The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology

Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women

Ravel, J., Gajer, P., Abdo, Z., Schneider, G. M., Koenig, S. S. K., McCulle, S. L., Karlebach, S., Gorle, R., Russell, J., Tacket, C. O., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1002611107 · Cited by 4,254

Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation

Nugent, R. P., Krohn, M. A., & Hillier, S. L. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991 · Cited by 3,331

Human nutrition, the gut microbiome and the immune system

Kau, A. L., Ahern, P. P., Griffin, N. W., Goodman, A. L., & Gordon, J. I. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10213 · Cited by 2,588

Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery

Goldenberg, R. L., Hauth, J. C., & Andrews, W. W. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005183422007 · Cited by 2,548

Nonspecific vaginitis

Amsel, R., Totten, P. A., Spiegel, C. A., Chen, K. C. S., Eschenbach, D., & Holmes, K. K. (1983) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)91112-9 · Cited by 2,349

The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain

Maddon, P. J., Dalgleish, A. G., McDougal, J. S., Clapham, P. R., Weiss, R. A., & Axel, R. (1986) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90590-8 · Cited by 2,002

The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health

Conlon, M., & Bird, A. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7010017 · Cited by 1,567

Temporal Dynamics of the Human Vaginal Microbiota

Gajer, P., Brotman, R. M., Bai, G., Sakamoto, J., Schütte, U. M. E., Zhong, X., Koenig, S. S. K., Fu, L., Ma, Z. (., Zhou, X., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003605 · Cited by 1,558

Association between Bacterial Vaginosis and Preterm Delivery of a Low-Birth-Weight Infant

Hillier, S. L., Nugent, R. P., Eschenbach, D. A., Krohn, M. A., Gibbs, R. S., Martin, D. H., Cotch, M. F., Edelman, R., Pastorek, J. G., Rao, A. V., et al. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199512283332604 · Cited by 1,492

Molecular Identification of Bacteria Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis

Fredricks, D. N., Fiedler, T. L., & Marrazzo, J. M. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043802 · Cited by 1,303

Temporal and spatial variation of the human microbiota during pregnancy

DiGiulio, D. B., Callahan, B. J., McMurdie, P. J., Costello, E. K., Lyell, D. J., Robaczewska, A., Sun, C. L., Goltsman, D. S. A., Wong, R. J., Shaw, G., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1502875112 · Cited by 1,129

Vaginal Lactobacilli, Microbial Flora, and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Sexually Transmitted Disease Acquisition

Martin, H. L., Richardson, B. A., Nyange, P. M., Lavreys, L., Hillier, S. L., Chohan, B., Mandaliya, K., Ndinya‐Achola, J. O., Bwayo, J., & Kreiss, J. (1999) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315127 · Cited by 891

Cervicovaginal Bacteria Are a Major Modulator of Host Inflammatory Responses in the Female Genital Tract

Anahtar, M. N., Byrne, E. H., Doherty, K. E., Bowman, B. A., Yamamoto, H. S., Soumillon, M., Padavattan, N., Ismail, N., Moodley, A., Sabatini, M. E., et al. (2015) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.019 · Cited by 795

Vaginal Microbiome: Rethinking Health and Disease

Ma, B., Forney, L. J., & Ravel, J. (2012) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-092611-150157 · Cited by 729

Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: association with increased acquisition of HIV

Taha, T. E., Hoover, D. R., Dallabetta, G. A., Kumwenda, N. I., Mtimavalye, L. A. R., Yang, L.-P., Liomba, G. N., Broadhead, R. L., Chiphangwi, J. D., & Miotti, P. G. (1998) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199813000-00019 · Cited by 634

The role of mannose-binding lectin in health and disease

Turner, M. W. (2003) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(03)00155-x · Cited by 634

Differences in the composition of vaginal microbial communities found in healthy Caucasian and black women

Zhou, X., Brown, C. J., Abdo, Z., Davis, C. C., Hansmann, M. A., Joyce, P., Foster, J. A., & Forney, L. J. (2007) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2007.12 · Cited by 574

Mannose-Binding Lectin Binds to a Range of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms and Promotes Complement Deposition

Neth, O., Jack, D. L., Dodds, A. W., Holzel, H., Klein, N. J., & Turner, M. W. (2000) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.68.2.688-693.2000 · Cited by 561

Vaginal pH and Microbicidal Lactic Acid When Lactobacilli Dominate the Microbiota

O’Hanlon, D. E., Moench, T. R., & Cone, R. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080074 · Cited by 547

Independent Associations of Bacterial Vaginosis and Chlamydia trachomatis Infection With Adverse Pregnancy Outcome

Gravett, M. G. (1986) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380140069024 · Cited by 544

Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis

Donders, G. (2002) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/s1470-0328(02)00432-9 · Cited by 534

Lactobacillus species as biomarkers and agents that can promote various aspects of vaginal health

Petrova, M. I., Lievens, E., Malik, S., Imholz, N., & Lebeer, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00081 · Cited by 523

Innate and adaptive immunity in female genital tract: cellular responses and interactions

Wira, C. R., Fahey, J. V., Sentman, C. L., Pioli, P. A., & Shen, L. (2005) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00287.x · Cited by 520

Characterization of vaginal microbial communities in adult healthy women using cultivation-independent methods

Zhou, X., Bent, S. J., Schneider, M. G., Davis, C. C., Islam, M. R., & Forney, L. J. (2004) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.26905-0 · Cited by 518

Origins of vaginal acidity: high d/l lactate ratio is consistent with bacteria being the primary source

Boskey, E. R., Cone, R. A., Whaley, K. J., & Moench, T. R. (2001) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/16.9.1809 · Cited by 499

Temporal Variability of Human Vaginal Bacteria and Relationship with Bacterial Vaginosis

Srinivasan, S., Liu, C., Mitchell, C. M., Fiedler, T. L., Thomas, K. K., Agnew, K. J., Marrazzo, J. M., & Fredricks, D. N. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010197 · Cited by 465

Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy

Donders, G., Van Calsteren, K., Bellen, G., Reybrouck, R., Van den Bosch, T., Riphagen, I., & Van Lierde, S. (2009) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02237.x · Cited by 420

Association between Acquisition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Women and Bacterial Vaginosis

Cherpes, T. L., Meyn, L. A., Krohn, M. A., Lurie, J. G., & Hillier, S. L. (2003) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/375819 · Cited by 415

The preterm prediction study: significance of vaginal infections

Meis, P. J., Goldenberg, R. L., Mercer, B., Moawad, A., Das, A., McNellis, D., Johnson, F., Iams, J. D., Thom, E., & Andrews, W. W. (1995) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)91360-2 · Cited by 410

The vaginal microbiota of pregnant women who subsequently have spontaneous preterm labor and delivery and those with a normal delivery at term

Romero, R., Hassan, S. S., Gajer, P., Tarca, A. L., Fadrosh, D. W., Bieda, J., Chaemsaithong, P., Miranda, J., Chaiworapongsa, T., & Ravel, J. (2014) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/2049-2618-2-18 · Cited by 409

Association between the vaginal microbiota, menopause status, and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy

Brotman, R. M., Shardell, M. D., Gajer, P., Fadrosh, D., Chang, K., Silver, M. I., Viscidi, R. P., Burke, A. E., Ravel, J., & Gravitt, P. E. (2014) · Menopause · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3182a4690b · Cited by 391

Influence of Vaginal Bacteria and d- and l-Lactic Acid Isomers on Vaginal Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer: Implications for Protection against Upper Genital Tract Infections

Witkin, S. S., Mendes-Soares, H., Linhares, I. M., Jayaram, A., Ledger, W. J., & Forney, L. J. (2013) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00460-13 · Cited by 384

In vaginal fluid, bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis can be suppressed with lactic acid but not hydrogen peroxide

O'Hanlon, D. E., Moench, T. R., & Cone, R. A. (2011) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-200 · Cited by 375

Daily temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota before, during and after episodes of bacterial vaginosis

Ravel, J., Brotman, R. M., Gajer, P., Ma, B., Nandy, M., Fadrosh, D. W., Sakamoto, J., Koenig, S. S., Fu, L., Zhou, X., et al. (2013) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/2049-2618-1-29 · Cited by 353

An experimental model for intraamniotic infection and preterm labor in rhesus monkeys

Gravett, M. G., Witkin, S. S., Haluska, G. J., Edwards, J. L., Cook, M. J., & Novy, M. J. (1994) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(94)90418-9 · Cited by 336

Lifetime changes in the vulva and vagina

Farage, M., & Maibach, H. (2006) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-005-0079-x · Cited by 325

Antiviral Mechanisms of Human Defensins

Wilson, S. S., Wiens, M. E., & Smith, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2013.09.038 · Cited by 315

Bacteria in the Vaginal Microbiome Alter the Innate Immune Response and Barrier Properties of the Human Vaginal Epithelia in a Species-Specific Manner

Doerflinger, S. Y., Throop, A. L., & Herbst-Kralovetz, M. M. (2014) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu004 · Cited by 315

Comparative meta-RNA-seq of the vaginal microbiota and differential expression by Lactobacillus iners in health and dysbiosis

Macklaim, J. M., Fernandes, A. D., Di Bella, J. M., Hammond, J.-A., Reid, G., & Gloor, G. B. (2013) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/2049-2618-1-12 · Cited by 289

Functional and Phylogenetic Characterization of Vaginolysin, the Human-Specific Cytolysin from Gardnerella vaginalis

Gelber, S. E., Aguilar, J. L., Lewis, K. L. T., & Ratner, A. J. (2008) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01965-07 · Cited by 260

Risks associated with bacterial vaginosis in infertility patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

van Oostrum, N., De Sutter, P., Meys, J., & Verstraelen, H. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det096 · Cited by 255

Bacterial vaginosis and HIV seroprevalence among female commercial sex workers in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Cohen, C. R., Duerr, A., Pruithithada, N., Rugpao, S., Garcia, P., Nelson, K., & Hillier, S. (1995) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199509000-00017 · Cited by 251

Antimicrobial components of vaginal fluid

Valore, E. V., Park, C. H., Igreti, S. L., & Ganz, T. (2002) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2002.125280 · Cited by 249

The Microbiota of the Vagina and Its Influence on Women’s Health and Disease

Martin, D. H. (2012) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e31823ea228 · Cited by 242

Definition and classification of abnormal vaginal flora

Donders, G. G. G. (2007) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2007.01.002 · Cited by 235

Contemporary perspectives on vaginal pH and lactobacilli

Linhares, I. M., Summers, P. R., Larsen, B., Giraldo, P. C., & Witkin, S. S. (2011) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.07.010 · Cited by 231

Correlation of Behaviors with Microbiological Changes in Vaginal Flora

Schwebke, J. R., Richey, C. M., & Weiss, H. L. (1999) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315065 · Cited by 227

Bacterial flora of the female genital tract: function and immune regulation

Witkin, S. S., Linhares, I. M., & Giraldo, P. (2007) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.12.004 · Cited by 221

At the crossroads of vaginal health and disease, the genome sequence of Lactobacillus iners AB-1

Macklaim, J. M., Gloor, G. B., Anukam, K. C., Cribby, S., & Reid, G. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1000086107 · Cited by 218

Human α-amylase Present in Lower-Genital-Tract Mucosal Fluid Processes Glycogen to Support Vaginal Colonization by Lactobacillus

Spear, G. T., French, A. L., Gilbert, D., Zariffard, M. R., Mirmonsef, P., Sullivan, T. H., Spear, W. W., Landay, A., Micci, S., Lee, B.-H., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu231 · Cited by 216

Antimicrobial peptides in the female reproductive tract: a critical component of the mucosal immune barrier with physiological and clinical implications

Yarbrough, V. L., Winkle, S., & Herbst-Kralovetz, M. M. (2015) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu065 · Cited by 209

Bacterial Vaginosis and the Cervicovaginal Immune Response

Mitchell, C., & Marrazzo, J. (2014) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12264 · Cited by 201

Microbiology of the Vagina in Children: Normal and Potentially Pathogenic Organisms

Hammerschlag, M. R., Alpert, S., Rosner, I., Thurston, P., Semine, D., McComb, D., & McCormack, W. M. (1978) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.62.1.57 · Cited by 200

Enhanced trapping of hiv-1 by human cervicovaginal mucus is associated with lactobacillus crispatus-dominant microbiota

Nunn, K. L., Wang, Y.-Y., Harit, D., Humphrys, M. S., Ma, B., Cone, R., Ravel, J., & Lai, S. K. (2015) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01084-15 · Cited by 194

Activity of α- and θ-Defensins against Primary Isolates of HIV-1

Wang, W., Owen, S. M., Rudolph, D. L., Cole, A. M., Hong, T., Waring, A. J., Lal, R. B., & Lehrer, R. I. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.515 · Cited by 194

Retrocyclin, an Antiretroviral θ-Defensin, Is a Lectin

Wang, W., Cole, A. M., Hong, T., Waring, A. J., & Lehrer, R. I. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.9.4708 · Cited by 194

Vaginal concentrations of lactic acid potently inactivate HIV

Aldunate, M., Tyssen, D., Johnson, A., Zakir, T., Sonza, S., Moench, T., Cone, R., & Tachedjian, G. (2013) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkt156 · Cited by 184

Association between Bacterial Vaginosis and Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in the Female Genital Tract

Cu‐Uvin, S., Hogan, J. W., Caliendo, A. M., Harwell, J., Mayer, K. H., Carpenter, C. C. J., & Study, H. E. R. (2001) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/322613 · Cited by 182

Lactobacilli Inactivate Chlamydia trachomatis through Lactic Acid but Not H2O2

Gong, Z., Luna, Y., Yu, P., & Fan, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107758 · Cited by 180

Degradation, Foraging, and Depletion of Mucus Sialoglycans by the Vagina-adapted Actinobacterium Gardnerella vaginalis

Lewis, W. G., Robinson, L. S., Gilbert, N. M., Perry, J. C., & Lewis, A. L. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.453654 · Cited by 178

Interrelationships of interleukin-8 with interleukin-1beta and neutrophils in vaginal fluid of healthy and bacterial vaginosis positive women

Cauci, S. (2003) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gag003 · Cited by 172

A longitudinal study of the vaginal flora over a menstrual cycle

Keane, F. E. A., Ison, C. A., & Taylor-Robinson, D. (1997) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1258/0956462971920631 · Cited by 169

Vaginal Microflora in Postmenopausal Women Who Have Not Received Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Hillier, S. L., & Lau, R. J. (1997) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/516221 · Cited by 167

Sexually transmitted diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy

Goldenberg, R. L., Andrews, W. W., Yuan, A. C., MacKay, H. T., & Louis, M. E. S. (1997) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30182-9 · Cited by 166

Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Induce Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Production Alone and in Combination with Toll‐Like Receptor Ligands

Mirmonsef, P., Zariffard, M. R., Gilbert, D., Makinde, H., Landay, A. L., & Spear, G. T. (2012) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01089.x · Cited by 166

Rapid fluctuation of the vaginal microbiota measured by Gram stain analysis

Brotman, R. M., Ravel, J., Cone, R. A., & Zenilman, J. M. (2010) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.2009.040592 · Cited by 166

The vaginal microbiome, vaginal anti‐microbial defence mechanisms and the clinical challenge of reducing infection‐related preterm birth

Witkin, S. (2015) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13115 · Cited by 163

The vaginal epithelium in the postmenopause — cytology, histology and pH as methods of assessment

Nilsson, K., Risberg, B., & Heimer, G. (1995) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/0378-5122(94)00863-3 · Cited by 159

Innate immunity and disorders of the female reproductive tract

Horne, A. W., Stock, S. J., & King, A. E. (2008) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-07-0564 · Cited by 154

Commensal Bacteria Modulate Innate Immune Responses of Vaginal Epithelial Cell Multilayer Cultures

Rose, W., McGowin, C. L., Spagnuolo, R. A., Eaves-Pyles, T. D., Popov, V. L., & Pyles, R. B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032728 · Cited by 144

Prenatal microbiological risk factors associated with preterm birth

McDonald, H. M., O'Loughlin, J. A., Jolley, P. T., Vigneswaran, R., & McDonald, P. J. (1992) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb14497.x · Cited by 143

Diversity and dynamics of bacteriocins from human microbiome

Zheng, J., Gänzle, M. G., Lin, X. B., Ruan, L., & Sun, M. (2014) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12662 · Cited by 142

Bacteriocin production and gene sequencing analysis from vaginal Lactobacillus strains

Stoyancheva, G., Marzotto, M., Dellaglio, F., & Torriani, S. (2014) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-014-1003-1 · Cited by 142

Reversible Deficiency of Antimicrobial Polypeptides in Bacterial Vaginosis

Valore, E. V., Wiley, D. J., & Ganz, T. (2006) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00524-06 · Cited by 142

The θ-Defensin, Retrocyclin, Inhibits HIV-1 Entry

Münk, C., Wei, G., Yang, O. O., Waring, A. J., Wang, W., Hong, T., Lehrer, R. I., Landau, N. R., & Cole, A. M. (2003) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/088922203322493049 · Cited by 138

Interaction between Microbes and Host Intestinal Health: Modulation by Dietary Nutrients and Gut-Brain-Endocrine-Immune Axis

Chen, J., Li, Y., Tian, Y., Huang, C., Li, D., Zhong, Q., & Ma, X. (2015) · Current Protein and Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/1389203716666150630135720 · Cited by 135

Early Pregnancy Changes in Bacterial Vaginosis‐Associated Bacteria and Preterm Delivery

Nelson, D. B., Hanlon, A. L., Nachamkin, I., Haggerty, C. L., Mastrogiannis, D. S., Liu, C., & Fredricks, D. N. (2014) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12106 · Cited by 125

Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2 by vaginal lactobacilli.

Conti, C., Malacrino, C., & Mastromarino, P. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 115

Microbiome, sex hormones, and immune responses in the reproductive tract: Challenges for vaccine development against sexually transmitted infections

Brotman, R. M., Ravel, J., Bavoil, P. M., Gravitt, P. E., & Ghanem, K. G. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.010 · Cited by 114

Atopobium vaginae triggers an innate immune response in an in vitro model of bacterial vaginosis

Libby, E. K., Pascal, K. E., Mordechai, E., Adelson, M. E., & Trama, J. P. (2008) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2008.01.004 · Cited by 114

Relationship between a toll-like receptor-4 gene polymorphism, bacterial vaginosis-related flora and vaginal cytokine responses in pregnant women

Genç, M., Vardhana, S. A., Delaney, M. L., Onderdonk, A. B., TUOMALA, R. E., Norwitz, E. R., & Witkin, S. S. (2004) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.02.010 · Cited by 113

IgG in cervicovaginal mucus traps HSV and prevents vaginal Herpes infections

Wang, Y.-Y., Kannan, A., Nunn, K. L., Murphy, M. A., Subramani, D. B., Moench, T. R., Cone, R. A., & Lai, S. K. (2014) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2013.120 · Cited by 112

Dectin-1 isoforms contribute to distinct Th1/Th17 cell activation in mucosal candidiasis

Carvalho, A., Giovannini, G., LUCA, A. D., D'Angelo, C., Casagrande, A., Iannitti, R. G., Ricci, G., Cunha, C., & Romani, L. R. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/cmi.2012.1 · Cited by 112

α-defensins block the early steps of HIV-1 infection: interference with the binding of gp120 to CD4

Furci, L., Sironi, F. M., Tolazzi, M., Vassena, L., & Lusso, P. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-05-024489 · Cited by 110

Pathogenesis of fallopian tube damage caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infections

Hafner, L. M. (2015) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2015.01.004 · Cited by 103

Defensins in Viral Infections

Ding, J., Chou, Y.-Y., & Chang, T. L.-Y. (2009) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000226256 · Cited by 103

Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene Polymorphism, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, and Bacterial Vaginosis

Giraldo, P. C., Babula, O., Gonçalves, A. K., Linhares, I. M., do Amaral, R. L. G., Ledger, W. J., & Witkin, S. S. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000260386.17555.a5 · Cited by 103

Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection

Nguyen, P. V., Kafka, J. K., Ferreira, V. H., Roth, K., & Kaushic, C. (2014) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/cmi.2014.41 · Cited by 101

Infectious correlates of HIV-1 shedding in the female upper and lower genital tracts

Coleman, J. S., Hitti, J. E., Bukusi, E. A., Mwachari, C., Muliro, A., Nguti, R., Gausman, R., Jensen, S., Patton, D. L., Lockhart, D., et al. (2007) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e328012b838 · Cited by 101

Human neutrophil α‐defensin 4 inhibits HIV‐1 infection in vitro

Wu, Z., Cocchi, F., Gentles, D., Ericksen, B., Lubkowski, J. T., DeVico, A. L., Lehrer, R. I., & Lu, W. (2004) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.11.062 · Cited by 98

The effect of vaginal douching cessation on bacterial vaginosis: a pilot study

Brotman, R. M., Ghanem, K. G., Klebanoff, M. A., Taha, T. E., Scharfstein, D. O., & Zenilman, J. M. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.043 · Cited by 95

The Biology of the Vagina in the Human Subject.*

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Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Pathogens Using a Comprehensive Cervical-Vaginal Epithelial Coculture Assay

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Hydrolysis of Secreted Sialoglycoprotein Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in ex Vivo and Biochemical Models of Bacterial Vaginosis

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Evidence of a gene-environment interaction that predisposes to spontaneous preterm birth: a role for asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and DNA variants in genes that control the inflammatory response

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Influence of the tryptophan-indole-IFNγ axis on human genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: role of vaginal co-infections

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Anaerobic microflora of the vagina in children

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The Biology of the Vagina in the Human Subject

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α-Amylase in Vaginal Fluid: Association With Conditions Favorable to Dominance of Lactobacillus

Nasioudis, D., Beghini, J., Bongiovanni, A. M., Giraldo, P. C., Linhares, I. M., & Witkin, S. S. (2015) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719115581000 · Cited by 83

Vaginal immunity in bacterial vaginosis

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Epithelial Cell Proliferation Arrest Induced by Lactate and Acetate from Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve

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Estrogen effects on the vaginal pH, flora and cytology in late postmenopause after a long period without hormone therapy.

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Modulation of vaginal immune response among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis by Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and yeast

Cauci, S., & Culhane, J. F. (2007) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.033 · Cited by 79

Pilot Studies of Estrogen-Related Physical Findings in Infants

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Diagnostic and therapeutic advancements for aerobic vaginitis

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New concepts in the etiology of bacterial vaginosis

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Polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene, local midtrimester cytokine response to vaginal flora, and subsequent preterm birth

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Differential expression of lactic acid isomers, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 in vaginal fluid from women with vaginal disorders

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Surfactant Protein A Binds to HIV and Inhibits Direct Infection of CD4+ Cells, but Enhances Dendritic Cell-Mediated Viral Transfer1

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Lactic acid stimulates interleukin-23 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide

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Inhibition of chemotaxis by organic acids from anaerobes may prevent a purulent response in bacterial vaginosis

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Cultivated Vaginal Microbiomes Alter HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Efficacy in Colonized Epithelial Multilayer Cultures

Pyles, R. B., Vincent, K. L., Baum, M. M., Elsom, B. L., Miller, A. L., Maxwell, C. A., Eaves-Pyles, T. D., Li, G., Popov, V. L., Nusbaum, R. J., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093419 · Cited by 55

Interplay of cytokine polymorphisms and bacterial vaginosis in the etiology of preterm delivery

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Expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and elafin in human fallopian tube and in an in-vitro model of Chlamydia trachomatis infection

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Analysis of Vaginal Acetic Acid in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis

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Evidence that vaginal lactobacilli do not ferment glycogen

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Influence of Lactic Acid on Endogenous and Viral RNA-Induced Immune Mediator Production by Vaginal Epithelial Cells

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Behaviors Associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chiamydia trachomatis: Cervical Infection Among Young Womena Attending Adolescent Clinics

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Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate and Lactic Acid Combinations Reduce Herpes Simplex Virus Infectivity

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Surfactant Protein D Inhibits HIV-1 Infection of Target Cells via Interference with gp120-CD4 Interaction and Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production

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Human Epididymis Protein 4 and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor in Vaginal Fluid: Relation to Vaginal Components and Bacterial Composition

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The role of human Dectin-1 Y238X gene polymorphism in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis infections

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Toll-like receptor gene variants associated with bacterial vaginosis among HIV-1 infected adolescents

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TNFA-308G>A polymorphism influences the TNF-α response to altered vaginal flora

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Toll-like receptor gene variants and bacterial vaginosis among HIV-1 infected and uninfected African women

Mackelprang, R. D., Scoville, C. W., Cohen, C. R., Ondondo, R. O., Bigham, A. W., Celum, C., Campbell, M. S., Essex, M., Wald, A., Kiarie, J. N., et al. (2015) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/gene.2015.13 · Cited by 25

Prevalence of vulvovaginitis and bacterial vaginosis in patients with koilocytosis

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Interaction between interleukin-1 receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4, and cervical cytokines

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The influence of bacterial vaginosis on gestational week of the completion of delivery and biochemical markers of inflammation in the serum

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Lactic Acid, a Vaginal Microbiota Metabolite, Elicits an Anti-inflammatory Response from Vaginal and Cervical Epithelial Cells

Hearps, A. C., Gugasyan, R., Srbinovski, D., Tyssen, D. P., Aldunate, M., Anderson, D. J., Cone, R. A., & Tachedjian, G. (2014) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2014.5527.abstract · Cited by 9

Vaginal Concentrations of Lactic Acid Potently Inactivate HIV-1 Compared to Short Chain Fatty Acids Present During Bacterial Vaginosis

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The Vaginal Microenvironment: The Physiologic Role of Lactobacilli

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Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health

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VALENCIA: a nearest centroid classification method for vaginal microbial communities based on composition

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Towards a deeper understanding of the vaginal microbiota

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Emu: species-level microbial community profiling of full-length 16S rRNA Oxford Nanopore sequencing data

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