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A systematic review of the evidence for Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults
Open accessAbstract
This systematic review examines critically the scientific basis for Canada's Physical Activity Guide for Healthy Active Living for adults. Particular reference is given to the dose-response relationship between physical activity and premature all-cause mortality and seven chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, colon cancer, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) and osteoporosis). The strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated critically. Literature was obtained through searching electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE), cross-referencing, and through the authors' knowledge of the area. For inclusion in our systematic review articles must have at least 3 levels of physical activity and the concomitant risk for each chronic disease. The quality of included studies was appraised using a modified Downs and Black tool. Through this search we identified a total of 254 articles that met the eligibility criteria related to premature all-cause mortality (N = 70), cardiovascular disease (N = 49), stroke (N = 25), hypertension (N = 12), colon cancer (N = 33), breast cancer (N = 43), type 2 diabetes (N = 20), and osteoporosis (N = 2). Overall, the current literature supports clearly the dose-response relationship between physical activity and the seven chronic conditions identified. Moreover, higher levels of physical activity reduce the risk for premature all-cause mortality. The current Canadian guidelines appear to be appropriate to reduce the risk for the seven chronic conditions identified above and all-cause mortality.
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“There is voluminous evidence that risks of remaining physically inactive, especially in those with chronic disease, are substantial (38,45).”
From Updating ACSM's Recommendations for Exercise Preparticipation Health Screening (2015) · cites this paper as [45]
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“Recent studies have suggested that using the current ACSM exercise preparticipation health screening guidelines can result in excessive physician referrals, possibly creating a barrier to exercise participation.”
From Updating ACSM's Recommendations for Exercise Preparticipation Health Screening (2015) · cites this paper as [45]
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“A large body of epidemiologic literature, accumulated over more than 60 years, shows that individuals who are physically active have a better cardio-metabolic risk profile, lower rates of major non-communicable diseases, better physical and mental function, and live longer, compared with those inactive.[1-3]”
From Using accelerometers to measure physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies: issues and challenges (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Many observational studies show an association between higher levels of physical activity and lower rates of chronic diseases and increased longevity (67).”
From The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance (2015) · cites this paper as [67]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Warburton, D. E., Charlesworth, S., Ivey, A., Nettlefold, L., & Bredin, S. S.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Warburton, Darren ER
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3583166
- OpenAlex
- W2170267040
- Cited by
- 902
- References
- 378
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- cIRcle (University of British Columbia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency of Canada
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- Public Health Agency
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Recreational Sport and Physical Activity
- Keywords
- physical activity guidelines, dose-response relationship, physical activity, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, colon cancer, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, chronic disease risk
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