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Gut microbiota as the key controllers of 'healthy' aging of elderly people

Ragonnaud, Emeline, Biragyn, Arya·2021·Immunity & Ageing
DOI 10.1186/s12979-020-00213-wPMC PMC7784378
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Abstract

Extrinsic factors, such as lifestyle and diet, are shown to be essential in the control of human healthy aging, and thus, longevity. They do so by targeting at least in part the gut microbiome, a collection of commensal microorganisms (microbiota), which colonize the intestinal tract starting after birth, and is established by the age of three. The composition and abundance of individual microbiota appears to continue to change until adulthood, presumably reflecting lifestyle and geographic, racial, and individual differences. Although most of these changes appear to be harmless, a major shift in their composition in the gut (dysbiosis) can trigger harmful local and systemic inflammation. Recent reports indicate that dysbiosis is increased in aging and that the gut microbiota of elderly people is enriched in pro-inflammatory commensals at the expense of beneficial microbes. The clinical consequence of this change remains confusing due to contradictory reports and a high degree of variability of human microbiota and methodologies used. Here, we present the authors’ thoughts that underscore dysbiosis as a primary cause of aging-associated morbidities, and thus, premature death of elderly people. We provide evidence that the dysbiosis triggers a chain of pathological and inflammatory events. Examples include alteration of levels of microbiota-affected metabolites, impaired function and integrity of the gastrointestinal tract, and increased gut leakiness. All of these enhance systemic inflammation, which when associated with aging is termed inflammaging, and result in consequent aging-associated pathologies.

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Metadata

Authors
Ragonnaud, E., & Biragyn, A.
ORCID
Biragyn, Arya
Venue
Immunity & Ageing
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-01-05
Volume
18
Issue
1
ISSN
1742-4933
DOI
10.1186/s12979-020-00213-w
PMC
PMC7784378
Cited by
383
References
35
Language
en
Licence
Funders
National Institute on Aging (IRP)

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