Altering the Genome by Homologous Recombination

Capecchi, Mario R.·1989·Science

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Homologous recombination between DNA sequences residing in the chromosome and newly introduced, cloned DNA sequences (gene targeting) allows the transfer of any modification of the cloned gene into the genome of a living cell. This article discusses the current status of gene targeting with particular emphasis on germ line modification of the mouse genome, and describes the different methods so far employed to identify those rare embryonic stem cells in which the desired targeting event has occurred.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.2660260

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 32

CAPECCHI, M.R., HIGH-EFFICIENCY TRANSFORMATION BY DIRECT MICRO-INJECTION OF DNA INTO CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELLS, CELL 22: 479 (1980). · DOI
CAPECCHI, M.R., THE NEW MOUSE GENETICS - ALTERING THE GENOME BY GENE TARGETING, TRENDS IN GENETICS 5: 70 (1989). · DOI
DOETSCHMAN, T, ESTABLISHMENT OF HAMSTER BLASTOCYST-DERIVED EMBRYONIC STEM (ES) CELLS, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 127: 224 (1988). · DOI
DOETSCHMAN, T, TARGETED CORRECTION OF A MUTANT HPRT GENE IN MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS, NATURE 330: 576 (1987). · DOI · Paper page
DOETSCHMAN, T, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 85: 8553 (1988).
DRESSLER, G.R., DO MULTIGENE FAMILIES REGULATE VERTEBRATE DEVELOPMENT, TRENDS IN GENETICS 4: 214 (1988). · DOI
EVANS, M.J., ESTABLISHMENT IN CULTURE OF PLURIPOTENTIAL CELLS FROM MOUSE EMBRYOS, NATURE 292: 154 (1981). · DOI
FOLGER, K, ANALYSIS OF HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION IN CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELLS, COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 49: 123 (1984). · DOI
FOLGER, K.R., PATTERNS OF INTEGRATION OF DNA MICRO-INJECTED INTO CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELLS - EVIDENCE FOR HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION BETWEEN INJECTED PLASMID DNA-MOLECULES, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 2: 1372 (1982).
10.1073/pnas.83.23.9065 · DOI · Paper page
HOLLAND, PWH, EXPRESSION OF HOMEO BOX GENES DURING MOUSE DEVELOPMENT - A REVIEW, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 773 (1988). · DOI
HOOPER, M, HPRT-DEFICIENT (LESCH-NYHAN) MOUSE EMBRYOS DERIVED FROM GERMLINE COLONIZATION BY CULTURED-CELLS, NATURE 326: 292 (1987). · DOI
INGHAM, P.W., THE MOLECULAR-GENETICS OF EMBRYONIC PATTERN-FORMATION IN DROSOPHILA, NATURE 335: 25 (1988). · DOI · Paper page
JASIN, M, HOMOLOGOUS INTEGRATION IN MAMMALIAN-CELLS WITHOUT TARGET GENE SELECTION, GENES & DEVELOPMENT 2: 1353 (1988). · DOI
JOYNER, A.L., PRODUCTION OF A MUTATION IN MOUSE EN-2 GENE BY HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION IN EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS, NATURE 338: 153 (1989). · DOI
KEUHN, M.R., NATURE 326: 295 (1987). · DOI
KIM, H.S., RECOMBINANT FRAGMENT ASSAY FOR GENE TARGETTING BASED ON THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION, NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH 16: 8887 (1988). · DOI
LETSOU, A, EFFECT OF THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF MUTATION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF INTRACHROMOSOMAL GENE CONVERSION IN MOUSE CELLS, GENETICS 117: 759 (1987). · DOI
LIN, F.L., HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION IN MOUSE L-CELLS, COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 49: 139 (1984). · DOI
MANSOUR, S.L., DISRUPTION OF THE PROTO-ONCOGENE INT-2 IN MOUSE EMBRYO-DERIVED STEM-CELLS - A GENERAL STRATEGY FOR TARGETING MUTATIONS TO NON-SELECTABLE GENES, NATURE 336: 348 (1988). · DOI · Paper page
Martin, G. R., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 79: 7634 (1982).
MULLIS, K.B., SPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF DNA INVITRO VIA A POLYMERASE-CATALYZED CHAIN-REACTION, METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY 155: 335 (1987). · DOI
PASZKOWSKI, J, GENE TARGETING IN PLANTS, EMBO JOURNAL 7: 4021 (1988). · DOI
ROBERTSON, E, GERM-LINE TRANSMISSION OF GENES INTRODUCED INTO CULTURED PLURIPOTENTIAL CELLS BY RETROVIRAL VECTOR, NATURE 323: 445 (1986). · DOI
ROTH, D.B., MECHANISMS OF NONHOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION IN MAMMALIAN-CELLS, MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY 5: 2599 (1985).
SEDIVY, J.M., POSITIVE GENETIC SELECTION FOR GENE DISRUPTION IN MAMMALIAN-CELLS BY HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 86: 227 (1989).
SMITH, AJH, HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION BETWEEN DEFECTIVE NEO GENES IN MOUSE 3T6 CELLS, COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 49: 171 (1984). · DOI
SMITHIES, O, HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION WITH DNA INTRODUCED INTO MAMMALIAN-CELLS, COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 49: 161 (1984). · DOI
THOMAS, K.R., HIGH-FREQUENCY TARGETING OF GENES TO SPECIFIC SITES IN THE MAMMALIAN GENOME, CELL 44: 419 (1986). · DOI
THOMAS, K.R., SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS BY GENE TARGETING IN MOUSE EMBRYO-DERIVED STEM-CELLS, CELL 51: 503 (1987). · DOI · Paper page
THOMPSON, S, GERM LINE TRANSMISSION AND EXPRESSION OF A CORRECTED HPRT GENE PRODUCED BY GENE TARGETING IN EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS, CELL 56: 313 (1989). · DOI · Paper page
ZIMMER, A, PRODUCTION OF CHIMAERIC MICE CONTAINING EMBRYONIC STEM (ES) CELLS CARRYING A HOMEOBOX HOX-1.1 ALLELE MUTATED BY HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION, NATURE 338: 150 (1989). · DOI

Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering
Hsu, P. D., Lander, E. S., & Zhang, F. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010 · Cited by 5,762
Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality
Li, E., Bestor, T. H., & Jaenisch, R. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90611-f · Cited by 3,984
Synaptic Plasticity and Memory: An Evaluation of the Hypothesis
Martin, S. J., Grimwood, P. D., & Morris, R. G. M. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.649 · Cited by 2,794
Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death.
Kulkarni, A. B., Huh, C. G., Becker, D., Geiser, A., Lyght, M., Flanders, K. C., Roberts, A. B., Sporn, M. B., Ward, J. M., & Karlsson, S. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.2.770 · Cited by 1,967
The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory.
Tsien, J. Z., Huerta, P. T., & Tonegawa, S. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81827-9 · Cited by 1,782
The CRISPR tool kit for genome editing and beyond
Adli, M. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04252-2 · Cited by 1,545
Deficient Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in α-Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase II Mutant Mice
Silva, A. J., Stevens, C. F., Tonegawa, S., & Wang, Y. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1378648 · Cited by 1,472
Subregion- and Cell Type–Restricted Gene Knockout in Mouse Brain
Tsien, J. Z., Chen, D. F., Gerber, D., Tom, C., Mercer, E. H., Anderson, D. J., Mayford, M., Kandel, E. R., & Tonegawa, S. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81826-7 · Cited by 1,280
Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest compromised by p21 deficiency
Brugarolas, J., Chandrasekaran, C., Gordon, J. I., Beach, D., Jacks, T., & Hannon, G. J. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377552a0 · Cited by 1,242
Delivering CRISPR: a review of the challenges and approaches
Lino, C. A., Harper, J. C., Carney, J. P., & Timlin, J. A. (2018) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2018.1474964 · Cited by 1,185
CCTop: An intuitive, flexible and reliable CRISPR/Cas9 target prediction tool
Stemmer, M., Thumberger, T., del Sol Keyer, M., Wittbrodt, J., & Mateo, J. L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124633 · Cited by 1,088
Absence of blood formation in mice lacking the T-cell leukaemia oncoprotein tal-1/SCL
Shivdasani, R. A., Mayer, E. L., & Orkin, S. H. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/373432a0 · Cited by 938
Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2017: An update
Ginn, S. L., Amaya, A. K., Alexander, I. E., Edelstein, M., & Abedi, M. R. (2018) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.3015 · Cited by 903
Targeted disruption of the murine int-1 proto-oncogene resulting in severe abnormalities in midbrain and cerebellar development
Thomas, K. R., & Capecchi, M. R. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/346847a0 · Cited by 896
Self-citation
Targeted Chromosomal Cleavage and Mutagenesis in Drosophila Using Zinc-Finger Nucleases
Bibikova, M., Golic, M., Golic, K. G., & Carroll, D. (2002) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/161.3.1169 · Cited by 860
Hepatocyte growth factor/ c-met signaling pathway is required for efficient liver regeneration and repair
Huh, C.-G., Factor, V. M., Sánchez, A., Uchida, K., Conner, E. A., & Thorgeirsson, S. S. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0306068101 · Cited by 750
Generation of Isogenic Pluripotent Stem Cells Differing Exclusively at Two Early Onset Parkinson Point Mutations
Soldner, F., Laganière, J., Cheng, A. W., Hockemeyer, D., Gao, Q., Alagappan, R., Khurana, V., Golbe, L. I., Myers, R. H., Lindquist, S., et al. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.019 · Cited by 728
Motor deficit and impairment of synaptic plasticity in mice lacking mGluR1
Conquet, F., Bashir, Z. I., Davies, C. H., Daniel, H., Ferraguti, F., Bordi, F., Franz-Bacon, K., Reggiani, A., Matarese, V., Condé, F., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372237a0 · Cited by 743
Chimeric nucleases stimulate gene targeting in human cells
Porteus, M. H., & Baltimore, D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078395 · Cited by 741
The Discovery of Zinc Fingers and Their Applications in Gene Regulation and Genome Manipulation
Klug, A. (2010) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-010909-095056 · Cited by 710
Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, display cortical lamination defects, seizures, and adult lethality.
Chae, T., Kwon, Y. T., Bronson, R., Dikkes, P., Li, E., & Tsai, L.-H. (1997) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)80044-1 · Cited by 715
Defective Thymocyte Maturation in p44 MAP Kinase (Erk 1) Knockout Mice
Pagès, G., Guérin, S., Grall, D., Bonino, F., Smith, A., Anjuere, F., Auberger, P., & Pouysségur, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5443.1374 · Cited by 654
Gene targeting using zinc finger nucleases
Porteus, M. H., & Carroll, D. (2005) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1125 · Cited by 641
The transcriptional control of hematopoiesis [see comments]
Shivdasani, R., & Orkin, S. (1996) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v87.10.4025.bloodjournal87104025 · Cited by 560
FGF5 as a regulator of the hair growth cycle: Evidence from targeted and spontaneous mutations
Hébert, J. M., Rosenquist, T., Götz, J., & Martin, G. R. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90276-3 · Cited by 589
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing for disease modeling and therapy: challenges and opportunities for nonviral delivery
Wang, H.-X., Li, M., Lee, C. M., Chakraborty, S., Kim, H.-W., Bao, G., & Leong, K. W. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00799 · Cited by 560
Gelatinase B functions as regulator and effector in leukocyte biology
Opdenakker, G., Van den Steen, P. E., Dubois, B., Nelissen, I., Van Coillie, E., Masure, S., Proost, P., & Van Damme, J. (2001) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.69.6.851 · Cited by 553
Novel insights into erythroid development revealed through in vitro differentiation of GATA-1 embryonic stem cells.
Weiss, M. J., Keller, G., & Orkin, S. H. (1994) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.8.10.1184 · Cited by 541
A Method for the Acute and Rapid Degradation of Endogenous Proteins
Clift, D., McEwan, W. A., Labzin, L. I., Konieczny, V., Mogessie, B., James, L. C., & Schuh, M. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.033 · Cited by 531
A vital role for glycosphingolipid synthesis during development and differentiation
Yamashita, T., Wada, R., Sasaki, T., Deng, C., Bierfreund, U., Sandhoff, K., & Proia, R. L. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9142 · Cited by 505
Tyro-3 family receptors are essential regulators of mammalian spermatogenesis
Lu, Q., Gore, M., Zhang, Q., Camenisch, T., Boast, S., Casagranda, F., Lai, C., Skinner, M. K., Klein, R., Matsushima, G. K., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/19554 · Cited by 514
Impairment of Suckling Response, Trigeminal Neuronal Pattern Formation, and Hippocampal LTD in NMDA Receptor ε2 Subunit Mutant Mice
Kutsuwada, T., Sakimura, K., Manabe, T., Takayama, C., Katakura, N., Kushiya, E., Natsume, R., Watanabe, M., Inoue, Y., Yagi, T., et al. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80051-3 · Cited by 498
LDL receptor-related protein internalizes and degrades uPA-PAI-1 complexes and is essential for embryo implantation
Herz, J., Clouthier, D. E., & Hammer, R. E. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90511-a · Cited by 497
The p47phox mouse knock-out model of chronic granulomatous disease.
Jackson, S. H., Gallin, J. I., & Holland, S. M. (1995) · The Journal of experimental medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.182.3.751 · Cited by 484
Mouse models of Tay–Sachs and Sandhoff diseases differ in neurologic phenotype and ganglioside metabolism
Sango, K., Yamanaka, S., Hoffmann, A., Okuda, Y., Grinberg, A., Westphal, H., McDonald, M. P., Crawley, J. N., Sandhoff, K., Suzuki, K., et al. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1095-170 · Cited by 468
Disruption of the κ‐opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective κ‐agonist U‐50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal
Simonin, F., Valverde, O., Smadja, C., Slowe, S., Kitchen, I., Dierich, A., Le Meur, M., Roques, B. P., Maldonado, R., & Kieffer, B. L. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.4.886 · Cited by 418
Mice lacking complex gangliosides develop Wallerian degeneration and myelination defects
Sheikh, K. A., Sun, J., Liu, Y., Kawai, H., Crawford, T. O., Proia, R. L., Griffin, J. W., & Schnaar, R. L. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7532 · Cited by 396
Altered behavior and long-term potentiation in type I adenylyl cyclase mutant mice.
Wu, Z. L., Thomas, S. A., Villacres, E. C., Xia, Z., Simmons, M. L., Chavkin, C., Palmiter, R. D., & Storm, D. R. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.1.220 · Cited by 370
Embryonic lethality and impairment of haematopoiesis in mice heterozygous for an AML1-ETO fusion gene
Yergeau, D. A., Hetherington, C. J., Wang, Q., Zhang, P., Sharpe, A. H., Binder, M., Marín-Padilla, M., Tenen, D. G., Speck, N. A., & Zhang, D.-E. (1997) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0397-303 · Cited by 346
p21 in Cancer Research
Shamloo, B., & Usluer, S. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11081178 · Cited by 336
Disruption of the transthyretin gene results in mice with depressed levels of plasma retinol and thyroid hormone
Episkopou, V, Maeda, S., Nishiguchi, S., Shimada, K., Gaitanaris, G. A., Gottesman, M. E., & Robertson, E. J. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2375 · Cited by 325
A mouse model for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Lu, J.-F., Lawler, A. M., Watkins, P. A., Powers, J. M., Moser, A. B., Moser, H. W., & Smith, K. D. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9366 · Cited by 293
Mice devoid of the glial fibrillary acidic protein develop normally and are susceptible to scrapie prions
Gomi, H., Yokoyama, T., Fujimoto, K., Ikeda, T., Katoh, A., Itoh, T., & Itohara, S. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90238-4 · Cited by 256
Normal plasma lipoproteins and fertility in gene-targeted mice homozygous for a disruption in the gene encoding very low density lipoprotein receptor.
Frykman, P. K., Brown, M. S., Yamamoto, T., Goldstein, J. L., & Herz, J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8453 · Cited by 256
Potential pitfalls of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing
Peng, R., Lin, G., & Li, J. (2016) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.13586 · Cited by 213
Historical origins of transdifferentiation and reprogramming
Graf, T. (2011) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.11.012 · Cited by 194
Hox genes in digit development and evolution
Zákány, J., & Duboule, D. (1999) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s004410051262 · Cited by 178
Bridge RNAs direct programmable recombination of target and donor DNA
Durrant, M. G., Perry, N. T., Pai, J. J., Jangid, A. R., Athukoralage, J. S., Hiraizumi, M., McSpedon, J. P., Pawluk, A., Nishimasu, H., Konermann, S., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07552-4 · Cited by 163
Enhanced Amyloidogenic Processing of the β-Amyloid Precursor Protein in Gene-targeted Mice Bearing the Swedish Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations and a “Humanized” Aβ Sequence
Reaume, A. G., Howland, D. S., Trusko, S. P., Savage, M. J., Lang, D. M., Greenberg, B. D., Siman, R., & Scott, R. W. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23380 · Cited by 150
Two Kinesin Light Chain Genes in Mice
Rahman, A., Friedman, D. S., & Goldstein, L. S. B. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.25.15395 · Cited by 123
BAC-mediated gene-dosage analysis reveals a role for Zipro1 (Ru49/Zfp38) in progenitor cell proliferation in cerebellum and skin
Yang, X. W., Wynder, C., Doughty, M. L., & Heintz, N. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/11896 · Cited by 117
Genetic dissection of GABAergic neural circuits in mouse neocortex
Taniguchi, H. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00008 · Cited by 106
Genome Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Approaches, Pitfalls, and Solutions
Hendriks, W. T., Warren, C. R., & Cowan, C. A. (2016) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.12.002 · Cited by 110
Marked Diversity of Unique Cortical Enhancers Enables Neuron-Specific Tools by Enhancer-Driven Gene Expression
Blankvoort, S., Witter, M. P., Noonan, J., Cotney, J., & Kentros, C. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.015 · Cited by 72
Molecular genetics and imaging technologies for circuit-based neuroanatomy
Arenkiel, B. R., & Ehlers, M. D. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08536 · Cited by 78
Embryonic Stem Cells with a Disrupted GD3 Synthase Gene Undergo Neuronal Differentiation in the Absence of b-Series Gangliosides
Kawai, H., Sango, K., Mullin, K. A., & Proia, R. L. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19634 · Cited by 48
Alterations in Differentiation and Behavior of Monocytic Phagocytes in Transgenic Mice that Express Dominant Suppressors of ras Signaling
Jin, D. I., Jameson, S. B., Reddy, M. A., Schenkman, D., & Ostrowski, M. C. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.2.693 · Cited by 47
Animal models
(2012) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52898-8.00004-5 · Cited by 40
Adeno-associated virus inverted terminal repeats stimulate gene editing
Hirsch, M. L. (2015) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2014.109 · Cited by 32
Gene Inactivation in Adult Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells Using Inducible Mouse Models
Gudmundsson, K. O. (2021) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1008-4_13

Authors: Capecchi, M. R.
Affiliations: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1989-06-16
Volume: 244
Issue: 4910
Pages: 1288-1292
ISSN: 0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.2660260
Cited by: 1,594
References: 0
Language: en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Altering the Genome by Homologous Recombination

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources