Ly6Chi Monocytes Provide a Link between Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Antibiotics, though remarkably useful, can also cause certain adverse effects. We detected that treatment of adult mice with antibiotics decreases hippocampal neurogenesis and memory retention. Reconstitution with normal gut flora (SPF) did not completely reverse the deficits in neurogenesis unless the mice also had access to a running wheel or received probiotics. In parallel to an increase in neurogenesis and memory retention, both SPF-reconstituted mice that ran and mice supplemented with probiotics exhibited higher numbers of Ly6C(hi) monocytes in the brain than antibiotic-treated mice. Elimination of Ly6C(hi) monocytes by antibody depletion or the use of knockout mice resulted in decreased neurogenesis, whereas adoptive transfer of Ly6C(hi) monocytes rescued neurogenesis after antibiotic treatment. We propose that the rescue of neurogenesis and behavior deficits in antibiotic-treated mice by exercise and probiotics is partially mediated by Ly6C(hi) monocytes.
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Antibiotic depletion of the microbiota results in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory impairments, which can be partially recovered by reconstitution of specific pathogen-free microbiota and completely recovered by probiotic treatment or exercise.
“Antibiotic depletion of the microbiota also results in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory impairments, which can be partially recovered by the reconstitution of specific SPF microbiota and completely recovered by probiotic treatment or exercise (118).”
From The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication (2020) · cites this paper as [118]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese deficits were corrected with adoptive transfer of Ly-6chi monocytes into antibiotic-treated animals, coupled with access to a running wheel or probiotic treatment.
“These deficits were corrected with adoptive transfer of Ly-6chi monocytes into antibiotic-treated animals, coupled with access to a running wheel (voluntary exercise), or probiotic treatment.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mohle et al., 2016
The adoptive-transfer results (p. 7) report that Ly6Chi monocytes restored neurogenesis in antibiotic-treated mice. The Summary (p. 2) and Discussion (p. 7) describe running-wheel access and probiotics as separate rescue treatments, not treatments coupled with adoptive transfer. The transfer result also addresses neurogenesis, not the full set of neurogenesis and memory deficits described in the Summary. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApplication of a broad-spectrum antibiotic for seven weeks resulted in behavioral deficits in the hippocampus-reliant novel object recognition (NOR) task and decreased neurogenesis.
“application of a broad-spectrum antibiotic for seven weeks (Mohle et al., 2016) resulted in behavioral deficits in the hippocampus-reliant novel object recognition (NOR) task as well as decreased neurogenesis.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mohle et al., 2016
VSL#3 restored object recognition memory impairment induced by chronic antibiotic treatment and cafeteria-diet supplementation.
“VSL#3, a commercially available probiotic mixture consisting of Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains restored object recognition memory impairment induced by chronic antibiotic treatment (Mohle et al., 2016), and cafeteria-diet supplementation (Beilharz et al., 2018).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mohle et al., 2016
Chronic long-term antibiotic treatment induces memory deficits in adult female mice along with decreased hippocampal neurogenesis.
“Similarly, chronic long-term antibiotic treatment was found to induce similar memory deficits in adult female mice (Mohle et al., 2016), along with decreased hippocampal neurogenesis.”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Mohle et al., 2016
Long-term use of antibiotics in adult mice reduces neuronal regeneration in the hippocampus and impairs cognitive function.
“In addition, long-term use of antibiotics in adult mice reduces neuronal regeneration in the hippocampus and impairs cognitive function [584].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [584]
The deficits from long-term antibiotics were reversed by a combination of gut flora reconstitution with probiotics and voluntary exercise.
“Confirming a role for the GM, these deficits were reversed by a combination of gut flora reconstitution with probiotics and voluntary exercise.”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [384]
Möhle et al. administered long-term antibiotics to adult mice, resulting in a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory retention.
“Möhle et al. administered long-term antibiotics to adult mice, resulting in a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory retention (384).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [384]
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- Authors
- Möhle, L., Mattei, D., Heimesaat, M. M., Bereswill, S., Fischer, A., Alutis, M., French, T., Hambardzumyan, D., Matzinger, P., Dunay, I. R., & Wolf, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (DE)
- Max Delbrück Center (DE)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Emory University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wolf, Susanne A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1945-1956
- ISSN
- 2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2399712491
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 24.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB633, TPA07, SFB-854)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, gut microbiota, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, memory retention, probiotics, physical activity, monocyte depletion, adoptive transfer, gut-brain axis
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Aging, Animals, Antibiosis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antigens, Ly, Brain, Cell Count, Cells, Cultured, Hippocampus, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Monocytes, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Mice, Knockout, Spheroids, Cellular, Coculture Techniques, Adoptive Transfer, Probiotics, Gastrointestinal Tract, Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells
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