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The Microbiome and Host Behavior
Open accessAbstract
The microbiota is increasingly recognized for its ability to influence the development and function of the nervous system and several complex host behaviors. In this review, we discuss emerging roles for the gut microbiota in modulating host social and communicative behavior, stressor-induced behavior, and performance in learning and memory tasks. We summarize effects of the microbiota on host neurophysiology, including brain microstructure, gene expression, and neurochemical metabolism across regions of the amygdala, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and hypothalamus. We further assess evidence linking dysbiosis of the gut microbiota to neurobehavioral diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder and major depression, drawing upon findings from animal models and human trials. Finally, based on increasing associations between the microbiota, neurophysiology, and behavior, we consider whether investigating mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis could lead to novel approaches for treating particular neurological conditions.
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“As alluded to in earlier sections microbiota-microglia interactions are receiving much attention of late as key mechanisms underlying microbiota-immune-brain interactions (Abdel-Haq et al., 2019;Rea et al., 2016;Vuong et al., 2017).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Vuong et al., 2017
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“This communication happens via the gut-brain axis, stress hormones, endocrine, sensory neuronal and neuroimmune pathways, and affects behavioral phenotypes, including stress-related behaviors, anxiety, risk avoidance, and depression1–6.”
From Integrated analysis of behavioral, epigenetic, and gut microbiome analyses in AppNL-G-F, AppNL-F, and wild type mice (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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“A potential contributor to AD pathology is the gut microbiome as it has been shown that the gut microbiome can communicate with the CNS and affect neurobiology and behavioral phenotypes1–6.”
From Integrated analysis of behavioral, epigenetic, and gut microbiome analyses in AppNL-G-F, AppNL-F, and wild type mice (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Studies in animals have demonstrated the effect that the GM has on neural development and neurochemistry in the host, influencing the stress system, behavior, and cognition (42–47).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
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“The GM can further regulate serotonin availability by signaling enterochromaffin cells to produce serotonin via expression of tryptophan hydroxylase, and by altering levels of SCFAs and BAs which can influence serotonin production (46, 164, 221–223).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
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“The great majority of the body’s serotonin (95%) is produced and stored in ECCs and plays an important role in modulating the activity of the enteric nervous system and in signaling to the brain via different subtypes of vagal afferents which form synaptic contacts with ECCs [29].”
From Role of diet and its effects on the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of mental disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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“specific microbiota environments have been associated with changes in behavior, mood, cognition and GI problems, in both preclinical and clinical studies (as reviewed in 484950)”
From Gastrointestinal Issues and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“Diet rapidly alters gut microbiota composition”
From Gastrointestinal Issues and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vuong, H. E., Yano, J. M., Fung, T. C., & Hsiao, E. Y.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hsiao, Elaine Y.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2017-07-25
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-49
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- PMC
- PMC6661159
- OpenAlex
- W2593775879
- Cited by
- 537
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 19
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DP5OD017924)
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH090749)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (K12GM106996)
- Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, microbiota-gut-brain axis, host behavior, social behavior, stress response, learning and memory, neurophysiology, amygdala, hippocampus, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, dysbiosis, autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Mental Disorders, Brain, Humans, Gastrointestinal Tract
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