The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 22 of the 54 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees
Open accessAbstract
Peripheral nerves provide a promising source of motor control signals for neuroprosthetic devices. Unfortunately, the clinical utility of current peripheral nerve interfaces is limited by signal amplitude and stability. Here, we showed that the regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) serves as a biologically stable bioamplifier of efferent motor action potentials with long-term stability in upper limb amputees. Ultrasound assessments of RPNIs revealed prominent contractions during phantom finger flexion, confirming functional reinnervation of the RPNIs in two patients. The RPNIs in two additional patients produced electromyography signals with large signal-to-noise ratios. Using these RPNI signals, subjects successfully controlled a hand prosthesis in real-time up to 300 days without control algorithm recalibration. RPNIs show potential in enhancing prosthesis control for people with upper limb loss.
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Claims the paper makes
22 of 54 cited sources checked · 11 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Consequently, implanted amputees can control a limited number of independent movements (11).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [11] source
The Future Advances section (page unavailable) says that even with targeted muscle reinnervation, current control algorithms operate sequentially or control at most two degrees of freedom at once. This supports the claim that the number of independently controllable movements is limited. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“However, current peripheral nerve interfaces have limitations, which minimize their clinical utility (1, 2).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] source
- Supportedcites [2] source
The Electrical section (p. 2) says nerve electrodes can damage nerves and that compatibility issues require further study before widespread clinical application. The Disadvantages section (p. 3) lists additional limitations, including surgical complexity and difficulty achieving selective stimulation. These passages support the claim that limitations reduce clinical usefulness. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesEvery source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Electrodes placed around a nerve have been successfully used in humans for improving sensory feedback for more than 2 years.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] source
The Discussion (p. 8) states that results from the peripheral nerve cuff interface were stable for more than two years in subject 1. The Discussion also reports improved functional performance with sensory feedback. The claim is supported for at least one human subject, not both. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The chronic bipolar electrodes used in this study are similar to those that have been previously observed to record stable EMG for up to 7.5 years (23).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Results describe implanted bipolar EMG recording electrodes, and the Discussion says the subjects used implanted EMG electrodes for control. But the 7.5-year observation in the Results and Discussion concerns functioning nerve cuff electrodes, not stable EMG recordings; the copy does not establish that duration for the recording electrodes. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“In previous studies, investigators have provided prosthetic control signals by interfacing with intact muscles in the residual limb.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] source
- Supportedcites [27] source
The Introduction states that powered transradial prostheses commonly use EMG signals from forearm muscles to control hand opening and closing. This supports the claim that prosthetic control signals have been obtained by interfacing with muscles in the residual limb. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Supportedcites [28] source
The Introduction describes myoelectric prostheses using signals from residual-limb muscles to control movement and notes existing clinical control methods. Methods §2.1 describes recording from forearm muscles in two amputee subjects. The copy does not provide page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesEvery source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“To date, pattern recognition controllers have outperformed conventional controllers during standardized functional trials (36).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [36] source
The Results (In Lab Testing with Physical Prosthesis) report significantly better performance with pattern recognition than direct control on the SHAP and Clothespin Relocation Task. These standardized functional tests support the claim; the study involved eight transhumeral amputees with targeted muscle reinnervation. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Previous studies of simultaneous control of multiple DOFs have focused on controlling the wrist and hand open/closed (26, 28, 30).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] source
- Supportedcites [28] source
The Introduction describes earlier real-time demonstrations of simultaneous control of two wrist DOFs, with or without a hand DOF. The Methods describe this study’s simultaneous-control task as wrist rotation, wrist flexion/extension, and hand open/close, matching the cited area of work. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Supportedcites [30] source
The Discussion reports simultaneous control of wrist and hand-opening/closing DOFs. The clothespin-task description also identifies simultaneous wrist pronation–supination and hand opening–closing, so this paper is an example of the earlier work described in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“results from previous animal work, which demonstrated that it took approximately 3 months for RPNIs to mature and stabilize (12, 15–17).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > MATERIALS AND METHODS > Electrophysiology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Partly supportedcites [16] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (§2.1; page unavailable) say the rats recuperated for four months to allow healing and graft reinnervation, with evaluation during the fourth month. The paper reports that RPNI signal amplitudes did not vary appreciably over the evaluation period (Figure 4 caption; page unavailable), but it does not demonstrate that maturation and stabilization took approximately three months. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two participants (P1 and P2) with RPNIs created above the elbow (that is, no long flexors or extensors of the fingers or wrist remain) were evaluated with ultrasound, and their RPNIs were observed to contract during phantom finger movements.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Using these RPNI signals, subjects successfully controlled a hand prosthesis in real-time up to 300 days without control algorithm recalibration.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 15
- It may state two separate claims as one. 38
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“RPNI is composed of a transected peripheral nerve, or peripheral nerve fascicle, that is implanted into a free muscle graft (12, 13).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] source
- Partly supportedcites [13] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction and Methods describe an RPNI attached to the end of a divided peripheral nerve. But this study constructed it with cultured myoblasts in a scaffold—silicone mesh or acellular muscle—not by implanting the nerve or a fascicle into a free muscle graft. The cited passages also do not describe use of a nerve fascicle. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This process creates a stable, peripheral nerve bioamplifier that produces high-amplitude EMG signals, which could be used to control a prosthetic device (14–17).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] source
- Supportedcites [16] source
The Introduction describes the reinnervated muscle graft as a signal amplifier and transducer intended for prosthetic control, and reports earlier rat responses without loss of amplitude over 14 months. Section 4.1 reports large RPNI EMG signals—about 1 mV peak-to-peak—in awake rats. The paper supports their potential use for prosthetic control; it does not claim that such control was demonstrated in humans. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In addition, RPNIs have been shown to prevent and treat neuroma pain and phantom pain after amputation (18–20).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [18] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] source
- Partly supportedcites [20] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Discussion report reduced neuroma and phantom pain after RPNI surgery in 16 amputees treated for symptomatic neuromas. The Conclusions and Future Directions describe neuroma prevention at primary amputation as a potential use requiring further study; this pilot study does not show prevention of either neuroma or phantom pain. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Electrodes placed within a peripheral nerve can record distinct efferent motor action potentials but over time are susceptible to decline in signal amplitude (3, 4).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] source
- Partly supportedcites [4] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section, “Decoding USEA recordings allowed intuitive control of many movements” (page unavailable), reports neuronal action potentials and distinct movement-related firing patterns from intraneural electrodes. It also reports fewer electrodes with movement-correlated activity over time in one subject, but does not report a decline in signal amplitude; the Discussion (“Decode,” page unavailable) likewise describes declining recording ability, not amplitude. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This strategy has provided reasonable signal amplitude and some control of a prosthetic limb in patients undergoing transradial amputations (24–28).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [24] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [26] source
- Partly supportedcites [27] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says powered transradial prostheses use forearm EMG signal amplitudes for limited control. The Abstract reports that five transradial amputees used residual-forearm signals to control a virtual arm, but the Discussion explicitly says they did not test a physical prosthesis. The paper does not establish a particular ‘reasonable’ signal amplitude. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites [28] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and amputee-subject Results report that two transradial amputees used EMG to control a cursor in a virtual task. The Discussion explicitly says physical-prosthesis testing remains to be done, and the paper does not establish that the strategy provided reasonable signal amplitude. Thus, it supports some myoelectric control in transradial amputees, but not the claimed signal amplitude or control of a physical prosthetic limb. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“RPNIs have shown to be an effective technique to reduce symptomatic neuroma pain and also prevent neuroma formation (18–20).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [18] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] source
- Partly supportedcites [20] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report a 71% reduction in neuroma pain among 16 amputees treated with RPNIs. The Abstract Conclusions and Discussion state that RPNIs prevent neuroma formation through their proposed mechanism, but the Conclusions and Future Directions say prophylactic use still needs study. This pilot study therefore supports pain reduction, not a demonstrated clinical benefit in preventing new neuromas. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“have been previously observed to record stable EMG for up to 7.5 years (23).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Electrode performance; page not provided) report that nerve cuff electrodes continued to function for 7.5 years in one subject. The Methods describe separate implanted EMG recording electrodes, and the Discussion says subjects used them for control, but neither passage reports stable EMG recordings for 7.5 years or identifies the electrodes as RPNIs. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In addition, intraneural probes, such as the Utah slanted electrode array, can provide large signals but currently run into issues of signal stability over time (4).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [4] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (Study limitations and Decode; page unavailable) reports unstable USEA recording ability and a decline in neural recording from post-implant day 13 to 30. It does not establish that the probes provide large neural signals; its reference to higher-amplitude signals concerns EMG that masked neural activity. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“as is necessary in TMR (29).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [29] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) says TMR transfers remaining arm nerves to residual muscles, and the Methods (page unavailable) identify muscles that received those transfers. Our copy does not say that TMR necessarily cuts the target muscles’ existing nerve branches or denervates existing muscle. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Similar results have been demonstrated with TMR (37), with a more recent study providing evidence that TMR decreases phantom limb pain (38).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [37] source
The citation to this paper (37) supports the claim that TMR showed similar pain outcomes: the Discussion says its outcomes compared favorably with established techniques, and the Results report resolution of neuroma pain in 14 of 15 patients. The phantom-limb-pain claim is attributed to citation 38, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“EMG-driven musculoskeletal models have been developed for real-time, physiologically accurate prosthesis control during functional tasks (30) but have only shown control of two to three DOFs.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [30] source
The EMG-driven Musculoskeletal Model section describes a physiologically correct model operating in real time. The Functional Tasks section reports prosthesis control during real-world activities, while the Results and Discussion describe control of wrist and hand DOFs, including simultaneous control of two DOFs. These passages support the cited example of functional control limited to a small number of DOFs. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, we successfully recorded independent efferent motor action potentials from RPNIs, which provided real-time prosthetic finger control up to 300 days without recalibration of the control algorithm.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, median RPNI 1 contracted for thumb flexion, whereas median RPNI 2 to RPNI 4 and a subsection of RPNI 1 contracted for index finger flexion (Fig. 2A).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, P4’s median nerve RPNI had an average peak-to-peak amplitude of 579 ± 209 μV (SNR = 19.1), ulnar nerve RPNI 1 had an amplitude of 334 ± 80.9 μV (SNR = 15.6), and ulnar nerve RPNI 2 had an amplitude of 501 ± 164 μV (SNR = 28.3) (fig. S2, C and D).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Surgically implanted indwelling bipolar electrodes
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For index finger flexion, median RPNI 1 contracted more than the surrounding tissue (P < 0.001), whereas observation of median RPNI 2 to RPNI 4 demonstrated smaller contractions and had mixed pixel changes (table S2).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, we observed clear EMG spikes associated with thumb movements in median RPNI 1, with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 4.62, and for small finger movements in ulnar RPNI 1 and RPNI 2 (mean SNR = 3.80) (Fig. 2C).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In comparison, RPNIs have remained a stable peripheral nerve interface for 2 years in P1, 8 months in P2, 3 years in P3, and 1 year in P4.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A small subsection of the ulnar RPNI did appear to undergo small but visible contractions during volitional index finger movement.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of movements were selected quickly, with the fastest motion selection times, or the times between EMG onset and the classifier’s prediction, less than 0.3 s”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Real-time myoelectric prosthetic control
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, P1’s median RPNI 1 and ulnar RPNI 1 and RPNI 2 had a significant change in mean pixel intensity than the surrounding tissue during thumb and small finger flexion, respectively (P < 0.001 for both comparisons).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P3 and P4 acquired targets with 100 and 96.3% accuracy on day 0, respectively.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Real-time myoelectric prosthetic control
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The SNR of the recorded EMG had a mean of 4.21 in P1, 68.9 in P3, and 21.0 in P4.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P3 and P4 performed the same target hitting task in these two axes, hitting eight targets with 100 and 97.2% accuracy with an average time to success of 0.987 ± 0.16 and 2.83 ± 0.43 s, respectively (Fig. 5, E and F, and movie S9).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Real-time myoelectric prosthetic control
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, extraction of single motor units from P3 and P4’s median RPNIs showed signal amplitude variability from day to day, ±17.2 and ±6.63%, respectively, but no observable decreasing trend in amplitude (Fig. 5, C and D).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Real-time myoelectric prosthetic control
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The averaged peak-to-peak amplitude for the most preferred movement on the RPNIs was 2.77 ± 0.660 mV with an SNR of 102 and 501 ± 145 μV with an SNR of 36.1 on P3’s median and ulnar RPNIs, respectively (fig. S2, A and B).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Surgically implanted indwelling bipolar electrodes
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The bulk of RPNI 1 and RPNI 2 contracted during volitional small finger PIP/DIP joint flexion of the phantom hand, whereas a subsection of both RPNIs contracted for thumb movement (Fig. 2A and movie S2).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a direct comparison, P4 performed the same task using surface EMG (see Materials and Methods), hitting targets with 78.4% accuracy with an average time to success of 4.40 ± 0.50 s (movie S10).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Real-time myoelectric prosthetic control
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the ulnar nerve RPNIs, RPNI activation appropriately occurred during flexion of the phantom thumb, whereas minimal activation occurred during index finger flexion.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Surgically implanted indwelling bipolar electrodes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P3 and P4’s averaged motion selection time across all movements were 0.172 ± 0.105 and 0.234 ± 0.0894 s, respectively (means ± SD; table S3).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Real-time myoelectric prosthetic control
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we did not need to transect any nerve branches to any of the residual muscles of the upper arm and, thus, did not denervate existing muscle”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, recording specific efferent motor action potentials is challenging because of the small amplitude of the signals, limiting the number of independent control signals that can be recorded (9).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With TMR, a normally innervated muscle must be partially denervated to provide a new target for recording EMG signals from the implanted nerve.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Instead, electrical stimulation has shown promise in providing tactile feedback through stimulation of afferent sensory axons (3, 5–7).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here, we showed that the regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) serves as a biologically stable bioamplifier of efferent motor action potentials with long-term stability in upper limb amputees.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, two or three nerves (median, radial, and ulnar) may be implanted into the same target muscle (for example, the pectoralis major muscle), making it difficult to record independent control signals from individual nerves or fascicles.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) can provide multiple control signals by transferring divided peripheral nerves in a residual limb to intact local or regional muscles. Surface electromyography (EMG) is then used to record the efferent motor control signals (10).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Surface EMG amplitude was lower than intramuscular EMG, which may have contributed to the decrease in performance.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Real-time myoelectric prosthetic control
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“P3’s nerves had an additional 2 years to reinnervate his muscle grafts before electrode implantation.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This was anatomically unexpected but may be due to P1’s 16-year period without a hand, making certain volitional movements difficult to generate independently.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our study design did not include a direct comparison to other surgical approaches (for example, TMR).”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These RPNI contractions, seen in two participants missing finger-related musculature, suggest that nerves carrying efferent motor action potentials controlling finger functionality successfully reinnervated the RPNIs, allowing P1 and P2 to have volitional control over their phantom hand.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The attempted phantom finger movements made by participants correspond to volitional motor commands in the residual nerves that can drive RPNI contractions.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The wide SNR gap between P1, P3, and P4 is likely due to the smaller bipolar electrode spacing in acute fine wires (1 mm) versus indwelling EMG electrodes (10 mm), whereas the difference between P3 and P4’s measured SNR may be due to the period of reinnervation.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These findings suggest that efferent motor action potentials can be recorded using RPNIs from individual nerve fascicles, each of which may have distinct and unique motor control signals.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Surgically implanted indwelling bipolar electrodes
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The signals recorded from RPNI electrodes are efferent motor action potentials generated by the RPNI grafts rather than by other sources.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The more accurate surgical targeting of the bipolar indwelling electrode into the RPNI may account for the larger amplitude efferent motor action potential signals compared with P1.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Surgically implanted indwelling bipolar electrodes
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that these RPNI grafts amplify efferent motor nerve action potentials, actively contract, and generate EMG signals similar to residual muscle.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > RESULTS > Observed muscle contractions of the RPNI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The signals recorded from RPNI electrodes are efferent motor action potentials generated by the RPNI grafts rather than by other sources.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan approved this study, and each participant provided written and informed consent.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > MATERIALS AND METHODS > Study design
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No power analysis was calculated before the study.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > MATERIALS AND METHODS > Study design
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This was a first-in-human, non-blinded, nonrandomized pilot study.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > MATERIALS AND METHODS > Study design
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This led to a careful decision on which residual muscles to implant to provide the best prosthesis control for the subjects.”
§ A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees > DISCUSSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The attempted phantom finger movements made by participants correspond to volitional motor commands in the residual nerves that can drive RPNI contractions.
“Participants were asked at the beginning of each behavioral task whether they could move the fingers of their phantom limb. In this situation, the RPNIs were observed contracting during movement of the phantom fingers.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The signals recorded from RPNI electrodes are efferent motor action potentials generated by the RPNI grafts rather than by other sources.
“In both participants, large amplitude, anatomically appropriate motor control signals were recorded from the indwelling RPNI electrodes (n = 2,3).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Both the median and ulnar nerves supply several intrinsic thumb muscles that help flex the thumb CMC and MCP joints.
“This is anatomically appropriate since both the median and ulnar nerves innervate several intrinsic muscles, which assist in flexing the thumb CMC/MCP joints.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The thumb state vector represents thumb flexion/extension and thumb opposition/reposition position and velocity.
“We assume that the thumb state vector xt represents the position and velocity of the thumb flexion/extension and thumb opposition/reposition.”
Citations
Cites
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“The real-time computer calculated the mean absolute value (MAV) from the EMG waveform (10, 35).”
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“However, current peripheral nerve interfaces have limitations, which minimize their clinical utility (1, 2).”
BackgroundA neural interface provides long-term stable natural touch perception
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Items 201–287 of 287
Design and Validation of PACTUS 2.0: Usability for Neurological Patients, Seniors and Caregivers
Sánchez-Gil, J. J., Sáez, A., Ochoa-Sepúlveda, J.-J., et al. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25196158 · Cited by 1
“This type of temporal stabilizer is also found in the literature [85,86].”
Wang, M. J., Cubillos, L. H., Kung, T. A., Kemp, S. W. P., Snyder‐Warwick, A. K., & Cederna, P. S. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence Surgery · doi:10.20517/ais.2025.03 · Cited by 1
Self-citationBiotic‐Abiotic Interface Engineering for Peripheral Nerve Modulation and Repair
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“Reinnervation techniques such as targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR [23]) and regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery (RPNI [24]) have enabled targeting previously missing muscles.”
Self-citationDecoding phantom limb movements from intraneural recordings
Rossi, C., Bumbaširević, M., Čvančara, P., Stieglitz, T., Raspopović, S., Donati, E., & Valle, G. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-69297-0 · Cited by 2
Dynamic biophysical coupling in bioelectronic interfaces for peripheral nerve modulation
Pan, W., Yang, J., Zhao, Y., Gao, Z., Liu, H., & Ma, D. (2026) · Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44287-026-00301-x · Cited by 1
In-vivo recording of sensory signals from peripheral nerves using flexible 3D neural electrodes
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AI in Healthcare: Malignant or Benign?
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Spinal Interfacing via Muscle Recordings for Neuroprosthesis Control
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Current and Future Directions for Upper Extremity Amputations
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Self-citationHistopathological Confirmation of Axonal Sprouting in Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface
Chang, S. H., Maenohara, Y., Hirose, J., Omata, Y., Fujiwara, S., Haga, N., Ikemura, M., Saito, T., Tanaka, S., & Matsumoto, T. (2024) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000005878 · Cited by 1
“4 These findings indicate the concurrent formation of new neuromuscular junctions (synaptogenesis) within the muscle graft.”
BackgroundHooper, R. C., Kelly, B. M., Cederna, P. S., & Siegel, G. (2024) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2024.06.001 · Cited by 3
Self-citationEmergence of Nerve Interfaces with Robotic Applications
Burke, K. L., Dumanian, G. A., & Cederna, P. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57132-9_6 · Cited by 1
Self-citationCho, J., Suh, H. P., Pak, C. J., & Hong, J. P. (2024) · Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery · doi:10.1055/a-2434-4605 · Cited by 1
“14 So, research on RPNIs is still in the early stages.”
Lowe, A. L., Issa, M., Johnson, J. A., Chen, D., Brown, E., Orsini, A. A., Quinn, K. N., Bhargava, A., Pathak, A. P., TUFFAHA, S. H., et al. (2025) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.70001 · Cited by 1
Engineering genetically-encoded synthetic biomarkers for breath-based cancer detectionPreprint
Vermesh, O., D’Souza, A. L., Alam, I. S., Wardak, M., McLaughlin, T. M., Rami, F. E., Sathirachinda, A., Bell, J. C., James, M. L., Hori, S. S., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.01.456741 · Cited by 1
First-in-human demonstration of functional task performance using a sonomyographic prosthesisPreprint
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Quantifying antibody dynamics of severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19Preprint
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First demonstration of functional task performance using a sonomyographic prosthesis: a case studyPreprint
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Multichannel Sensorimotor Integration with a Dexterous Artificial HandPreprint
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“as targeted muscle reinnervation [4] or regenerative peripheral neural interfaces [5] can enable simultaneous control of multiple DOFs of a prosthetic arm.”
BackgroundBenede, N., Tincho, M. B., Walters, A., Subbiah, V., Ngomti, A., Baguma, R., Butters, C., Hähnle, L., Mennen, M., Skelem, S., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.05.16.23290059 · Cited by 2
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FTLD targets brain regions expressing recently evolved genesPreprint
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Predicting the infecting dengue serotype from antibody titre data using machine learningPreprint
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Sparse neural networks enable low-power, implantable neural interfacesPreprint
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Self-citationA Robust Neuromuscular Interface to Restore Lost Function in People with AmputationsPreprint
Vaskov, A. K., Wallace, D. M., Desai, K., Laidlaw, A. T., Kung, T. A., Gates, D. H., Kemp, S. W. P., Chestek, C. A., & Cederna, P. S. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5989030/v1 · Cited by 1
“In more proximal amputations, acute experiments show that implanting RPNIs can provide valuable control signals for �nger �exion and extension in the absence of extrinsic hand muscles 50 .”
Self-citationSelective Chronic Recording in the Peripheral Nervous System
Durand, D. M., & Eggers, T. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43395-6_10
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Self-citationAuthor response: Proof of concept for multiple nerve transfers to a single target muscle
Luft, M., Klepetko, J., Muceli, S., Ibáñez, J., Tereshenko, V., Festin, C., Laengle, G., Politikou, O., Maierhofer, U., Farina, D., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.71312.sa2
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Invasive Neural Integration and Clinical Translation
Glass, C., & TUFFAHA, S. H. (2022) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_131-1
Brain-Machine Interfaces for Upper and Lower Limb Prostheses
Brantley, J. A., Paek, A. Y., Steele, A. G., & Contreras-Vidal, J. L. (2022) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_35-2
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Bekisz, J. M., & Hacquebord, J. H. (2022) · Plastic and Aesthetic Research · doi:10.20517/2347-9264.2022.69
Invasive Neural Integration and Clinical Translation
Glass, C., & TUFFAHA, S. H. (2023) · Handbook of Neuroengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_131
Body-tool integration: past, present, and future
Miller, L. E., & Martel, M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99193-3.00010-6
Engineered regenerative isolated peripheral nerve interface for targeted reinnervationPreprint
Kim, J., Kwon, J., Eom, S., Kong, J. S., Kim, D. S., & Cho, D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3095103/v1
Invited Contributions: Fields Outside of My Work
Bahm, J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32005-7_4
Realizing Upper Extremity Bionic Limbs: Leveraging Neuroprosthetic Control Strategies
Kumar, N. G., Chestek, C. A., Cederna, P. S., & Kung, T. A. (2023) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000011183
“16 RPNIs remained stable over a period of 3.5 years without signal degradation, instability, or reduction in amplitude of signals recorded.”
InfluentialSelf-citationPettersen, E., Sassu, P., Pedrini, F. A., Granberg, H., Reinholdt, C., Breyer, J. M., Roche, A. D., Hart, A. M., Ladak, A., Power, H. A., et al. (2024) · doi:10.3791/66378-v
Self-citationDong, M., Yang, J., Zhen, F., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.18.603459
Evolution of Upper Extremity Trauma Management
Brown, R. D., Czerniecki, S., & Moore, A. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57132-9_20
Scientific Pursuit of Neuroma Management
Senger, J. B., Kemp, S. W. P., & Power, H. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59758-9_26
Self-citationAgonist-antagonist myoneural interface surgery on the proprioceptive reconstruction of rat hind limb
Wang, P., Huang, J., Wei, J., Yu, Q., Li, G., Yu, B., Yang, L., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38041
“Pjillip et al. [30] proposed the RPNI approach, which involves the implantation of free muscle grafts to reconstruction peripheral neuromotor function in the upper extremity.”
BackgroundThumbadoo, K. M., Nementzik, L. R., Swanson, M. E. V., Dieriks, B. V., Dragunow, M., Faull, R. L. M., Curtis, M. A., Blair, I. P., Nicholson, G. A., Williams, K. L., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.24316165
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Surgical Advancements to Enable the Integration of Bionic Limbs
Ortiz-Catalan, M. (2025) · Biosystems & biorobotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77588-8_4
Brain Machine Interfaces for the Control of Prosthetic Fingers
Chestek, C. A. (2025) · Biosystems & biorobotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77588-8_1
Self-citationInter‐Day Grasping Model Generalization for Prosthetic Hand Using Soft Optical Sensing Sleeve
Ju, L., Jia, H., Feng, Y., Huang, Y., Shi, Y., Shi, D., Shao, Y., Yuan, F., Zhao, Y., Xilun, D., et al. (2025) · Advanced Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1002/aisy.202400569
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“In terms of producing additional EMG signals for amputees, regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) is also a choice [40].”
Between Stimulation and Biologics
Miranda, S. P., Xu, E., Alexis, M., & Ali, Z. S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73931-6_70
Dry Film Photoresist Enabled Sustainable Large-Area Manufacturing for Flexible Electronics
Wang, Q., Chen, L., Bi, X., Dong, X., Xie, J., Feng, B., & Duan, H. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c09006 · Cited by 2
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“…improving comfort and weight bearing, other than a gateway to muscles and nerves via implanted recording and stimulation electrodes [6]; targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) [8] and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNIs) [9] allowed to increase the number of available control sources.”
Decoding phantom limb movements from intraneural recordingsPreprint
Rossi, C., Bumbaširević, M., Čvančara, P., Stieglitz, T., Raspopović, S., Donati, E., & Valle, G. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.21.25333903
“While these approaches have shown promise, they have primarily been evaluated for motor decoding in upper-limb amputees (RPNIs) 9,11 or a single AKA with a few DoFs 12 .”
Epitope-driven polyfunctional divergence of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies
Rosenbaum, P., Planchais, C., Bruel, T., Beretta, M., Staropoli, I., Bolland, W., Guivel‐Benhassine, F., Planas, D., French COVID Cohort Study Group, CORSER Study Group, et al. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117345
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Self-citationPeresada, D., Mzeihem, M., & Rybalko, D. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-04688-8_26
Intrinsic excitability controls structural plasticity of cerebellar climbing fibersPreprint
Musto, M., Bergamini, M., Terra, A. L., Marte, A., Marenco, G., Loiacono, F., Benfenati, F., & Grasselli, G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690115
Ramos, J. D., Bresnahan, C., Brysgel, T. V., Kozub, N., Mendoza-Rojas, G., Murillo, L. C., Devanadera, M. K., Castillo, J. R., Castillo, D. A. E., Aguilar, J. P. P., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.692901
Chen, T., Mohanty, A. J., Yucheng, T., Kemp, S. W. P., Cederna, P. S., & Kung, T. A. (2026) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1080/17434440.2026.2615785
“…and proportion of motor and sensory axons for each major peripheral nerve and align this information with the optimal number and size of autologous denervated grafts. during voluntary movement, enabling refined control of opposing joint actions with high SNR and minimal cross-talk [26,50–54].”
Self-citationThe Embodiment Paradox: Integrating Prosthetic Systems to Enhance Human-Machine Integration
Gentile, C., & Gruppioni, E. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06713-5_2
Whole blood transcriptional responses associated with bacterial burden in pulmonary tuberculosisPreprint
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Team science and building a team
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Technologische Fortschritte in der Amputationsmedizin
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Cyst-type epithelial heterogeneity shapes therapeutic responsiveness in ADPKDPreprint
Roeles, J., Giesler, A., Schmitz, J., Koenig, J., Friedersdorff, F., Busch, J., Greite, R., Krappitz, M., Layne, I. A., Köttgen, M., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.08.723838
Tumor-Associated Fibroblast-Derived Matrix Containing EDA-FN Alters Macrophage Behavior
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Movement is a Sensory Phenomenon
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Historical Perspective of the Surgical Innovations to Improve Prosthetic Control
Ramsey, M. D., Bagdady, K. R., Janes, L. E., Dumanian, G. A., & Ko, J. H. (2026) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2026.03.008
Guo, Z. H., Deng, J., Xu, Y., et al. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202521235
DustNet: A Wireless Network of Ultrasonic Neural Implants
Pinkenburg, J., Lee, C., Ghanbari, M. M., et al. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2026.3705632
“External forces on the wires can also cause signal quality to degrade over time by shifting the electrode placement.”
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“Neural-machine interfaces for simultaneous control of multiple degrees of freedom ( 13 , 16 , 41 ) have moved prosthetic interfaces toward intuitive operating principles reflecting coordinated natural limb control ( 42 , 43 ).”
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“For prosthetic control, RPNI signals have been recorded using implanted intramuscular electrodes [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], which can provide access to deeper signals with improved muscle specificity.”
Self-citationNeurorobotics for Neurorehabilitation: Clinical Applications and Future Research Direction
Brossy, T., Katic, N., & Raspopović, S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-7448-0_35-1
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for Intuitive Prosthetic Control
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Development of Auxetic-Patterned Electrode Array for Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces
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“It has been shown in animal studies and a few human trials to provide high fidelity motor control of prostheses [10].”
Self-citationTrends in neuroprosthetic technologies to restore sensations
Park, B., Butterworth, W., Lee, N., & Kim, S. (2026) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-026-00603-x
“…reinnervation (TMR) [144], which redirects residual nerves to residual muscles in ampu-tees, and regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) [145], which inserts residual nerve endings into free muscle grafts to induce reinnervation, were originally developed to amplify neural signals into…”
Saini, J. B., Yang, B., Wong, A. L., & Mayo, A. L. (2026) · Prosthetics and Orthotics International · doi:10.1097/pxr.0000000000000556
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“As highlighted by Vu et al. , the use of autografts currently represents the state-of-the-art for RPNI-based control of robotic prostheses [7].”
Yang, L., Gangoli, N. A., Amrami, M. B., & Bogue, J. T. (2026) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2026.08.042
Metadata
- Authors
- Vu, P. P., Vaskov, A. K., Irwin, Z. T., Henning, P. T., Lueders, D. R., Laidlaw, A. T., Davis, A. J., Nu, C. S., Gates, D. H., Gillespie, R. B., Kemp, S. W. P., Kung, T. A., Chestek, C. A., & Cederna, P. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chestek, Cynthia A.
- Cederna, Paul S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2020-03-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 533
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- PMC
- PMC8082695
- OpenAlex
- W3009733360
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 18
- FWCI
- 18.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Sciences Office, DARPA (N66001-16-1-4006)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
- Keywords
- regenerative peripheral nerve interface, peripheral nerve interfaces, upper limb amputees, prosthetic hand control, neuroprosthetics, bioamplification, functional reinnervation, electromyography, signal stability
- MeSH terms
- Amputees, Artificial Limbs, Electromyography, Hand, Humans, Peripheral Nerves, Upper Extremity
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