Understanding the Mysterious M2 Macrophage through Activation Markers and Effector Mechanisms

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Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas

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Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes

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The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment

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A Lineage of Myeloid Cells Independent of Myb and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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What we talk about when we talk about fat

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Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors

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The cellular and signaling networks linking the immune system and metabolism in disease

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Embryonic and Adult-Derived Resident Cardiac Macrophages Are Maintained through Distinct Mechanisms at Steady State and during Inflammation

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Tumour-associated macrophages are a distinct M2 polarised population promoting tumour progression: Potential targets of anti-cancer therapy

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Macrophage Polarization in Bacterial Infections

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Constant replenishment from circulating monocytes maintains the macrophage pool in the intestine of adult mice

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Trophic macrophages in development and disease

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Alternatively activated macrophages produce catecholamines to sustain adaptive thermogenesis

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Inflammation and Lipid Signaling in the Etiology of Insulin Resistance

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Eosinophils and Type 2 Cytokine Signaling in Macrophages Orchestrate Development of Functional Beige Fat

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Anti-inflammatory M2, but not pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote angiogenesis in vivo

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Alternative M2 Activation of Kupffer Cells by PPARδ Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance

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Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation

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Possible involvement of the M2 anti‐inflammatory macrophage phenotype in growth of human gliomas

Komohara, Y., Ohnishi, K., Kuratsu, J., & Takeya, M. (2008) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.2370 · Cited by 738

Arginase: an emerging key player in the mammalian immune system

Munder, M. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00291.x · Cited by 725

Apoptotic Cells Promote Their Own Clearance and Immune Tolerance through Activation of the Nuclear Receptor LXR

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FIZZ1, a novel cysteine‐rich secreted protein associated with pulmonary inflammation, defines a new gene family

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Macrophage phenotypes during tissue repair

Novak, M. L., & Koh, T. J. (2013) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1012512 · Cited by 658 · cited 2×

Macrophage phenotypes in atherosclerosis

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Efficient Clearance of Early Apoptotic Cells by Human Macrophages Requires M2c Polarization and MerTK Induction

Zizzo, G., Hilliard, B. A., Monestier, M., & Cohen, P. L. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1200662 · Cited by 650

Cutting Edge: Lipoxins Rapidly Stimulate Nonphlogistic Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Neutrophils by Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

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Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Wound Healing

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Th1/Th2-regulated expression of arginase isoforms in murine macrophages and dendritic cells.

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Macrophage Polarisation: an Immunohistochemical Approach for Identifying M1 and M2 Macrophages

Barros, M. H. M., Hauck, F., Dreyer, J. H., Kempkes, B., & Niedobitek, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080908 · Cited by 616

Preparing the ground for tissue regeneration: from mechanism to therapy

Forbes, S. J., & Rosenthal, N. A. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3653 · Cited by 607

ARGINASE: A CRITICAL REGULATOR OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS AND VASCULAR FUNCTION

Durante, W., Johnson, F. K., & Johnson, R. A. (2007) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04638.x · Cited by 577 · cited 1×

Human adipose tissue macrophages are of an anti-inflammatory phenotype but capable of excessive pro-inflammatory mediator production

Zeyda, M., Farmer, D., Todoric, J., Aszmann, O. C., Speiser, M., Györi, G., Zlabinger, G. J., & Stulnig, T. M. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803632 · Cited by 575

Specific lipid mediator signatures of human phagocytes: microparticles stimulate macrophage efferocytosis and pro-resolving mediators

Dalli, J., & Serhan, C. N. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-04-423525 · Cited by 572

M2 Kupffer cells promote M1 Kupffer cell apoptosis: A protective mechanism against alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Wan, J., Benkdane, M., Teixeira-Clerc, F., Bonnafous, S., Louvet, A., Lafdil, F., Pecker, F., Tran, A., Gual, P., Mallat, A., et al. (2014) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26607 · Cited by 558

Inflammation switches the differentiation program of Ly6Chi monocytes from antiinflammatory macrophages to inflammatory dendritic cells in the colon

Rivollier, A., He, J., Kole, A., Valatas, V., & Kelsall, B. L. (2012) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20101387 · Cited by 548

Progressive replacement of embryo-derived cardiac macrophages with age

Molawi, K., Wolf, Y., Kandalla, P. K., Favret, J., Hagemeyer, N., Frenzel, K., Pinto, A. R., Klapproth, K., Henri, S., MALISSEN, B., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20140639 · Cited by 545

Regulation of Alternative Macrophage Activation by Galectin-3

MacKinnon, A. C., Farnworth, S. L., Hodkinson, P. S., Henderson, N. C., Atkinson, K. M., Leffler, H., Nilsson, U. J., Haslett, C., Forbes, S. J., & Sethi, T. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2650 · Cited by 543

Mannose Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Serum Glycoprotein Homeostasis

Lee, S. J., Evers, S., Röder, D., Parlow, A. F., Risteli, J., Risteli, L., Lee, Y. C., Feizi, T., Langen, H., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069540 · Cited by 484

C-type lectins in immunity: recent developments

Dambuza, I. M., & Brown, G. D. (2015) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.002 · Cited by 482

Comparison of polarization properties of human adult microglia and blood‐derived macrophages

Durafourt, B. A., Moore, C. S., Zammit, D., Johnson, T., Zaguia, F., Guiot, M., Bar‐Or, A., & Antel, J. P. (2012) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22298 · Cited by 470

Differential expression of FIZZ1 and Ym1 in alternatively versus classically activated macrophages

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Suppression of T-cell functions by human granulocyte arginase

Munder, M. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-11-010389 · Cited by 417

Resolvin D1 and Its Precursor Docosahexaenoic Acid Promote Resolution of Adipose Tissue Inflammation by Eliciting Macrophage Polarization toward an M2-Like Phenotype

Titos, E., Rius, B., González-Périz, A., López-Vicario, C., Morán-Salvador, E., Martínez-Clemente, M., Arroyo, V., & Clària, J. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100225 · Cited by 412

Expression profiles for macrophage alternative activation genes in AD and in mouse models of AD.

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Adenosine promotes alternative macrophage activation via A2A and A2B receptors

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Dynamic, M2-Like Remodeling Phenotypes of CD11c+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages During High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity in Mice

Shaul, M. E., Bennett, G., Strissel, K. J., Greenberg, A. S., & Obin, M. S. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-1402 · Cited by 383

Human Adipose Tissue Macrophages: M1 and M2 Cell Surface Markers in Subcutaneous and Omental Depots and after Weight Loss

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The Adenosine-Dependent Angiogenic Switch of Macrophages to an M2-Like Phenotype is Independent of Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha (IL-4Rα) Signaling

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Tumor-Conditioned Macrophages Secrete Migration-Stimulating Factor: A New Marker for M2-Polarization, Influencing Tumor Cell Motility

Solinas, G., Schiarea, S., Liguori, M., Fabbri, M., Pesce, S., Zammataro, L. A., Pasqualini, F., Nebuloni, M., Chiabrando, C., Mantovani, A., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000413 · Cited by 373

Macrophages at the Fetal–Maternal Interface Express Markers of Alternative Activation and Are Induced by M-CSF and IL-10

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Regulation of macrophage activation

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Microglia express distinct M1 and M2 phenotypic markers in the postnatal and adult central nervous system in male and female mice

Crain, J. M., Nikodémová, M., & Watters, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23242 · Cited by 349

Gut-derived lipopolysaccharide augments adipose macrophage accumulation but is not essential for impaired glucose or insulin tolerance in mice

Caesar, R., Reigstad, C. S., Bäckhed, H. K., Reinhardt, C., Ketonen, M., Östergren‐Lundén, G., Cani, P. D., & Bäckhed, F. (2012) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301689 · Cited by 348

The invertebrate midintestinal gland (“hepatopancreas”) is an evolutionary forerunner in the integration of immunity and metabolism

Rőszer, T. (2014) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1985-7 · Cited by 338

Th1/Th2 Paradigm Extended: Macrophage Polarization as an Unappreciated Pathogen-Driven Escape Mechanism?

Muraille, É., Léo, O., & Moser, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00603 · Cited by 321

The Human Fetal Placenta Promotes Tolerance against the Semiallogeneic Fetus by Inducing Regulatory T Cells and Homeostatic M2 Macrophages

Svensson‐Arvelund, J., Mehta, R. B., Lindau, R. H., Mirrasekhian, E., Rodríguez‐Martínez, H., Berg, G. E., Lash, G. E., Jenmalm, M. C., & Ernerudh, J. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1401536 · Cited by 319

Resolvin D1 decreases adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese‐diabetic mice

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Arginase-1 and Ym1 are markers for murine, but not human, alternatively activated myeloid cells

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DC-SIGN (CD209) Expression Is IL-4 Dependent and Is Negatively Regulated by IFN, TGF-β, and Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Relloso, M., Puig‐Kröger, A., Pello, Ó. M., Rodríguez‐Fernández, J. L., de la Rosa, G., Longo, N., Navarro, J., Muñoz‐Fernández, M. Á., Sánchez‐Mateos, P., & Corbí, A. L. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.6.2634 · Cited by 301

Arginase modulates nitric oxide production in activated macrophages

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Complement, C1q, and C1q-Related Molecules Regulate Macrophage Polarization

Bohlson, S. S., Oâ€TMConner, S. D., Hulsebus, H. J., Ho, M.-M., & Fraser, D. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00402 · Cited by 299

Unique Appearance of Proliferating Antigen-Presenting Cells Expressing DC-SIGN (CD209) in the Decidua of Early Human Pregnancy

Kämmerer, U., Eggert, A. O., Kapp, M., McLellan, A. D., Geijtenbeek, T. B. H., Dietl, J., van Kooyk, Y., & Kämpgen, E. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63884-9 · Cited by 296

HUMAN MONOCYTES EXPRESS CD163, WHICH IS UPREGULATED BY IL-10 AND IDENTICAL TO p155

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Alternatively activated macrophage-derived RELM-α is a negative regulator of type 2 inflammation in the lung

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Human recombinant interleukin 4 induces Fc epsilon R2/CD23 on normal human monocytes.

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Dynamics of macrophage polarization reveal new mechanism to inhibit IL‐1β release through pyrophosphates

Pelegrı́n, P., & Surprenant, A. (2009) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2009.163 · Cited by 272

IL-13 Induces Disease-Promoting Type 2 Cytokines, Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Allergic Inflammation during Pulmonary Infection of Mice with Cryptococcus neoformans

Müller, U., Stenzel, W., Köhler, G., Werner, C., Polte, T., Hansen, G., Schütze, N., Straubinger, R. K., Blessing, M., McKenzie, A. N. J., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5367 · Cited by 272

Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation

Osborne, L. C., Monticelli, L. A., Nice, T. J., Sutherland, T. E., Siracusa, M. C., Hepworth, M. R., Tomov, V. T., Kobuley, D. E., Tran, S. V., Bittinger, K. L., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1256942 · Cited by 268

Adipose tissue macrophages: phenotypic plasticity and diversity in lean and obese states

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Molecular Mechanism for Adiponectin-dependent M2 Macrophage Polarization

Mandal, P., Pratt, B. T., Barnes, M. A., McMullen, M. R., & Nagy, L. E. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.204644 · Cited by 260

Local proliferation of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity-induced inflammation

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Macrophage galactose-type C-type lectins as novel markers for alternatively activated macrophages elicited by parasitic infections and allergic airway inflammation

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A Macrophage Protein, Ym1, Transiently Expressed during Inflammation Is a Novel Mammalian Lectin

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TH2 Cytokines and Allergic Challenge Induce Ym1 Expression in Macrophages by a STAT6-dependent Mechanism

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Induction of 15-lipoxygenase by interleukin-13 in human blood monocytes.

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The chitinase 3-like protein human cartilage glycoprotein 39 inhibits cellular responses to the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha

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M1/M2 Macrophage Polarity in Normal and Complicated Pregnancy

Brown, M. B., von Chamier, M., Allam, A. B., & Reyes, L. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00606 · Cited by 224

Regulation of CD163 on human macrophages: cross-linking of CD163 induces signaling and activation

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Advanced Age Impairs Macrophage Polarization

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Fra-1 protooncogene regulates IL-6 expression in macrophages and promotes the generation of M2d macrophages

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Macrophage Plasticity in Skeletal Muscle Repair

Rigamonti, E., Zordan, P., Sciorati, C., Rovere, P. Q., & Brunelli, S. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/560629 · Cited by 216

Retnla (Relmα/Fizz1) Suppresses Helminth-Induced Th2-Type Immunity

Pesce, J. T., Ramalingam, T. R., Wilson, M. S., Mentink-Kane, M. M., Thompson, R. W., Cheever, A. W., Urban, J. F., & Wynn, T. A. (2009) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000393 · Cited by 213

Chitinase-like proteins promote IL-17-mediated neutrophilia in a tradeoff between nematode killing and host damage

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Autoimmune Kidney Disease and Impaired Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells in Mice with Macrophage Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ or Retinoid X Receptor α Deficiency

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Skin Wound Healing Is Accelerated and Scarless in the Absence of Commensal Microbiota

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