Neuropsychology of fear and loathing

Calder, Andrew J.; Lawrence, Andrew D.; Young, Andrew W.

doi:10.1038/35072584

Cited by 927Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory and Neural MechanismsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Neuropsychology of fear and loathing

Calder, Andrew J., Lawrence, Andrew D., Young, Andrew W.·2001·Nature reviews. Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/35072584

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Abstract

For over 60 years, ideas about emotion in neuroscience and psychology have been dominated by a debate on whether emotion can be encompassed within a single, unifying model. In neuroscience, this approach is epitomized by the limbic system theory and, in psychology, by dimensional models of emotion. Comparative research has gradually eroded the limbic model, and some scientists have proposed that certain individual emotions are represented separately in the brain. Evidence from humans consistent with this approach has recently been obtained by studies indicating that signals of fear and disgust are processed by distinct neural substrates. We review this research and its implications for theories of emotion.

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Both the amygdala and hippocampus are known to mediate attentional and learning aspects of emotion.
“Both the amygdala and hippocampus are known to mediate attentional and learning aspects of emotion (Baxter and Murray, 2002, Calder et al., 2001; Phelps, 2004; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005).”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Calder et al., 2001

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Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases
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Both of Us Disgusted in My Insula
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Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: psychological and neurological mechanisms
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Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: the role of the amygdala and fusiform face area
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A meta-analytic review of emotion recognition and aging: implications for neuropsychological models of aging.
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Understanding the recognition of facial identity and facial expression
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Stress-induced analgesia
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Social Decision-Making: Insights from Game Theory and Neuroscience
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Event-related brain potential correlates of emotional face processing
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Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic systems modeling
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The Simulation of Smiles (SIMS) model: Embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression
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Men and women differ in amygdala response to visual sexual stimuli
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Mixed emotions: the contribution of alexithymia to the emotional symptoms of autism
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Individual Differences in Reward Drive Predict Neural Responses to Images of Food
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Empathy for positive and negative emotions in the gustatory cortex
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Subcortical and ventral prefrontal cortical neural responses to facial expressions distinguish patients with bipolar disorder and major depression
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Annotation: Development of facial expression recognition from childhood to adolescence: behavioural and neurological perspectives
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The Human Amygdala and the Induction and Experience of Fear
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Emotions are real
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Implicit Trustworthiness Decisions: Automatic Coding of Face Properties in the Human Amygdala
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The locked-in syndrome : what is it like to be conscious but paralyzed and voiceless?
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Discrete Neural Signatures of Basic Emotions
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Authors: Calder, A. J., Lawrence, A. D., & Young, A. W.
Affiliations: MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
University of York (GB)
ORCID: Lawrence, Andrew D.
Young, Andrew W.
Venue: Nature reviews. Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-05
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Pages: 352-363
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/35072584
OpenAlex: W2126334133
Cited by: 927
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 2.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: emotions, fear, disgust, neural correlates, emotion theory, individual emotions
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Fear, Hate, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Visual

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