., Blume, C. A., Moehlecke, M., Giongo, A., Casagrande, D. S., Spolidoro, J. V. N., Padoin, A. V., Schaan, B. D., & Mottin, C. C.
- Affiliations
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Seganfredo, F. B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-05-19
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 832-851
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W2616541392
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PUCRS Repository (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, weight loss, obesity, overweight, dietary intervention, restrictive diets, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, butyrate-producing bacteria, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Proteobacteria, cross-feeding, intestinal barrier, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Intestines, Obesity, Weight Loss, Bariatric Surgery, Overweight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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