The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of DNA Methylation in Mammalian Epigenetics
Abstract
Genes constitute only a small proportion of the total mammalian genome, and the precise control of their expression in the presence of an overwhelming background of noncoding DNA presents a substantial problem for their regulation. Noncoding DNA, containing introns, repetitive elements, and potentially active transposable elements, requires effective mechanisms for its long-term silencing. Mammals appear to have taken advantage of the possibilities afforded by cytosine methylation to provide a heritable mechanism for altering DNA-protein interactions to assist in such silencing. Genes can be transcribed from methylation-free promoters even though adjacent transcribed and nontranscribed regions are extensively methylated. Gene promoters can be used and regulated while keeping noncoding DNA, including transposable elements, suppressed. Methylation is also used for long-term epigenetic silencing of X-linked and imprinted genes and can either increase or decrease the level of transcription, depending on whether the methylation inactivates a positive or negative regulatory element.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2
Amir, R. E., Van den Veyver, I. B., Wan, M., Tran, C. Q., Francke, U., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/13810 · Cited by 4,990
Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality
Li, E., Bestor, T. H., & Jaenisch, R. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90611-f · Cited by 3,984
Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mammalian Development
Reik, W., Dean, W., & Walter, J. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063443 · Cited by 3,078
Deficiency of methyl-CpG binding protein-2 in CNS neurons results in a Rett-like phenotype in mice
Chen, R. Z., Akbarian, S., Tudor, M., & Jaenisch, R. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/85906 · Cited by 1,275
Methylation of the oestrogen receptor CpG island links ageing and neoplasia in human colon
Issa, J.-P. J., Ottaviano, Y. L., Celano, P., Hamilton, S. R., Davidson, N. E., & Baylin, S. B. (1994) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0894-536 · Cited by 1,191
CpG islands as gene markers in the human genome
Larsen, F., Gundersen, G., Lopez, R., & Prydz, H. (1992) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90024-m · Cited by 922
An upstream repressor element plays a role in Igf2 imprinting
Eden, S., Constancia, M., Hashimshony, T., Dean, W., Goldstein, B., Johnson, A. C., Keshet, I., Reik, W., & Cedar, H. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.13.3518 · Cited by 95
Cited by
DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory
Bird, A. (2002) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.947102 · Cited by 7,124
Jaenisch, R., & Bird, A. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1089 · Cited by 6,325
Transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states: acquisition of malignant and stem cell traits
Polyak, K., & Weinberg, R. A. (2009) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2620 · Cited by 3,302
DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing
Horvath, S., & Raj, K. (2018) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-018-0004-3 · Cited by 3,095
Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mammalian Development
Reik, W., Dean, W., & Walter, J. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063443 · Cited by 3,078
Saxonov, S., Berg, P., & Brutlag, D. L. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510310103 · Cited by 1,401
Influence of Maternal Obesity on the Long-Term Health of Offspring
Godfrey, K. M., Reynolds, R. M., Prescott, S. L., Nyirenda, M., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Eriksson, J. G., & Broekman, B. F. P. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30107-3 · Cited by 1,059
A simple method for estimating global DNA methylation using bisulfite PCR of repetitive DNA elements
Yang, A. S. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gnh032 · Cited by 1,033
Human Telomerase and Its Regulation
Cong, Y.-S., Wright, W. E., & Shay, J. W. (2002) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.66.3.407-425.2002 · Cited by 898
Transcription factors as readers and effectors of DNA methylation
Zhu, H., Wang, G., & Qian, J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.83 · Cited by 649
Maunakea, A. K., Chepelev, I., Cui, K., & Zhao, K. (2013) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2013.110 · Cited by 552
Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy
Li, Q., Geng, S., Luo, H., Wang, W., Mo, Y.-Q., Luo, Q., Wang, L., Song, G.-B., Sheng, J.-P., & Xu, B. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01953-7 · Cited by 546
Epigenetic Transgenerational Actions of Endocrine Disruptors
Anway, M. D., & Skinner, M. K. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1058 · Cited by 455
Stressful early life experiences and immune dysregulation across the lifespan
Fagundes, C. P., Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.014 · Cited by 371
Lee, W. J., & Zhu, B. T. (2006) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi206 · Cited by 372
A twin approach to unraveling epigenetics
Bell, J. T., & Spector, T. D. (2011) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2010.12.005 · Cited by 353
Perez, J. M., O'Loughin, T., Simeone, F. J., Weissleder, R., & Josephson, L. (2002) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja017773n · Cited by 355
EpiFactors: a comprehensive database of human epigenetic factors and complexes
Medvedeva, Y. A., Lennartsson, A., Ehsani, R., Kulakovskiy, I. V., Vorontsov, I. E., Panahandeh, P., Khimulya, G., Kasukawa, T., The FANTOM Consortium, & Drabløs, F. (2015) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/bav067 · Cited by 298
Genetics and epigenetics of eating disorders
Bulik, C., Yilmaz, Z., & HArdaway, A. (2015) · Advances in Genomics and Genetics · doi:10.2147/agg.s55776 · Cited by 278
Reconfiguration of DNA methylation in aging
Zampieri, M., Ciccarone, F., Calabrese, R., Franceschi, C., Bürkle, A., & Caiafa, P. (2015) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2015.02.002 · Cited by 254
DNA N6-methyladenine: a new epigenetic mark in eukaryotes?
Luo, G.-Z., Blanco, M. A., Greer, E. L., He, C., & Shi, Y. (2015) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm4076 · Cited by 252
Ouko, L. A., Shantikumar, K., Knezovich, J., Haycock, P., Schnugh, D. J., & Ramsay, M. (2009) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00993.x · Cited by 238
Mediterranean Diet as a Tool to Combat Inflammation and Chronic Diseases. An Overview
Tsigalou, C., Konstantinidis, T., Paraschaki, A., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines8070201 · Cited by 208
Modification of hematopoietic stem cell fate by 5aza 2′deoxycytidine and trichostatin A.
Milhem, M., Mahmud, N., Lavelle, D., Araki, H., DeSimone, J., Saunthararajah, Y., & Hoffman, R. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-07-2431 · Cited by 195
DNA Methylation: a form of epigenetic control of gene expression
Lim, D. H. K., & Maher, E. R. (2010) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1576/toag.12.1.037.27556 · Cited by 155
Epigenetic regulation of serotonin transporter expression and behavior in infant rhesus macaques
Kinnally, E. L., Capitanio, J. P., Leibel, R., Deng, L., LeDuc, C., Haghighi, F., & Mann, J. J. (2010) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00588.x · Cited by 155
Andrew, A. S., Karagas, M. R., & Hamilton, J. W. (2003) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.10968 · Cited by 159
Epigenomics: Genome-Wide Study of Methylation Phenomena
(2002) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.21775/cimb.004.111 · Cited by 150
Sales, A. J., Biojone, C., Terceti, M. S., Guimarães, F. S., Gomes, M. V., & Joca, S. R. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01489.x · Cited by 147
McEwen, L. M., Jones, M. J., Lin, D. T. S., Edgar, R. D., Husquin, L. T., MacIsaac, J. L., Ramadori, K. E., Morin, A. M., Rider, C. F., Carlsten, C., et al. (2018) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-018-0556-2 · Cited by 147
DNA methylation: Insights into human evolution
Hernando-Herraez, I., Garcia-Perez, R., Sharp, A. J., & Marques-Bonet, T. (2015) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005661 · Cited by 128
Naumann, A., Hochstein, N., Weber, S., Fanning, E., & Doerfler, W. (2009) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.09.018 · Cited by 107
Norrholm, S. D., Jovanovic, T., Smith, A. K., Binder, E., Klengel, T., Conneely, K., Mercer, K. B., Davis, J. S., Kerley, K., Winkler, J., et al. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00030 · Cited by 104
Essential role of MeCP2 in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation during pulmonary fibrosis
Hu, B., Gharaee-Kermani, M., Wu, Z., & Phan, S. H. (2011) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.002 · Cited by 102
Cellular hallmarks of aging emerge in the ovary prior to primordial follicle depletion
Ansere, V. A., Ali-Mondal, S., Sathiaseelan, R., Garcia, D. N., Isola, J. V. V., Henseb, J. D., Saccon, T. D., Ocañas, S. R., Tooley, K. B., Stout, M. B., et al. (2021) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2020.111425 · Cited by 101
Natsume, A., Wakabayashi, T., Tsujimura, K., Shimato, S., Ito, M., Kuzushima, K., Kondo, Y., Sekido, Y., Kawatsura, H., Narita, Y., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23407 · Cited by 93
Ma, F., Li, Q., Zhou, X., Zhao, J., Song, A., Li, W., Liu, H., Xu, W., & Huang, G. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1598-5 · Cited by 90
Bose, M., Wu, C., Pankow, J. S., Demerath, E. W., Bressler, J., Fornage, M., Grove, M. L., Mosley, T. H., Hicks, C., North, K., et al. (2014) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-312 · Cited by 86
Han, L., Zi, X., Garmire, L. X., Wu, Y., Weissman, S. M., Pan, X., & Fan, R. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep06485 · Cited by 83
Distinguishing the immunostimulatory properties of noncoding RNAs expressed in cancer cells
Tanne, A., Muniz, L. R., Puzio-Kuter, A., Leonova, K. I., Gudkov, A. V., Ting, D. T., Monasson, R., Cocco, S., Levine, A. J., Bhardwaj, N., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1517584112 · Cited by 74
Alves, L. G. A., Mendes, R. S., Lenzi, E. K., & Ribeiro, H. V. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134862 · Cited by 65
Ignácio, Z. M., Réus, G. Z., Abelaira, H. M., & Quevedo, J. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.036 · Cited by 65
Maternal caregiving and DNA methylation in human infants and children: systematic review
Provenzi, L., Brambilla, M., Scotto di Minico, G., Montirosso, R., & Borgatti, R. (2020) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12616 · Cited by 60
Epigenetic Alteration in Colorectal Cancer: Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications
Cao, Q., Tian, Y., Deng, Z., Yang, F., & Chen, E. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25063358 · Cited by 60
Ignácio, Z. M., Réus, G. Z., Abelaira, H. M., Maciel, A. L., de Moura, A. B., Matos, D., Demo, J. P., da Silva, J. B. I., Gava, F. F., Valvassori, S. S., et al. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.044 · Cited by 53
Argonaute 4 as an Effector Protein in RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Human Cells
Chalertpet, K., Pin-on, P., Aporntewan, C., Patchsung, M., Ingrungruanglert, P., Israsena, N., & Mutirangura, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00645 · Cited by 43
Knoblich, N., Gundel, F., Brückmann, C., Becker-Sadzio, J., Frischholz, C., & Nieratschker, V. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.010 · Cited by 41
Gene silencing - a new theory of aging
Burzynski, S. R. (2003) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00050-1 · Cited by 34
Xu, Q. (2010) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00016 · Cited by 32
Cruceanu, C., Matosin, N., & Binder, E. B. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.04.001 · Cited by 29
Therapeutic response to paroxetine in major depressive disorder predicted by DNA Methylation
Takeuchi, N., Nonen, S., Kato, M., Wakeno, M., Takekita, Y., Kinoshita, T., & Kugawa, F. (2017) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000480512 · Cited by 26
Integrative analysis of clinical and epigenetic biomarkers of mortality
Huan, T., Nguyen, S., Colicino, E., Ochoa‐Rosales, C., Hill, W. D., Brody, J. A., Soerensen, M., Zhang, Y., Baldassari, A., Elhadad, M. A., et al. (2022) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13608 · Cited by 25
Boschen, K. E., Keller, S. M., Roth, T. L., & Klintsova, A. Y. (2018) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2017.12.009 · Cited by 24
Epigenetic preparation of future gene induction kinetics
Xiong, J., & Zhu, B. (2025) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-012825-093148 · Cited by 12
Ignácio, Z. M., Réus, G. Z., Quevedo, J., Kalinichev, M., & Francis, D. (2017) · Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.00352-7 · Cited by 7
An industrialized diet as a determinant of methylation in the 1F region of the NR3C1 gene promoter
Vieira, T. D. S., Freitas, F. V., Silva Neto, L. C. B., Borçoi, A. R., Mendes, S. O., Olinda, A. S., Moreno, I. A. A., Quaioto, B. R., de Souza, M. L. M., Barbosa, W. M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1168715 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Jones, P. A., & Takai, D.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-08-10
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 5532
- Pages
- 1068-1070
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2078028724
- Cited by
- 2,070
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 22.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
