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CRISPR Interference Limits Horizontal Gene Transfer in Staphylococci by Targeting DNA
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria and archaea occurs through phage transduction, transformation, or conjugation, and the latter is particularly important for the spread of antibiotic resistance. Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci confer sequence-directed immunity against phages. A clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis harbors a CRISPR spacer that matches the nickase gene present in nearly all staphylococcal conjugative plasmids. Here we show that CRISPR interference prevents conjugation and plasmid transformation in S. epidermidis . Insertion of a self-splicing intron into nickase blocks interference despite the reconstitution of the target sequence in the spliced mRNA, which indicates that the interference machinery targets DNA directly. We conclude that CRISPR loci counteract multiple routes of HGT and can limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
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The original biological function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is protection of prokaryotes from mobile genetic elements, in particular viruses.
“The original biological function of CRISPR–Cas9 system is the protection of prokaryotes from mobile genetic elements, in particular viruses.”
From CRISPR–Cas9: A History of Its Discovery and Ethical Considerations of Its Use in Genome Editing (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
Marraffini and Sontheimer experimentally demonstrated for the first time that the actual target of the prokaryotic immune system was foreign DNA, not mRNA.
“However, in the publication of Marraffini and Sontheimer, it was experimentally demonstrated for the first time that the actual target of the immune system of prokaryotes was foreign DNA [11], and not mRNA”
From CRISPR–Cas9: A History of Its Discovery and Ethical Considerations of Its Use in Genome Editing (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Marraffini, L. A., & Sontheimer, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-12-19
- Volume
- 322
- Issue
- 5909
- Pages
- 1843-1845
- ISSN
- 0036-8075
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2695655
- Cited by
- 1,642
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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