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The Neural Substrates of Reward Processing in Humans: The Modern Role of fMRI
Abstract
Experimental work in animals has identified numerous neural structures involved in reward processing and reward-dependent learning. Until recently, this work provided the primary basis for speculations about the neural substrates of human reward processing. The widespread use of neuroimaging technology has changed this situation dramatically over the past decade through the use of PET and fMRI. Here, the authors focus on the role played by fMRI studies, where recent work has replicated the animal results in human subjects and has extended the view of putative reward-processing neural structures. In particular, fMRI work has identified a set of reward-related brain structures including the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the human experiments have probed the dependence of human reward responses on learned expectations, context, timing, and the reward dimension. Current experiments aim to assess the function of human reward-processing structures to determine how they allow us to predict, assess, and act in response to rewards. The authors review current accomplishments in the study of human reward processing and focus their discussion on explanations directed particularly at the role played by the ventral striatum. They discuss how these findings may contribute to a better understanding of deficits associated with Parkinson’s disease.
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“The ventral striatum has been implicated in reward-related processing in humans (Knutson, Adams, Fong, & Hommer, 2001; McClure, York, & Montague, 2004) and animals (Elliott, Friston, & Dolan, 2000).”
From Gender Differences in Emotion Regulation: An fMRI Study of Cognitive Reappraisal (2008) · cites this paper as McClure, York, & Montague, 2004
In the citing paper
“and may underlie bias for immediate over future rewards (McClure et al., 2004).”
From Developmental changes in brain function underlying the influence of reward processing on inhibitory control (2011) · cites this paper as McClure et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“The adult literature using such paradigms has shown that the striatum is sensitive to (monetary) rewards (Breiter et al., 2001; Delgado, 2007; McClure et al., 2004).”
From Testosterone levels correspond with increased ventral striatum activation in response to monetary rewards in adolescents (2011) · cites this paper as McClure et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“it has not yet been confirmed that, across studies, adolescents reliably activate the same regions during reward based processing as do adults (McClure et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2011; Bartra et al., 2013).”
From Neural networks involved in adolescent reward processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2015) · cites this paper as McClure et al., 2004
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“For instance, vmPFC activity decreases with satiety (O'Doherty et al., 2000; Small et al., 2001) and increases with personal preferences based on brand or price (Plassmann et al., 2008; McClure et al., 2004a).”
Metadata
- Authors
- McClure, S. M., York, M. K., & Montague, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- McClure, Samuel M.
- Venue
- The Neuroscientist
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 260-268
- ISSN
- 1073-8584 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-4098
- OpenAlex
- W2118755615
- Cited by
- 480
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Neuroscientist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH052797)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA011723)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K23NS041254)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- reward processing, neural correlates, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, reward timing, reward prediction, Parkinson's disease
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Animals, Brain, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurons, Parkinson Disease, Radiography, Reward
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