Cited by 1,122Iron Metabolism and DisordersFerroptosis and cancer prognosisNeurological diseases and metabolism

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Systemic Iron Homeostasis

Ganz, Tomas·2013·Physiological Reviews

DOI 10.1152/physrev.00008.2013

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Abstract

The iron hormone hepcidin and its receptor and cellular iron exporter ferroportin control the major fluxes of iron into blood plasma: intestinal iron absorption, the delivery of recycled iron from macrophages, and the release of stored iron from hepatocytes. Because iron losses are comparatively very small, iron absorption and its regulation by hepcidin and ferroportin determine total body iron content. Hepcidin is in turn feedback-regulated by plasma iron concentration and iron stores, and negatively regulated by the activity of erythrocyte precursors, the dominant consumers of iron. Hepcidin and ferroportin also play a role in host defense and inflammation, and hepcidin synthesis is induced by inflammatory signals including interleukin-6 and activin B. This review summarizes and discusses recent progress in molecular characterization of systemic iron homeostasis and its disorders, and identifies areas for further investigation.

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ER Stress Controls Iron Metabolism Through Induction of Hepcidin
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“Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a pathological signal that modulates hepcidin synthesis, via cAMP response element-binding protein H (CREBH), an ER stress-activated transcription factor and the stress-inducible transcription factor and through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) (173,…”
Background
Alcohol Metabolism-mediated Oxidative Stress Down-regulates Hepcidin Transcription and Leads to Increased Duodenal Iron Transporter Expression
Harrison-Findik, D. D., Schafer, D., Klein, E., Timchenko, N. A., Kulaksiz, H., Clemens, D. L., Fein, E., Andriopoulos, B., Pantopoulos, K., & Gollan, J. L. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m602098200 · Cited by 308
Synthetic hepcidin causes rapid dose-dependent hypoferremia and is concentrated in ferroportin-containing organs
Rivera, S., Nemeth, E., Gabayan, V., Lopez, M. A., Farshidi, D., & Ganz, T. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1766 · Cited by 308
Self-citation
Membrane-bound serine protease matriptase-2 (Tmprss6) is an essential regulator of iron homeostasis
Folgueras, A. R., de Lara, F. M., Pendás, A. M., Garabaya, C., Rodríguez, F. J., Astudillo, A., Bernal, T., Cabanillas, R., López-Otı́n, C., & Velasco, G. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-04-149773 · Cited by 300
Iron-regulatory proteins limit hypoxia-inducible factor-2α expression in iron deficiency
Sanchez, M., Galy, B., Muckenthaler, M. U., & Hentze, M. W. (2007) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb1222 · Cited by 294
Hepcidin regulation by innate immune and infectious stimuli
Armitage, A. E., Eddowes, L. A., Gileadi, U., Cole, S., Spottiswoode, N., Selvakumar, T. A., Ho, L.-P., Townsend, A. R. M., & Drakesmith, H. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-04-351957 · Cited by 294
A ferroportin transcript that lacks an iron-responsive element enables duodenal and erythroid precursor cells to evade translational repression
Zhang, D.-L., Hughes, R. M., Ollivierre-Wilson, H., Ghosh, M. C., & Rouault, T. A. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.03.006 · Cited by 281
Decreased Liver Hepcidin Expression in the Hfe Knockout Mouse
Ahmad, K. A., Ahmann, J. R., Migas, M. C., Waheed, A., Britton, R. S., Bacon, B. R., Sly, W. S., & Fleming, R. E. (2002) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1006/bcmd.2002.0575 · Cited by 276
The N-terminus of hepcidin is essential for its interaction with ferroportin: structure-function study
Nemeth, E., Preza, G. C., Jung, C.-L., Kaplan, J., Waring, A. J., & Ganz, T. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-05-2049 · Cited by 273 · cited 3×
“terminal hepcidin segment of six amino acids is highly conserved, unstructured, and essential for the iron-regulatory function of hepcidin and its interaction with its receptor ferroportin (161).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Substrate Profile and Metal-ion Selectivity of Human Divalent Metal-ion Transporter-1
Illing, A. C., Shawki, A., Cunningham, C. L., & Mackenzie, B. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.364208 · Cited by 270
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Mediates the Adaptive Increase of Intestinal Ferroportin During Iron Deficiency in Mice
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Antimicrobial peptides important in innate immunity
Cederlund, A., Gudmundsson, G. H., & Agerberth, B. (2011) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08302.x · Cited by 264
Resistance to hepcidin is conferred by hemochromatosis-associated mutations of ferroportin
Drakesmith, H., Schimanski, L. M., Ormerod, E., Merryweather-Clarke, A. T., Viprakasit, V., Edwards, J. P., Sweetland, E., Bastin, J. M., Cowley, D., Chinthammitr, Y., et al. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-02-0561 · Cited by 264 · cited 1×
“On the ferroportin side, identification of the potential receptor site was greatly aided by the discovery of an informative family which manifested resistance to hepcidin as a result of an isosteric C326S substitution in ferroportin (63, 67, 218, 219), located in an extracellular loop (FIGURE 4) in both of the reasona…”
Background
Release of iron from ferritin requires lysosomal activity
Kidane, T. Z., Sauble, E., & Linder, M. C. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00505.2005 · Cited by 263 · cited 1×
“Exit of iron from ferritin may occur through gated pores or by autophagy and lysosomal degradation of ferritin (129, 240).”
Background
Hepcidin mRNA levels in mouse liver respond to inhibition of erythropoiesis
Vokurka, M., Krijt, J., Šulc, K., & Nečas, E. (2006) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.930841 · Cited by 263
Hepatitis C virus-induced reactive oxygen species raise hepatic iron level in mice by reducing hepcidin transcription
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Tissue distribution and clearance kinetics of non-transferrin-bound iron in the hypotransferrinemic mouse: a rodent model for hemochromatosis
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Targeted disruption of the hepcidin 1 gene results in severe hemochromatosis
Lesbordes-Brion, J.-C., Viatte, L., Bennoun, M., Lou, D.-Q., Ramey, G., Houbron, C., Hamard, G., Kahn, A., & Vaulont, S. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-003376 · Cited by 257
Identification and expression analysis of hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides in bony fish
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Antihepcidin antibody treatment modulates iron metabolism and is effective in a mouse model of inflammation-induced anemia
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Expression of hepcidin in hereditary hemochromatosis: evidence for a regulation in response to the serum transferrin saturation and to non-transferrin-bound iron
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Expression of hepcidin is down-regulated in TfR2 mutant mice manifesting a phenotype of hereditary hemochromatosis
Kawabata, H., Fleming, R. E., Gui, D., Moon, S. Y., Saitoh, T., O’Kelly, J., Umehara, Y., Wano, Y., SAID, J. W., & Koeffler, H. P. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-04-1416 · Cited by 243
Competitive regulation of hepcidin mRNA by soluble and cell-associated hemojuvelin
Lin, L., Goldberg, Y. P., & Ganz, T. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-05-1845 · Cited by 241
Self-citation
Erythropoietin mediates hepcidin expression in hepatocytes through EPOR signaling and regulation of C/EBPα
Pinto, J. P., Ribeiro, S., Pontes, H., Thowfeequ, S., Tosh, D., Carvalho, F. D., & Porto, G. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-08-106195 · Cited by 239
Diferric transferrin regulates transferrin receptor 2 protein stability
Johnson, M. B., & Enns, C. A. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-06-2477 · Cited by 235
Evidence for distinct pathways of hepcidin regulation by acute and chronic iron loading in mice
Ramos, E., Kautz, L., Rodriguez, R., Hansen, M., Gabayan, V. R., Ginzburg, Y. Z., Roth, M., Nemeth, E., & Ganz, T. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24178 · Cited by 235
Self-citation
Posttranslational processing of hepcidin in human hepatocytes is mediated by the prohormone convertase furin.
Valore, E. V., & Ganz, T. (2008) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.07.009 · Cited by 234
Self-citation
Minihepcidins are rationally designed small peptides that mimic hepcidin activity in mice and may be useful for the treatment of iron overload
Preza, G. C., Ruchala, P., Pinon, R., Ramos, E., Qiao, B., Peralta, M. A., Sharma, S., Waring, A., Ganz, T., & Nemeth, E. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci57693 · Cited by 234
Self-citation
Host-mediated regulation of superinfection in malaria
Portugal, S., Carret, C., Recker, M., Armitage, A. E., Gonçalves, L. A., Epiphanio, S., Sullivan, D., Roy, C., Newbold, C. I., Drakesmith, H., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2368 · Cited by 232
Hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression via a selective subset of BMP ligands and receptors independently of neogenin
Xia, Y. Y., Babitt, J. L., Sidis, Y., Chung, R. T., & Lin, H. Y.-F. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-09-111567 · Cited by 230
Expression and localization of hepcidin in macrophages: a role in host defense against tuberculosis
Sow, F. B., Florence, W. C., Satoskar, A. R., Schlesinger, L. S., Zwilling, B. S., & Lafuse, W. P. (2007) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0407216 · Cited by 229
Down-regulation of hepcidin resulting from long-term treatment with an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab) improves anemia of inflammation in multicentric Castleman disease
Song, S.-N. J., Tomosugi, N., Kawabata, H., Ishikawa, T., Nishikawa, T., & Yoshizaki, K. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-03-271791 · Cited by 228
Zip14 is a complex broad-scope metal-ion transporter whose functional properties support roles in the cellular uptake of zinc and nontransferrin-bound iron
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Hepcidin as a therapeutic tool to limit iron overload and improve anemia in β-thalassemic mice
Gardenghi, S., Ramos, P., Marongiu, M. F., Melchiori, L., Breda, L., Guy, E., Muirhead, K., Rao, N., Roy, C. N., Andrews, N. C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci41717 · Cited by 220
Hepcidin Revisited, Disulfide Connectivity, Dynamics, and Structure
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Minihepcidins prevent iron overload in a hepcidin-deficient mouse model of severe hemochromatosis
Ramos, E., Ruchala, P., Goodnough, J. B., Kautz, L., Preza, G. C., Nemeth, E., & Ganz, T. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-07-440743 · Cited by 213
Self-citation
Combined deletion of Hfe and transferrin receptor 2 in mice leads to marked dysregulation of hepcidin and iron overload†
Wallace, D. F., Summerville, L., Crampton, E. M., Frazer, D. M., Anderson, G. J., & Subramaniam, V. N. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23198 · Cited by 212
Hepcidin Expression in the Liver: Relatively Low Level in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Fujita, N., Sugimoto, R., Takeo, M., Urawa, N., Mifuji, R., Tanaka, H., Kobayashi, Y., Iwasa, M., Watanabe, S., Adachi, Y., et al. (2007) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/2006-00057.fujita · Cited by 211
Regulation of transferrin receptor 2 protein levels by transferrin
Robb, A., & Wessling‐Resnick, M. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-06-2481 · Cited by 208
The mitochondrial heme exporter FLVCR1b mediates erythroid differentiation
Chiabrando, D., Marro, S. G., Mercurio, S., Giorgi, C., Petrillo, S., Vinchi, F., Fiorito, V., Fagoonee, S., Camporeale, A., Turco, E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci62422 · Cited by 206
An RNAi therapeutic targeting Tmprss6 decreases iron overload in Hfe−/− mice and ameliorates anemia and iron overload in murine β-thalassemia intermedia
Schmidt, P. J., Toudjarska, I., Sendamarai, A. K., Racie, T., Milstein, S., Bettencourt, B. R., Hettinger, J., Bumcrot, D., & Fleming, M. D. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-09-453977 · Cited by 204
Managed care for viruses
Crystal, R. G. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0497-383 · Cited by 204
Hepcidin targets ferroportin for degradation in hepatocytes
Ramey, G., Deschemin, J., Durel, B., Canonne‐Hergaux, F., Nicolas, G., & Vaulont, S. (2009) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2009.014399 · Cited by 201
The hemochromatosis proteins HFE, TfR2, and HJV form a membrane-associated protein complex for hepcidin regulation
D’Alessio, F., Hentze, M. W., & Muckenthaler, M. U. (2012) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.06.015 · Cited by 200
Correction of the Iron Overload Defect in β-2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice by Lactoferrin Abolishes Their Increased Susceptibility to Tuberculosis
Schaible, U. E., Collins, H. L., Priem, F., & Kaufmann, S. H. E. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20020897 · Cited by 198
Hepcidin mediates transcriptional changes that modulate acute cytokine-induced inflammatory responses in mice
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Serum and liver iron differently regulate the bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6)-SMAD signaling pathway in mice
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Hepcidin levels in humans are correlated with hepatic iron stores, hemoglobin levels, and hepatic function
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Association of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Increased Dietary Iron
Gangaidzo, I. T., Moyo, V. M., Mvundura, E., Aggrey, G., Murphree, N. L., Khumalo, H., Saungweme, T., Kasvosve, I., Gomo, Z. A. R., Rouault, T., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/323203 · Cited by 191
Pharmacologic inhibition of hepcidin expression reverses anemia of chronic inflammation in rats
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Cybrd1 (duodenal cytochrome b) is not necessary for dietary iron absorption in mice
Gunshin, H., Starr, C. N., DiRenzo, C., Fleming, M. D., Jin, J., Greer, E. L., Sellers, V. M., Galica, S. M., & Andrews, N. C. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-02-0716 · Cited by 188
The molecular defect in hypotransferrinemic mice
Trenor, C. C., Campagna, D. R., Sellers, V. M., Andrews, N. C., & Fleming, M. D. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.3.1113 · Cited by 187
A mutation in the TMPRSS6 gene, encoding a transmembrane serine protease that suppresses hepcidin production, in familial iron deficiency anemia refractory to oral iron
Melis, M. A., Cau, M., Congiu, R., Sole, G., Barella, S., Cao, A., Westerman, M., Cazzola, M., & Galanello, R. (2008) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.13342 · Cited by 186
The hemochromatosis protein HFE competes with transferrin for binding to the transferrin receptor 1 1Edited by I. A. Wilson
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Perturbation of hepcidin expression by BMP type I receptor deletion induces iron overload in mice
Steinbicker, A. U., Bartnikas, T. B., Isbell, L. K., Leyton, P., Mayeur, C., Kao, S. M., Pappas, A. E., Peterson, R. T., Bloch, D. B., Yu, P. B., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-03-339952 · Cited by 181
Iron, Meat and Health
Geissler, C. A., & Singh, M. K. (2011) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu3030283 · Cited by 180
Induction of activin B by inflammatory stimuli up-regulates expression of the iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin through Smad1/5/8 signaling
Besson-Fournier, C., Latour, C., Kautz, L., Bertrand, J., Ganz, T., Roth, M.-P., & Coppin, H. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-02-411470 · Cited by 179
Self-citation
Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide transgenic mice exhibit features of the anemia of inflammation
Roy, C. N., Mak, H. H., Akpan, I., Losyev, G., Zurakowski, D., & Andrews, N. C. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-10-051755 · Cited by 178
Localization of iron metabolism–related mRNAs in rat liver indicate that HFE is expressed predominantly in hepatocytes
Zhang, A., Xiong, S., Tsukamoto, H., & Enns, C. A. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-07-2378 · Cited by 175
Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling attenuates anemia associated with inflammation
Steinbicker, A. U., Sachidanandan, C., Vonner, A. J., Yusuf, R. Z., Deng, D. Y., Lai, C. S., Rauwerdink, K. M., Winn, J. C., Saez, B., Cook, C. M., et al. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-10-313064 · Cited by 173
The Hepcidin-Ferroportin System as a Therapeutic Target in Anemias and Iron Overload Disorders
Ganz, T., & Nemeth, E. (2011) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.538 · Cited by 172
Self-citation
The molecular basis of hepcidin-resistant hereditary hemochromatosis
Fernandes, A. O., Preza, G. C., Phung, Y., Domenico, I. D., Kaplan, J., Ganz, T., & Nemeth, E. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-146134 · Cited by 172
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Urinary hepcidin in congenital chronic anemias
Kearney, S. L., Nemeth, E., Neufeld, E. J., Thapa, D., Ganz, T., Weinstein, D. A., & Cunningham, M. J. (2007) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.20616 · Cited by 172
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Hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor-2 down-regulates hepcidin expression in mice through an erythropoietin-mediated increase in erythropoiesis
Mastrogiannaki, M., Matak, P., Mathieu, J. R. R., Delga, S., Mayeux, P., Vaulont, S., & Peyssonnaux, C. (2011) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.056119 · Cited by 171
Reduced serum hepcidin levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Girelli, D., Pasino, M., Goodnough, J. B., Nemeth, E., Guido, M., Castagna, A., Busti, F., Campostrini, N., Martinelli, N., Vantini, I., et al. (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.06.027 · Cited by 169
Self-citation
Characterization of the iron transporter DMT1 (NRAMP2/DCT1) in red blood cells of normal and anemic mk/mkmice
Canonne-Hergaux, F., Zhang, A.-S., Ponka, P., & Gros, P. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v98.13.3823 · Cited by 169
Nramp1 promotes efficient macrophage recycling of iron following erythrophagocytosis in vivo
Soe-Lin, S., Apte, S. S., Andriopoulos, B., Andrews, M. C., Schranzhofer, M., Kahawita, T., Garcia-Santos, D., & Ponka, P. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900808106 · Cited by 167
Hepcidins in amphibians and fishes: Antimicrobial peptides or iron-regulatory hormones?
Shi, J. N., & Camus, A. C. (2005) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2005.10.009 · Cited by 167
Down-regulation of Bmp/Smad signaling by Tmprss6 is required for maintenance of systemic iron homeostasis
Finberg, K. E., Whittlesey, R. L., Fleming, M. D., & Andrews, N. C. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-05-224808 · Cited by 167
Unexpected role of ceruloplasmin in intestinal iron absorption
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Deletion of TMPRSS6 attenuates the phenotype in a mouse model of β-thalassemia
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Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-responsive elements located in the proximal and distal hepcidin promoter are critical for its response to HJV/BMP/SMAD
Casanovas, G., Mleczko-Sanecka, K., Altamura, S., Hentze, M. W., & Muckenthaler, M. U. (2009) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-009-0447-2 · Cited by 161
The effects of the anti-hepcidin Spiegelmer NOX-H94 on inflammation-induced anemia in cynomolgus monkeys
Schwoebel, F., van Eijk, L. T., Zboralski, D., Sell, S., Buchner, K., Maasch, C., Purschke, W. G., Humphrey, M., Zöllner, S., Eulberg, D., et al. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-09-456756 · Cited by 158
Role of alcohol in the regulation of iron metabolism
Harrison-Findik, D. D. (2007) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i37.4925 · Cited by 156
Heparin: a potent inhibitor of hepcidin expression in vitro and in vivo
Poli, M., Girelli, D., Campostrini, N., Maccarinelli, F., Finazzi, D., Luscieti, S., Nai, A., & Arosio, P. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-06-289082 · Cited by 148
Autosomal dominant hereditary hemochromatosis associated with a novel ferroportin mutation and unique clinical features
Sham, R. L., Phatak, P. D., West, C., Lee, P., Andrews, C., & Beutler, E. (2005) · Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2004.12.002 · Cited by 146
A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-responsive element in the hepcidin promoter controls HFE2-mediated hepatic hepcidin expression and its response to IL-6 in cultured cells
Verga Falzacappa, M. V., Casanovas, G., Hentze, M. W., & Muckenthaler, M. U. (2008) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-008-0313-7 · Cited by 146
Molecular Mechanism of Hepcidin-Mediated Ferroportin Internalization Requires Ferroportin Lysines, Not Tyrosines or JAK-STAT
Ross, S. L., Tran, L., Winters, A., Lee, K.-J., Plewa, C., Foltz, I., King, C., Miranda, L. P., Allen, J., Beckman, H., et al. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.017 · Cited by 145
Self-citation
Juvenile hemochromatosis associated with pathogenic mutations of adult hemochromatosis genes
Pietrangelo, A., Caleffi, A., Henrion, J., Ferrara, F., Corradini, E., Kulaksiz, H., Stremmel, W., Andreoné, P., & Garuti, C. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.057 · Cited by 145
Neogenin inhibits HJV secretion and regulates BMP-induced hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis
Lee, D., Zhou, L.-J., Zhou, Z., Xie, J., Jung, J.-U., Liu, Y., Xi, C.-X., Mei, L., & Xiong, W. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-11-251199 · Cited by 145
The Iron Efflux Protein Ferroportin Regulates the Intracellular Growth of Salmonella enterica
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THE TURNOVER OF THE EPITHELIUM OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
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Authors: Ganz, T.
Affiliations: University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author: Ganz, Tomas
ORCID: Ganz, Tomas
Venue: Physiological Reviews
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 2013-10
Volume: 93
Issue: 4
Pages: 1721-1741
ISSN: 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
1522-1210
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2013
OpenAlex: W2170885365
Cited by: 1,122
References: 282
Citations by year: 2026: 77 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 12.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Physiological Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
Keywords: iron homeostasis, hepcidin, ferroportin, intestinal iron absorption, erythroid precursors, inflammation, interleukin-6, activin B, iron deficiency, iron overload
MeSH terms: Ferroportin, Amino Acid Sequence, Hemostasis, Humans, Iron, Macrophages, Molecular Sequence Data, Hepatocytes, Cation Transport Proteins, Hepcidins

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