Age-related changes in gut microbiota composition from newborn to centenarian: a cross-sectional study
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BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the composition of human gut microbiota changes with age; however, few studies have used molecular techniques to investigate the long-term, sequential changes in gut microbiota composition. In this study, we investigated the sequential changes in gut microbiota composition in newborn to centenarian Japanese subjects. RESULTS: Fecal samples from 367 healthy Japanese subjects between the ages of 0 and 104 years were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of amplicons derived from the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Analysis based on bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs) defined by Kendall correlations between genera revealed that certain transition types of microbiota were enriched in infants, adults, elderly individuals and both infant and elderly subjects. More positive correlations between the relative abundances of genera were observed in the elderly-associated CAGs compared with the infant- and adult-associated CAGs. Hierarchical Ward's linkage clustering based on the abundance of genera indicated five clusters, with median (interquartile range) ages of 3 (0-35), 33 (24-45), 42 (32-62), 77 (36-84) and 94 (86-98) years. Subjects were predominantly clustered with their matched age; however, some of them fell into mismatched age clusters. Furthermore, clustering based on the proportion of transporters predicted by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) showed that subjects were divided into two age-related groups, the adult-enriched and infant/elderly-enriched clusters. Notably, all the drug transporters based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology groups were found in the infant/elderly-enriched cluster. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate some patterns and transition points in the compositional changes in gut microbiota with age. In addition, the transporter property prediction results suggest that nutrients in the gut might play an important role in changing the gut microbiota composition with age.
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Diversity levels of the GM differ with aging, with a reduction in the number of different bacterial species present and changes in the relative abundance of different bacterial phyla, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and an increase in potentially harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria.
“There is also evidence that the diversity levels of the GM differ with aging, with a reduction in the number of different bacterial species present and changes in the relative abundance of different bacterial phyla, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and an increase in potentially harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria (93–96).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [95]
A core, albeit individualized, microbial profile develops in adulthood that is relatively stable and resilient in the absence of extreme external stressors.
“Although continued development of the microbiota in adolescence has been indicated in some studies, a core, albeit individualized, microbial profile develops in adulthood that is relatively stable and resilient in the absence of extreme external stressors (e.g., dietary changes or antibiotic treatment) (233-235).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [234]
In elderly populations, the microbiota undergoes a shift, affecting aspects of host health such as frailty, inflammatory status, and cognitive function.
“At the other extreme of life, in elderly populations, the microbiota again undergoes a shift, affecting aspects of host health such as frailty, inflammatory status, and cognitive function (233, 234).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [234]
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- Authors
- Odamaki, T., Kato, K., Sugahara, H., Hashikura, N., Takahashi, S., Xiao, J.-Z., Abe, F., & Osawa, R.
- Affiliations
- Morinaga (Japan) (JP)
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. (Japan) (JP)
- Kobe University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Odamaki, Toshitaka
- Venue
- BMC Microbiology
- Published
- 2016-05-25
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 90-90
- ISSN
- 1471-2180 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4879732
- OpenAlex
- W2401857311
- Cited by
- 1,521
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 118 · 2025: 165 · 2024: 214 · 2023: 179 · 2022: 205 · 2021: 200 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 128 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 12
- FWCI
- 48.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Microbiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, aging, age-related changes, fecal microbiota, infants, older adults, centenarians, drug transporters, nutrient availability
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteria, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feces, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Cluster Analysis, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Young Adult, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
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