Social Media Elements, Ecologies, and Effects

Bayer, Joseph B.; Triệu, Penny; Ellison, Nicole B.

doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050944

Cited by 410Impact of Technology on AdolescentsMedia and Digital CommunicationSocial Media and Politics

Social Media Elements, Ecologies, and Effects

Bayer, Joseph B., Triệu, Penny, Ellison, Nicole B.·2020·Annual Review of Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050944

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Abstract

This review delineates core components of the social media ecosystem, specifying how online platforms complicate established social psychological effects. We assess four pairs of social media elements and effects: profiles and self-presentation; networks and social mobilization; streams and social comparison; and messages and social connectedness. In the process, we describe features and affordances that comprise each element, underscoring the complexity of social media contexts as they shift to a central topic within psychology. Reflecting on this transitional state, we discuss how researchers will struggle to replicate the effects of dynamic social environments. Consequently, we outline the obstacles in isolating effects that reoccur across platforms, as well as the challenges and opportunities that come with measuring contexts across periods. By centering on the elements that define the online ecosystem, psychological research can establish a more durable foundation for replicating the effects of social media and chronicling the evolution of social interaction.

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Emerging work recommends measuring social media use across multiple platforms because people use them for different purposes and in different amounts.
“Second, emerging work recommends measuring social media use across multiple platforms because people use them for different purposes and in different amounts.43”
From Social Media Use and Its Link to Physical Health Indicators (2022) · cites this paper as [43]

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Walther, J. B., Liang, Y. J., DeAndrea, D. C., Tong, S. T., Carr, C. T., Spottswood, E. L., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2011) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2010.547832 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
as social support: Relational closeness, automaticity, and interpreting social support from paralinguistic digital affordances in social media
Carr, C. T., Wohn, D. Y., & Hayes, R. A. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.087 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The Estrangement of Social Constructionism and Experimental Social Psychology: History of the Rift and Prospects for Reconciliation
Jost, J. T., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0603_1 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Do you dare to compare?” Associations between maternal social comparisons on social networking sites and parenting, mental health, and romantic relationship outcomes
Coyne, S. M., McDaniel, B. T., & Stockdale, L. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.081 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Platform-swinging in a poly-social-media context: How and why users navigate multiple social media platforms
Tandoc, E. C., Lou, C., & Min, V. L. H. (2018) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmy022 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Social capital and resource requests on Facebook
Ellison, N. B., Gray, R., Lampe, C. A. C., & Fiore, A. T. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444814543998 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citation
Advancing Warranting Theory
DeAndrea, D. C. (2014) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/comt.12033 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of social network site use and social support
Liu, D., Wright, K. B., & Hu, B. (2018) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2018.08.024 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Emergence of Contextual Social Psychology
Pettigrew, T. F. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218756033 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Psychological Determinants of Using Facebook: A Research Review
Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., & Rudnicka, P. (2013) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2013.780868 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-reflection and interpersonal connection: Making the most of self-presentation on social media.
Vogel, E., & Rose, J. P. (2016) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000076 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Glancing up or down: Mood management and selective social comparisons on social networking sites
Johnson, B. K., & Knobloch-Westerwick, S. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.009 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“I know you’ve seen it!” Individual and social factors for users’ chatting behavior on Facebook
Mai, L. M., Freudenthaler, R., Schneider, F. M., & Vorderer, P. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.074 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A functional approach to the Facebook Like button: An exploration of meaning, interpersonal functionality, and potential alternative response buttons
Sumner, E. M., Ruge-Jones, L., & Alcorn, D. S. (2018) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444817697917 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Is Anybody out There?: Understanding Masspersonal Communication through Expectations for Response across Social Media Platforms
French, M., & Bazarova, N. N. (2017) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12197 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Social rewards: From basic social building blocks to complex social behavior
Tamir, D. I., & Hughes, B. L. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691618776263 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-monitoring, honesty, and cue use on Facebook: The relationship with user extraversion and conscientiousness
Hall, J. A., & Pennington, N. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.001 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Permanently online, permanently connected: living and communicating in a POPC World
Parry, D. A. (2019) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2019.1590441 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Facebook in context(s): Measuring emotional responses across time and space
Bayer, J., Ellison, N. B., Schoenebeck, S. Y., Brady, E. L., & Falk, E. B. (2016) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444816681522 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
What have we learned about social media by studying Facebook? A decade in review
Stoycheff, E., Liu, J., Wibowo, K. A., & Nanni, D. P. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444817695745 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Emotional support during times of stress: can text messaging compete with in-person interactions?
Holtzman, S., DeClerck, D., Turcotte, K., Lisi, D., & Woodworth, M. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.043 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Reexamining the relationship between social media and happiness: The effects of various social media platforms on reconceptualized happiness
Chae, J. (2018) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2018.04.011 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Social media and relationship development: The effect of valence and intimacy of posts
Orben, A. C., & Dunbar, R. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.006 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Procrastination out of Habit? The Role of Impulsive Versus Reflective Media Selection in Procrastinatory Media Use
Schnauber-Stockmann, A., Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2018) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213269.2018.1476156 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Digitally connected, socially disconnected: the effects of relying on technology rather than other people
Kushlev, K., Proulx, J. D. E., & Dunn, E. W. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
What can we learn about social network sites by studying Facebook? A call and recommendations for research on social network sites
Rains, S. A., & Brunner, S. R. (2014) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444814546481 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Adolescents' differential responses to social media browsing: Exploring causes and consequences for intervention
Weinstein, E. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.038 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Upstanding by Design
DiFranzo, D. J., Taylor, S. H., Kazerooni, F., Wherry, O. D., & Bazarova, N. N. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173785 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
What triggers envy on Social Network Sites? A comparison between shared experiential and material purchases
Lin, R., van de Ven, N., & Utz, S. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.049 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Where does the time go? An experimental test of what social media displaces and displaced activities’ associations with affective well-being and quality of day
Hall, J. A., Johnson, R., & Ross, E. M. R. M. (2018) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444818804775 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-Expression on Social Media
Orehek, E., & Human, L. J. (2016) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216675332 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Consciousness and Self‐Regulation in Mobile Communication
Bayer, J., Cin, S. D., Campbell, S. W., & Panek, E. T. (2016) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/hcre.12067 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Use of Smartphones as a Digital Security Blanket: The Influence of Phone Use and Availability on Psychological and Physiological Responses to Social Exclusion
Hunter, J. F., Hooker, E. D., Rohleder, N., & Pressman, S. D. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000568 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-esteem moderates the influence of self-presentation style on Facebook users’ sense of subjective well-being
Jang, W., Bucy, E. P., & Cho, J. M. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.044 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Culture as Situated Cognition
Oyserman, D. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0067 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Cultural Change Over Time: Why Replicability Should Not Be the Gold Standard in Psychological Science
Greenfield, P. M. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617707314 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Technology Habits: Progress, Problems, and Prospects
Bayer, J., & LaRose, R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97529-0_7 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
Help is on the way
Lampe, C. A. C., Gray, R., Fiore, A. T., & Ellison, N. B. (2014) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2531602.2531720 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relationship breakup disclosures and media ideologies on Facebook
Haimson, O. L., Andalibi, N., Choudhury, M. D., & Hayes, G. R. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444817711402 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Social Cognition in the Internet Age: Same As It Ever Was?
Sparrow, B., & Chatman, L. (2013) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2013.827079 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Playful Backstalking and Serious Impression Management
Schoenebeck, S. Y., Ellison, N. B., Blackwell, L., Bayer, J., & Falk, E. B. (2016) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/2818048.2819923 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Gergen versus the mainstream: Are hypotheses in social psychology subject to empirical test?
Wallach, L., & Wallach, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.233 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Same stuff different day:” A mixed-method study of support seeking on Facebook
Blight, M. G., Jagiello, K., & Ruppel, E. K. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.029 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
No place for negative emotions? The effects of message valence, communication channel, and social distance on users’ willingness to respond to SNS status updates
Ziegele, M., & Reinecke, L. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.016 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Who likes to be reachable? Availability preferences, weak ties, and bridging social capital
Triệu, P., Bayer, J., Ellison, N. B., Schoenebeck, S. Y., & Falk, E. B. (2017) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2017.1405060 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Missed Programs (You Can’t TiVo This One): Why Psychologists Should Study Media
Okdie, B. M., Roskos‐Ewoldsen, D. R., Muscanell, N. L., Guadagno, R. E., Eno, C. A., Velez, J. A., Dunn, R. A., O’Mally, J., & Smith, L. R. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614521243 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Small Circles: Mobile Telephony and the Cultivation of the Private Sphere
Ling, R., Bjelland, J., Sundsøy, P., & Campbell, S. W. (2014) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2014.915279 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Social comparisons on Facebook and offline: The relationship to depressive symptoms
Faranda, M., & Roberts, L. D. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.12.012 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Temporary sharing prompts unrestrained disclosures that leave lasting negative impressions
Hofstetter, R., Ruppell, R., & John, L. K. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1706913114 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Understanding and measuring mobile Facebook use: Who, why, and how?
Kuru, O., Bayer, J., Pasek, J., & Campbell, S. W. (2017) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/2050157916678269 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Just between us: Exclusive communications in online social networks
Carpenter, J. M., Green, M., & LaFlam, J. (2018) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2018.1431603 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The paradox of active users
Park, P. S., & Macy, M. W. (2015) · Big Data & Society · doi:10.1177/2053951715606164 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Does Saying This Make Me Look Good?
Wang, Y., Hinsberger, H., & Kraut, R. E. (2016) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2858036.2858502 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-fulfilling prophecies: Perceived reality of online interaction drives expected outcomes of online communication
Clark, J., & Green, M. C. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.031 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The importance of contextual relevance
Sparrow, B. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0411-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Brief History of Individual Addressability
Ling, R. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315276472-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Reflections on Gergen's "Social Psychology as History" in Perspective
Blank, T. (1988) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167288144001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Translating social media psychological research.
Guadagno, R. E., Jones, N. M., Kimbrough, A. M., & Mattu, A. M. (2016) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000087 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Social Comparison Theory
Greenwood, D. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects · doi:10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0089 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Systematic Survey of Control Groups in Behavioral and Social Science Trials
Wang, M., Sun, G., Chang, Y., Jin, Y., Leenus, A., Maaz, M., Li, G., Bhatt, M., Abbade, L. P. F., Nwosu, I., et al. (2017) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731517718940 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Channel Navigation in Interpersonal Communication
Triệu, P., & Ellison, N. B. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315193472-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is Psychology Headed in the Right Direction?
Kross, E. F. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617701184 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Computer-mediated communication, social media, and mental health: a conceptual and empirical meta-review.
Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2021) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650220958224 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
“Instead, identifying key features used for CMC in numerous applications (e.g., status updates, profiles, private messages) should be a more future-proof way to study channels (Bayer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluential
Social Media and Well-Being: Pitfalls, Progress, and Next Steps
Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Sheppes, G., Costello, C. K., Jonides, J., & Ybarra, O. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.10.005 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
“Researchers have made admirable attempts to address social media’s jingle-jangle problem over the years [7,108], but a”
Background
The MAD Model of Moral Contagion: The Role of Motivation, Attention, and Design in the Spread of Moralized Content Online
Brady, W. J., Crockett, M. J., & Van Bavel, J. J. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620917336 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
“…Motivations Social-media platforms have several features that create a different communication and information-consumption experience than face-to-face interactions (see Bayer, Trieˆ∙u, & Ellison, 2020), which has important consequences for the form and function of moralized communications.”
Background
How social learning amplifies moral outrage expression in online social networks
Brady, W. J., McLoughlin, K., Doan, T. N., & Crockett, M. J. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe5641 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Social media use and well-being: What we know and what we need to know
Valkenburg, P. M. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.006 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
The associations of active and passive social media use with well-being: A critical scoping review
Valkenburg, P. M., van Driel, I. I., & Beyens, I. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211065425 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
“Apparently, likes and comments fail to be empirically dichotomized in ASMU and PSMU (Bayer et al., 2020; Carr et al., 2016).”
Background
Social Media Use and Mental Health during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Moderator Role of Disaster Stressor and Mediator Role of Negative Affect
Zhao, N., & Zhou, G. (2020) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12226 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Social media literacy: A conceptual framework
Cho, H., Cannon, J. S., Lopez, R., & Li, W. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448211068530 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
“Users build egocentric social networks comprised of others who share their beliefs and values (Bayer et al., 2020).”
Background
Social Media Use, Stress, and Coping
Wolfers, L. N., & Utz, S. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101305 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Cyberbullying via social media and well-being
Giumetti, G. W., & Kowalski, R. M. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101314 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Mechanisms linking social media use to adolescent mental health vulnerability
Orben, A., Meier, A., Dalgleish, T., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00307-y · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Social comparison and envy on social media: a critical review
Meier, A., & Johnson, B. K. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101302 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Constructing Authenticity on TikTok: Social Norms and Social Support on the "Fun" Platform
Barta, K., & Andalibi, N. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3479574 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Social media and self-esteem
Cingel, D. P., Carter, M. C., & Krause, H.-V. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101304 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Social media browsing and adolescent well-being: challenging the “passive social media use hypothesis”
Valkenburg, P. M., Beyens, I., Pouwels, J. L., van Driel, I. I., & Keijsers, L. (2021) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmab015 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Feeling Authentic on Social Media: Subjective Authenticity Across Instagram Stories and Posts
Kreling, R., Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2022) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051221086235 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“They may be technically similar but their sociocultural usage practices may differ across SNS (for an extended discussion of such generalizability issues, see Bayer et al., 2020; Meier & Reinecke, 2021).”
Background
Why human–AI relationships need socioaffective alignment
Kirk, H. R., Gabriel, I., Summerfield, C., Vidgen, B., & Hale, S. A. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04532-5 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“…and been shaped by many waves of technology (Henderson, 1901) — from the telegraph and tele-phones, which enabled long-distance social connections (Nye, 1997; Winston, 1998), to social media platforms ful ﬁ lling our need for social comparisons and engagement (Bayer et al. 2020; Vogel et al. 2014).”
Why We Don’t Click: Interrogating the Relationship Between Viewing and Clicking in Social Media Contexts by Exploring the “Non-Click”
Ellison, N. B., Triệu, P., Schoenebeck, S. Y., Brewer, R. N., & Israni, A. (2020) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmaa013 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citation
Social media and well-being: A methodological perspective
Parry, D. A., Fisher, J. T., Mieczkowski, H., Sewall, C. J. R., & Davidson, B. I. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.005 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Social media and its impact on health care
Patrick, M. D., Venkatesh, R. D., & Stukus, D. R. (2021) · Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.anai.2021.09.014 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Yes: Affirmative Consent as a Theoretical Framework for Understanding and Imagining Social Platforms
Im, J., Dimond, J. P., Berton, M., Lee, U., Mustelier, K., Ackerman, M. S., & Gilbert, É. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445778 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Video-conferencing usage dynamics and nonverbal mechanisms exacerbate Zoom Fatigue, particularly for women
Fauville, G., Luo, M., Queiroz, A. C. M., Lee, A., Bailenson, J., & Hancock, J. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100271 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“This aligns with previous work that highlights how the perceived context of technology use - such as for work or for socialization - can shape people ’ s psychological experiences (Bayer et al., 2020; Rhee et al., 2021).”
Drug, demon, or donut? Theorizing the relationship between social media use, digital well-being and digital disconnection.
Abeele, M. M. P. V., Halfmann, A., & Lee, E. J. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Building and breaking social media habits
Bayer, J., Anderson, I. A., & Tokunaga, R. S. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101303 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citation
Does Passive Social Media Use Harm Well-Being?: An Adversarial Review
Meier, A., & Krause, H.-V. (2023) · Journal of Media Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000358 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Behavioral contagion on social media: Effects of social norms, design interventions, and critical media literacy on self-disclosure
Masur, P. K., DiFranzo, D. J., & Bazarova, N. N. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254670 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“As a defining feature of almost any SNS platform [29], profile pictures are linked to almost any interaction or communicative act.”
Background
The Relationship between Social Media Use, Stress Symptoms and Burden Caused by Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Germany and Italy: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Investigation
Brailovskaia, J., Cosci, F., Mansueto, G., & Margraf, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100067 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Does social media use make us happy? A meta-analysis on social media and positive well-being outcomes
Marciano, L., Lin, J., Sato, T., Saboor, S., & Viswanath, K. (2024) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100331 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Social Media Information Environments and Their Implications for the Uses and Effects of News: The PINGS Framework
Kümpel, A. S. (2021) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1093/ct/qtab012 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Social by definition: How users define social platforms and why it matters
Rhee, L., Bayer, J., Lee, D. S., & Kuru, O. (2020) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2020.101538 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
How social media usage affects psychological and subjective well-being: testing a moderated mediation model
Zhang, C., Tang, L., & Liu, Z. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01311-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“People of all ages, adults and adolescents, utilize a diverse array of social media platforms to engage in meaningful connections, both in intimate settings with loved ones and in expansive networks encompassing friends, acquaintances, and professional peers [3].”
Background
Instagram as a platform for teacher collaboration and digital social support
Richter, E., Carpenter, J. P., Meyer, A., & Richter, D. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104624 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Problematic use or addiction? A scoping review on conceptual and operational definitions of negative social networking sites use in adolescents
Varona, M. N., Muela, A., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107400 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Social media mindsets: a new approach to understanding social media use and psychological well-being
Lee, A. Y., & Hancock, J. T. (2023) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmad048 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
How photo editing in social media shapes self-perceived attractiveness and self-esteem via self-objectification and physical appearance comparisons
Ozimek, P., Lainas, S., Bierhoff, H., & Rohmann, E. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01143-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“An example of social media are social network sites which are defined by the use of profiles, the embeddedness in networks, and by the use of streams [2].”
Background
The relationship between text message sentiment and self-reported depression
Liu, T., Meyerhoff, J., Eichstaedt, J. C., Karr, C. J., Kaiser, S. M., Kording, K. P., Mohr, D. C., & Ungar, L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.048 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Application usage features were computed as mean daily screen-on durations of aggregated categories informed by the communication field (Bayer et al., 2020): browser, social media, message, and email applications.”
Method
Childhood parental neglect and adolescent internet gaming disorder: From the perspective of a distal—proximal—process—outcome model
Xie, X., Guo, Q., & Wang, P. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105564 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Advancing our understanding of the associations between social media use and well-being.
Valkenburg, P., Beyens, I., Meier, A., & Abeele, M. M. P. V. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101357 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship: A Call for Research to Prospect and Establish the Scholarly AI Frontiers
Obschonka, M., Grégoire, D. A., Nikolaev, B., Ooms, F., Lévesque, M., Pollack, J. M., & Behrend, T. S. (2024) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587241304676 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“The sheer volume of data that mobile phones, social media, and other networked infrastructures can produce each day for research purposes (when used ethically) is staggering (Bayer et al., 2020; Gre´goire et al., 2024; Harari & Gosling, 2023; Zachlod et al., 2022).”
Identity development in the digital context
Soh, S., Talaifar, S., & Harari, G. M. (2024) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12940 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Why can't we be separated from our smartphones? The vital roles of smartphone activity in smartphone separation anxiety
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The Associations of Active and Passive Social Media Use With Well-being: A Critical Scoping ReviewPreprint
Valkenburg, P. M., van Driel, I. I., & Beyens, I. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/j6xqz · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Why Do People Choose Different Social Media Platforms? Linking Use Motives With Social Media Affordances and Personalities
Chen, M., & Peng, A. Y. (2022) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/08944393211049120 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Therefore, researchers have been calling for a more robust approach to tackle this problem (Bayer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Does the Internet Bring People Closer Together or Further Apart? The Impact of Internet Usage on Interpersonal Communications
Li, C., Ning, G., Xia, Y., Guo, K., & Liu, Q. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12110425 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Through online comparisons, people are able to generate benign envy, which is helpful for inspiration [22,31].”
Background
Social Media Use and Its Link to Physical Health Indicators
Lee, D. S., Jiang, T., Crocker, J., & Way, B. M. (2022) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2021.0188 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“43 Thus, we averaged the four items to create a composite social media use variable ( a = 0.57, mean [ M ] = 2.37, standard deviation [ SD ] = 0.85). b C-reactive protein.”
Influential
A Need for Considering Digital Inequality When Studying Social Media Use and Well-Being
Büchi, M., & Hargittai, E. (2022) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051211069125 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“…applications where people can interact with others synchronously or asynchronously, where this interaction is often visible to others, and where much of the content is user-generated (Bayer et al., 2020; Carr & Hayes, 2015; Obar & Wildman, 2015; Papacharissi, 2015; Treem et al., 2016).”
Background
Annual Research Review: Adolescent social media use is not a monolith: toward the study of specific social media components and individual differences
Maheux, A. J., Burnell, K., Maza, M. T., Fox, K. A., Telzer, E. H., & Prinstein, M. J. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14085 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Social Networking Site Use and Loneliness: A Meta-Analysis
Zhang, L., Li, C., Zhou, T., Li, Q., & Gu, C. (2022) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2101420 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“However, participants were often unable to accurately report time spent on SNSs; hence, they were unable to provide more detailed information regarding their online activities (Bayer et al., 2020).”
Background
On social health: history, conceptualization, and population patterning
Doyle, D. M., & Link, B. G. (2024) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2024.2314506 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Undoubtedly, technology is shaping ways in which social relationships are mediated in the current era (Bayer et al., 2020; Kross et al., 2020), which could have implications for social health on a broad scale.”
Background
The relationship between fear of missing out, digital technology use, and psychological well-being: A scoping review of conceptual and empirical issues
Groenestein, E., Willemsen, L. M., van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Ket, J. C. F., & Kerkhof, P. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308643 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The lack of uniformity in definitions and measurement tools may lead to variability in research outcomes and interpretations [8].”
Distress Disclosure across Social Media Platforms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Untangling the Effects of Platforms, Affordances, and Audiences
Zhang, R., Bazarova, N. N., & Reddy, M. C. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445134 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Social media and close relationships: a puzzle of connection and disconnection
Taylor, S. H., Zhao, P., & Bazarova, N. N. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
In Their Own Words: How Adolescents Use Social Media and How It Affects Them
van der Wal, A., Valkenburg, P. M., & van Driel, I. I. (2024) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051241248591 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Critical measurement issues in the assessment of social media influence on body image
Jarman, H. K., McLean, S. A., Griffiths, S., Teague, S. J., Rodgers, R. F., Paxton, S. J., Austen, E., Harris, E., Steward, T., Shatte, A., et al. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.007 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
NeedFull – a Tweet Analysis Platform to Study Human Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York State
Long, Z., Alharthi, R., & Saddik, A. E. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3011123 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“1 Since social media is becoming a more and more important part of people’s daily life [3], exploring and mining social big data to understand people’s various affective states is significant and meaningful.”
Background
Who uses what and how often?: Personality predictors of multiplatform social media use among young adults
Vaid, S. S., & Harari, G. M. (2020) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The effects of social media abstinence on affective well-being and life satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lemahieu, L., Zwalmen, Y. V., Mennes, M., Koster, E. H. W., Abeele, M. V., & Poels, K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-90984-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Transformative or Not? How Privacy Violation Experiences Influence Online Privacy Concerns and Online Information Disclosure
Masur, P. K., & Trepte, S. (2020) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1093/hcr/hqaa012 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
No effect of different types of media on well-being
Johannes, N., Dienlin, T., Bakhshi, H., & Przybylski, A. K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03218-7 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Second, we treated missing values as zero in subsequent waves when (1) participants reported not having used a medium or (2) reported that their use remained the same after they had not used a medium in the previous wave.”
Method
Re-start social media, but how?
Dhawan, S., Hegelich, S., Sindermann, C., & Montag, C. (2022) · Telematics and Informatics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.teler.2022.100017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Private Responses for Public Sharing: Understanding Self-Presentation and Relational Maintenance via Stories in Social Media
Triệu, P., & Baym, N. K. (2020) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376549 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Digital Flourishing: Conceptualizing and Assessing Positive Perceptions of Mediated Social Interactions
Janicke‐Bowles, S. H., Buckley, T. M., Rey, R. T., Wozniak, T. R., Meier, A., & Lomanowska, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-023-00619-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“This severely limits their generalizability and requires constant (re-)invention of self-report scales once the predominant communication technologies—the channels—inevitably change (Bayer et al., 2020 ).”
Background
Social Media Browsing and Adolescent Well-Being: Challenging the “Passive Social Media Use Hypothesis”Preprint
Valkenburg, P. M., Beyens, I., Pouwels, J. L., van Driel, I. I., & Keijsers, L. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gzu3y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“The results of the two studies of Beyens et al. (2020, 2021) concur with the observations from several authors who have recently criticized the active & passive dichotomy in SM research (e.g., Bayer et al., 2020; Ellison et al., 2020; Kross et al., 2020; Valkenburg et al., 2021).”
Result
Societal benefits of river restoration – Implications from social media analysis
Kaiser, N. N., Ghermandi, A., Feld, C. K., Hershkovitz, Y., Palt, M., & Stoll, S. (2021) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101317 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Social Media as a Pathway to Leisure: Digital Leisure Culture among New Mothers with Young Children in Taiwan
Ho, C.-H., & Cho, Y.-H. (2021) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2021.2007823 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Several communication studies have highlighted that social media has gradually become a central means of mass communication to meet users ’ needs and desires (Bayer et al., 2020; Jenkins et al., 2015; Obar & Wildman, 2015; Phillips, 2008).”
Background
The situation in media and communication research
Schnauber-Stockmann, A., Bayer, J., Harari, G. M., & Karnowski, V. (2024) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1093/ct/qtae021 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Computational personality assessment
Stachl, C., Boyd, R. L., Horstmann, K. T., Khambatta, P., Matz, S., & Harari, G. M. (2021) · Personality Science · doi:10.5964/ps.6115 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Social media (SM) has become an integral part of the lives of millions of people around the world (Bayer et al., 2020).”
Background
National Health Guidelines for Social Connection: What Is the Evidence in Support and What Might the Guidelines Say?
Holt‐Lunstad, J. (2023) · Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1177/23727322221150204 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“However, it is challenging for the scientific evidence to keep up with rapid technological changes and the myriad of factors that may have meaningful moderating effects (Bayer et al., 2020).”
Background
Exploitation–Exploration Model of Media Multitasking
Wiradhany, W., Baumgartner, S. E., & de Bruin, A. B. H. (2021) · Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications · doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000303 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…the Internet and social media, provide multiple affordances: novel information, social connection, and mass and rapid communication, to name a few (Bayer et al., 2020 ; Loh & Kanai, 2016 ), and thus, the presence of multimedia devices alone may increase one ’ s propensity to explore, especially…”
Theoretical Foundations of Social Media Uses and Effects
Valkenburg, P. M. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108976237.004 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Positive digital communication among youth: The development and validation of the digital flourishing scale for adolescents
Rosič, J., Janicke‐Bowles, S. H., Carbone, L., Lobe, B., & Vandenbosch, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.975557 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“, status update and private messenger) rather than experiences or behaviors that are communication centered and thus shared across devices, applications, and features (11, 12).”
Background
The problem with the internet: An affordance-based approach for psychological research on networked technologies
Brown, O., Smith, L. G. E., Davidson, B. I., & Ellis, D. A. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103650 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Association Between Neuroticism and Problematic Social Networking Sites Use: The Role of Fear of Missing out and Self-Control
Gugushvili, N., Täht, K., Schruff-Lim, E.-M., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Verduyn, P. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221142003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“For example, SNS allow people to present themselves (Hollenbaugh, 2021; Seidman, 2013) and communicate with others (Bayer et al., 2020).”
Background
Encountering and Correcting Misinformation on WhatsApp
Kuru, O., Campbell, S. W., Bayer, J., Baruh, L., & Ling, R. S. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119714491.ch7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
To use or be used? The role of agency in social media use and well-being
Lee, A. Y., Ellison, N. B., & Hancock, J. T. (2023) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2023.1123323 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Knowing more about how platforms function may be particularly important as “social media” comes to encompass an increasingly broad set of technologies, ranging from conventional feed-based platforms like Twitter to video- and game-based platforms like TikTok and Roblox (Bayer et al., 2020)–each of which presents uniqu…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Worth to Share? How Content Characteristics and Article Competitiveness Influence News Sharing on Social Network Sites
Karnowski, V., Leiner, D. J., Kümpel, A. S., & Leonhard, L. (2020) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1077699020940340 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Finally, like all research dealing with media behaviors tied to SNSs, this study has a “moving-target problem” (Bayer et al., 2020, p. 485); that is, the tools, platforms, and practices we study change constantly.”
Background
How strong is the association between social media use and false consensus?
Bunker, C. J., & Varnum, M. E. W. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106947 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Social Media and Mental Health
Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197520536.003.0012 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Buffering against exposure to mental health misinformation in online communities on Facebook: the interplay of depression literacy and expert moderation
Bizzotto, N., de Bruijn, G., & Schulz, P. J. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16404-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Furthermore, as claimed by Bayer and colleagues [67], as social media will continue to iterate, emerging research can extrapolate the findings from one platform to other platforms such as that “even when a platform is decommis-sioned, findings linked to its elements can be compared to future…”
Background
Scholarship on well-being and social media: A sociotechnical perspective
Ellison, N. B., Pyle, C., & Jessica Vitak, B. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101340 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Connected at Sea: The Influence of the Internet and Online Communication on the Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Cruise Ship Employees
Radić, A., Ariza‐Montes, A., Hernández‐Perlines, F., & Giorgi, G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17082840 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Are gender differences in the Big Five the same on social media as offline?
Bunker, C. J., Saysavanh, S. E., & Kwan, V. S. Y. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100085 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Social media repertoires: Social structure and platform use
Matassi, M., Mitchelstein, E., & Boczkowski, P. J. (2022) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/01972243.2022.2028208 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“This type of insight is especially relevant when rapid innovation and diffusion cycles in communication technology (Bayer, Triệu, and Ellison 2020) might see size and composition of social media repertoires vary also relatively rapidly.”
Background
The Inversion Problem: Why Algorithms Should Infer Mental State and Not Just Predict Behavior
Kleinberg, J. M., Ludwig, J., Mullainathan, S., & Raghavan, M. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231212138 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Take the case of content on social media, which of course has itself been the subject of a great deal of research in behavioral science (see, e.g., Allcott et al., 2022; Bayer et al., 2020; Hunt et al., 2018; Neubaum & Krämer, 2017; Vogel et al., 2014).”
Plurality in the Measurement of Social Media Use and Mental Health: An Exploratory Study Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Petalas, D. P., Konijn, E., Johnson, B. K., Veldhuis, J., de Vaate, N. A. J. D. B., Burgers, C., Droog, E., Miedzobrodzka, E., Bálint, K., & van de Schoot, R. (2021) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/20563051211035353 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This is because SMU is characterized by a range of behaviors such as liking, posting, sharing, following, reacting, commenting, and consuming media-related content via a networking service (Bayer et al., 2020; Jenkins-Guarnieri et al., 2013).”
Who benefits most from using social media, the socially rich or the socially poor?
Pouwels, J. L., Keijsers, L., & Odgers, C. L. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101351 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Envy, Social Comparison, and Depression on Social Networking Sites: A Systematic Review
Carraturo, F., di Perna, T., Giannicola, V., Nacchia, M. A., Pepe, M., Muzii, B., Bottone, M., Sperandeo, R., Bochicchio, V., Maldonato, N., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe13020027 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Despite the attractiveness of this hypothesis, the complexity and limitations of the current evidence should not be overlooked [29,43], and it should be noted that depending on the type of envy elicited (e.”
Background
How should we investigate variation in the relation between social media and well-being?Preprint
Johannes, N., Masur, P. K., Vuorre, M., & Przybylski, A. (2021) · Meta-Psychology · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xahbg · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…media use and the average user’s well-being is close to zero and below any threshold for harm that would require intervention (Appel et al., 2020; Bayer et al., 2020; Dickson et al., 2019; Dienlin & Johannes, 2020; Kross et al., 2021; Odgers & Jensen, 2020; Orben, 2020b; Valkenburg, 2022;…”
Background
Platform affordances, discursive opportunities, and social media activism: A cross-platform analysis of #MeToo on Twitter, Facebook, and Reddit, 2017–2020
Li, M., Suk, J., Zhang, Y., Pevehouse, J. C. W., Sun, Y., Kwon, H., Lian, R., Wang, R., Dong, X., & Shah, D. V. (2024) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448241285562 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Instead of assuming rigid boundaries between platforms, it is important to consider that platforms are interconnected; multiple digital media platforms co-constitute an environment that facilitates or limits citizens’ discursive practices (Bayer et al., 2020).”
The Relationship between Problematic Facebook Use and Early Maladaptive Schemas
Cudo, A., Mącik, D., Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9123921 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Moreover, it should be noted that social media such as Facebook allows users to post, comment, and like content [52].”
Background
Social media multitasking (SMM) and well-being: Existing evidence and future directions
Xu, S., Wang, Z., & David, P. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101345 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Effects of Social Media Consumption on Adolescent Psychological Well-Being
Fumagalli, E., Shrum, L. J., & Lowrey, T. M. (2023) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/728739 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“One problem in interpreting research ﬁ ndings on social media use effects is a lack of consensus on the de ﬁ nition of social media (Bayer, Tri ệ u, and Ellison 2020; Meier and Reinecke 2021).”
Background
Social Media and Adolescent Mental Health
Yue, Z., & Rich, M. (2023) · Current Pediatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s40124-023-00298-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“They began to see social media as online platforms that allow for sharing user-generated content and fostering interaction [18, 19].”
Social media use in the context of the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework
Carter, M. C., Cingel, D. P., Ruiz, J. B., & Wartella, E. A. (2022) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqac038 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Momentary motivations for digital disconnection: an experience sampling study
Klingelhoefer, J., Gilbert, A., & Meier, A. (2024) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmae013 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Adolescents and Trust in Online Social Interactions: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Colí, E., Paciello, M., Lamponi, E., Calella, R., & Falcone, R. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10081408 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Online adolescents share their thoughts and moods with close friends [17], and at the same time, social media facilitates the emergence of new relationships [18].”
Background
Government Website Performance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Study of Yogyakarta and South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Baharuddin, T., Qodir, Z., & Loilatu, M. J. (2022) · Journal of Governance and Public Policy · doi:10.18196/jgpp.v9i2.11474 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The effect of trait mindfulness on social media rumination: Upward social comparison as a moderated mediator
Gu, C., Liu, S., & Chen, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931572 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Nowadays, self-esteem has been catching the attention of social media researchers as it is deeply entangled with the social comparison process, playing the role as one of the key psychological phenomena related to social media use (Bayer et al., 2020).”
Background
The interplay between social media use and problematic internet usage: Four behavioral patterns
Chemnad, K., Aziz, M., Belhaouari, S. B., & Ali, R. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15745 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Prototyping for Social Wellbeing with Early Social Media Users
Charmaraman, L., & Delcourt, C. G. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445332 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…these platforms: profle pages require conscious self-presentation in ways that may threaten authenticity; network efects and large audiences may increase feelings of loneliness; social comparison through activity streams can incite envy; and always-on conversations feed the attention economy [6].”
Background

Authors: Bayer, J. B., Triệu, P., & Ellison, N. B.
Affiliations: The Ohio State University (US)
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID: Bayer, Joseph B.
Triệu, Penny
Ellison, Nicole B.
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2020-01-04
Volume: 71
Issue: 1
Pages: 471-497
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050944
OpenAlex: W2973059560
Cited by: 410
References: 161
Citations by year: 2026: 65 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 19
FWCI: 8.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Media and Digital Communication
Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
Keywords: social media, social networking sites, self-presentation, social networks, social mobilization, social comparison, social connectedness, social interaction
MeSH terms: Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Psychology, Social, Social Media

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