Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 2,118

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Elderly: Consequences for Bone Loss and Fractures and Therapeutic Implications

Lips, Paul·2001·Endocrine Reviews
DOI 10.1210/edrv.22.4.0437
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly, especially in the housebound and in geriatric patients. The establishment of strict diagnostic criteria is hampered by differences in assay methods for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The synthesis of vitamin D3 in the skin under influence of UV light decreases with aging due to insufficient sunlight exposure, and a decreased functional capacity of the skin. The diet contains a minor part of the vitamin D requirement. Vitamin D deficiency in the elderly is less common in the United States than elsewhere due to the fortification of milk and use of supplements. Deficiency in vitamin D causes secondary hyperparathyroidism, high bone turnover, bone loss, mineralization defects, and hip and other fractures. Less certain consequences include myopathy and falls. A diet low in calcium may cause an increased turnover of vitamin D metabolites and thereby aggravate vitamin D deficiency. Prevention is feasible by UV light exposure, food fortification, and supplements. Vitamin D3 supplementation causes a decrease of the serum PTH concentration, a decrease of bone turnover, and an increase of bone mineral density. Vitamin D3 and calcium may decrease the incidence of hip and other peripheral fractures in nursing home residents. Vitamin D3 is recommended in housebound elderly, and it may be cost-effective in hip fracture prevention in selected risk groups.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/edrv.22.4.0437

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 4 references

Research works printed but not linked: 211

  1. Holick, 1994, McCollum award lecture 1994. Vitamin D: new horizons for the 21st century., Am J Clin Nutr, 60, 619, 10.1093/ajcn/60.4.619 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Holick, 1995, Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D, Am J Clin Nutr, 61, 638S, 10.1093/ajcn/61.3.638S · DOI · Paper page
  3. Frame B and Parfitt, 1978, Osteomalacia: current concepts., Ann Intern Med, 89, 966, 10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-966 · DOI
  4. Sniadecki, 1939, Cited by W. Mozolowski. Jerdrzej Sniadecki (1768–1883) on the cure of rickets., Nature, 143, 121, 10.1038/143121a0 · DOI
  5. Hess, 1921, Cure of infantile rickets by sunlight., JAMA, 39, 77
  6. Chalmers, 1967, Osteomalacia, a common disease in elderly women, J Bone Joint Surg, 49B, 403, 10.1302/0301-620X.49B3.403 · DOI
  7. Chalmers, 1969, Quantitative measurements of osteoid in health and disease., Clin Orthop, 63, 196
  8. Parfitt, 1982, Vitamin D and bone health in the elderly., Am J Clin Nutr, 36, 1014, 10.1093/ajcn/36.5.1014 · DOI · Paper page
  9. McKenna, 1992, Differences in vitamin D status between countries in young adults and the elderly., Am J Med, 93, 69, 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90682-2 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Chapuy, 1997, Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population., Osteoporos Int, 7, 439, 10.1007/s001980050030 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Lips, 1991, The pathogenesis and treatment of hip fractures., Osteoporos Int, 1, 218, 10.1007/BF03187466 · DOI
  12. Cooke, 1989, Vitamin D binding protein (Gc-Globulin)., Endocr Rev, 10, 294, 10.1210/edrv-10-3-294 · DOI · Paper page
  13. DeLuca, 1988, The vitamin D story: a collaborative effort of basic science and clinical medicine., FASEB J, 2, 224, 10.1096/fasebj.2.3.3280376 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Norman, 1982, The vitamin D endocrine system: steroid metabolism, hormone receptors, and biological response (calcium binding proteins)., Endocr Rev, 3, 331, 10.1210/edrv-3-4-331 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Reichel, 1989, The role of the vitamin D endocrine system in health and disease., N Engl J Med, 320, 980, 10.1056/NEJM198904133201506 · DOI · Paper page
  16. McDonnell, 1988, The vitamin D receptor: a primitive steroid receptor related to thyroid hormone receptor., J Steroid Biochem, 30, 41, 10.1016/0022-4731(88)90074-X · DOI
  17. Walters, 1992, Newly identified actions of the vitamin D endocrine system., Endocr Rev, 13, 719
  18. Boland, 1986, Role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle function., Endocr Rev, 7, 434, 10.1210/edrv-7-4-434 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Bouillon, 1995, Structure-function relationships in the vitamin D endocrine system., Endocr Rev, 16, 200
  20. Parfitt, 1980, Morphologic basis of bone mineral measurements: transient and steady state effects of treatment in osteoporosis., Miner Electrolyte Metab, 4, 273
  21. Preece, 1975, Studies of vitamin D deficiency in man., Q J Med, 44, 575
  22. Jongen, 1982, Interlaboratory variation of vitamin D metabolite measurements., J Clin Chem Clin Biochem, 20, 753
  23. Jongen, 1984, An international comparison of vitamin D metabolite measurements., Clin Chem, 30, 399, 10.1093/clinchem/30.3.399 · DOI
  24. Lips, 1999, An international comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements., Osteoporos Int, 9, 394, 10.1007/s001980050162 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Webb, 1988, Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D synthesis in human skin., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67, 373, 10.1210/jcem-67-2-373 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Matsuoka, 1992, Clothing prevents ultraviolet-B radiation-dependent photosynthesis of vitamin D., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 75, 1099
  27. Matsuoka, 1987, Sunscreens suppress cutaneous vitamin D synthesis., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 64, 1165, 10.1210/jcem-64-6-1165 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Matsuoka, 1988, Chronic sunscreen use decreases circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D: preliminary study., Arch Dermatol, 1124, 1802, 10.1001/archderm.1988.01670120018003 · DOI
  29. Clemens, 1982, Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3., Lancet, 1, 74, 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90214-8 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Need, 1993, Effects of skin thickness, age, body fat, and sunlight on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Am J Clin Nutr, 58, 882, 10.1093/ajcn/58.6.882 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Holick, 1989, Age, vitamin D, and solar ultraviolet (letter)., Lancet, 2, 1104, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91124-0 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Chel, 1998, Ultraviolet irradiation corrects vitamin D deficiency and suppresses secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly., J Bone Miner Res, 13, 1238, 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.8.1238 · DOI
  33. Lips, 1987, Determinants of vitamin D status in patients with hip fracture and elderly control subjects., Am J Clin Nutr, 46, 1005, 10.1093/ajcn/46.6.1005 · DOI
  34. Omdahl, 1982, Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: vitamin D., Am J Clin Nutr, 36, 1225, 10.1093/ajcn/36.6.1225 · DOI
  35. Clemens, 1986, Serum vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 metabolite concentrations and absorption of vitamin D2 in elderly subjects., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 63, 656, 10.1210/jcem-63-3-656 · DOI
  36. Thomas, 1998, Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients., N Engl J Med, 338, 777, 10.1056/NEJM199803193381201 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Gloth, 1995, Vitamin D deficiency in homebound elderly persons., JAMA, 274, 1683, 10.1001/jama.1995.03530210037027 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Lips, 1996, Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial., Ann Intern Med, 124, 400, 10.7326/0003-4819-124-4-199602150-00003 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Lund, 1979, Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum and its relation to sunshine, age and vitamin D intake in the Danish population., Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 39, 23, 10.3109/00365517909104935 · DOI
  40. Netelenbos, 1985, Vitamin D status in urinary calcium stone formation., Arch Intern Med, 145, 681, 10.1001/archinte.1985.00360040105023 · DOI
  41. van der Wielen, 1995, Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe., Lancet, 346, 207, 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91266-5 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Corless, 1975, Vitamin-D status in long-stay geriatric patients., Lancet, 1, 1404, 10.1016/S0140-6736(75)92609-4 · DOI
  43. Nayal, 1978, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D diet and sunlight exposure in patients admitted to a geriatric unit., Gerontology, 24, 117, 10.1159/000212244 · DOI
  44. Vir, 1978, Vitamin D status of elderly at home and institutionalized in hospital., Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 48, 123
  45. Cooper, 1989, Indices of calcium metabolism in women with hip fractures., Bone Miner, 5, 193, 10.1016/0169-6009(89)90096-2 · DOI
  46. Khaw, 1992, Bone density, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in middle-aged women., Br Med J, 305, 273, 10.1136/bmj.305.6848.273 · DOI
  47. Solanki, 1995, Are elderly Asians in Britain at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia?, Age Ageing, 24, 103, 10.1093/ageing/24.2.103 · DOI
  48. McKenna, 1985, Hypovitaminosis D and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in elderly Irish people., Am J Clin Nutr, 41, 101, 10.1093/ajcn/41.1.101 · DOI
  49. Toss, 1980, Vitamin D deficiency in welfare institutions for the aged., Acta Med Scand, 208, 87, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1980.tb01157.x · DOI
  50. Egsmose, 1987, Low serum levels of 25-dihydroxyvitamin D in institutionalized old people: influence of solar exposure and vitamin D supplementation., Age Aging, 16, 35, 10.1093/ageing/16.1.35 · DOI
  51. Lips, 1988, The effect of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and parathyroid function in elderly subjects., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 67, 644, 10.1210/jcem-67-4-644 · DOI · Paper page
  52. Ooms, 1995, Vitamin D status and sex hormone binding globulin: determinants of bone turnover and bone mineral density in elderly women., J Bone Miner Res, 10, 1177, 10.1002/jbmr.5650100806 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Bouillon, 1987, Vitamin D status in the elderly; seasonal substrate deficiency causes 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol deficiency., Am J Clin Nutr, 45, 755, 10.1093/ajcn/45.4.755 · DOI
  54. Boonen, 1997, Age-related (type II) femoral neck osteoporosis in men: biochemical evidence for both hypovitaminosis D- and androgen deficiency-induced bone resorption., J Bone Miner Res, 12, 2119, 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.12.2119 · DOI
  55. Chapuy, 1983, Age-related changes in parathyroid hormone and 25 hydroxycholecalciferol levels., J Gerontol, 38, 19, 10.1093/geronj/38.1.19 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Chapuy, 1987, Calcium and vitamin D supplements: effects on calcium metabolism in elderly people., Am J Clin Nutr, 46, 324, 10.1093/ajcn/46.2.324 · DOI
  57. Chapuy, 1996, Healthy elderly French women living at home have secondary hyperparathyroidism and high bone turnover in winter., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 1129
  58. Woitge, 1998, Seasonal variation of biochemical indexes of bone turnover: results of a population-based study., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 68
  59. Bettica, 1999, High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among free-living postmenopausal women referred to an osteoporosis outpatient clinic in Northern Italy for initial screening, Osteoporos Int, 9, 226, 10.1007/s001980050141 · DOI
  60. Romagnoli, 1999, Hypovitaminosis D in an Italian population of healthy subjects and hospitalized patients., Br J Nutr, 81, 133, 10.1017/S0007114599000264 · DOI
  61. Quesada, 1989, Vitamin D status of elderly people in Spain., Age Ageing, 18, 392, 10.1093/ageing/18.6.392 · DOI
  62. Theiler, 1999, Calcidiol, calcitriol and parathyroid hormone serum concentrations in institutionalized and ambulatory elderly in Switzerland., Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 69, 96, 10.1024/0300-9831.69.2.96 · DOI
  63. Goldray, 1989, Vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients in a general hospital., J Am Geriatr Soc, 37, 589, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1989.tb01247.x · DOI
  64. Sedrani, 1983, Sunlight and vitamin D status in normal Saudi subjects., Am J Clin Nutr, 38, 129, 10.1093/ajcn/38.1.129 · DOI
  65. Bruce, 1999, Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients from Western Australia with hip fracture: relationship to type of hip fracture, renal function, and vitamin D deficiency., J Am Geriatr Soc, 47, 354, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb03001.x · DOI
  66. McAuley, 1997, Low vitamin D status is common among elderly Dunedin women., N Z Med J, 110, 275
  67. Pun, 1990, Vitamin D status among patients with fractured neck of femur in Hong Kong., Bone, 11, 365, 10.1016/8756-3282(90)90092-D · DOI
  68. Sato, 1997, High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in Parkinson’s disease., Neurology, 49, 1273, 10.1212/WNL.49.5.1273 · DOI
  69. Sato, 1998, High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in elderly women with Alzheimer’s disease., Bone, 23, 555, 10.1016/S8756-3282(98)00134-3 · DOI
  70. Delvin, 1988, Vitamin D nutritional status and related biochemical indices in an autonomous elderly population., Am J Clin Nutr, 48, 373, 10.1093/ajcn/48.2.373 · DOI
  71. Himmelstein, 1990, Vitamin D supplementation in elderly nursing home residents increases 25-OHD but not 1,25(OH)2D., Am J Clin Nutr, 52, 701, 10.1093/ajcn/52.4.701 · DOI
  72. Sherman, 1990, Vitamin D status and related parameters in a healthy population: the effects of age, sex and season., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 71, 405, 10.1210/jcem-71-2-405 · DOI · Paper page
  73. McMurtry, 1992, Mild vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in nursing home patients receiving adequate dietary vitamin D., J Am Geriatr Soc, 40, 343, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02132.x · DOI
  74. O’Dowd, 1993, Exogenous calciferol (vitamin D) and vitamin D endocrine status among elderly nursing home residents in the New York City area., J Am Geriatr Soc, 41, 414, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06950.x · DOI
  75. Jacques, 1997, Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its determinants in an elderly population sample., Am J Clin Nutr, 66, 929, 10.1093/ajcn/66.4.929 · DOI · Paper page
  76. Gallagher, 1998, Calciotropic hormones and bone markers in the elderly., J Bone Miner Res, 13, 475, 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.3.475 · DOI
  77. LeBoff, 1999, Occult vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal US women with acute hip fracture., JAMA, 281, 1505, 10.1001/jama.281.16.1505 · DOI · Paper page
  78. Jongen, 1981, Simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma or serum., Clin Chem, 27, 1757, 10.1093/clinchem/27.10.1757 · DOI
  79. Lips, 1985, The effect of trauma on serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in patients with hip fracture., Bone, 6, 63, 10.1016/8756-3282(85)90308-4 · DOI
  80. Davies, 1997, Increased catabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with partial gastrectomy and elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. Implications for metabolic bone disease., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 209
  81. Skinner, 1977, 25-Hydroxylation of vitamin D in primary biliary cirrhosis., Lancet, 1, 720, 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)92166-3 · DOI
  82. Gallagher, 1979, Intestinal calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects and osteoporotic patients: effect of age and dietary calcium., J Clin Invest, 64, 729, 10.1172/JCI109516 · DOI · Paper page
  83. Slovik, 1981, Deficient production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in elderly osteoporotic patients., N Engl J Med, 305, 372, 10.1056/NEJM198108133050704 · DOI · Paper page
  84. Tsai, 1984, Impaired vitamin D metabolism with aging in women. Possible role in pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis., J Clin Invest, 73, 1668, 10.1172/JCI111373 · DOI · Paper page
  85. Wong, 2000, Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates renal 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis in old rats fed a low calcium diet., J Nutr, 130, 1147, 10.1093/jn/130.5.1147 · DOI
  86. Wong, 1997, Insulin-like growth factor I increases renal 1,25(OH)2D3 biosynthesis during low-P diet in adult rats, Am J Physiol, 272, F698
  87. Eastell, 1991, Interrelationship among vitamin D metabolism, true calcium absorption, parathyroid function and age in women: evidence of an age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D action., J Bone Miner Res, 6, 125, 10.1002/jbmr.5650060205 · DOI
  88. Lips, 1982, Histomorphometric profile and vitamin D status in patients with femoral neck fracture., Metab Bone Dis Relat Res, 4, 85, 10.1016/0221-8747(82)90021-2 · DOI
  89. Bouillon, 1981, Influence of the vitamin D binding protein on the serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D., J Clin Invest, 67, 589, 10.1172/JCI110072 · DOI · Paper page
  90. Lips, 1983, Seasonal variation in serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone in elderly people., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 57, 204, 10.1210/jcem-57-1-204 · DOI
  91. Silverberg, 1989, Skeletal disease in primary hyperparathyroidism., J Bone Miner Res, 4, 283, 10.1002/jbmr.5650040302 · DOI · Paper page
  92. Parisien, 1990, The histomorphometry of bone in primary hyperparathyroidism: preservation of cancellous bone structure., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 70, 930, 10.1210/jcem-70-4-930 · DOI · Paper page
  93. Doorn van, 1993, Bone histomorphometry and serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH(1–84)) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism., Bone Miner, 23, 233, 10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80100-6 · DOI
  94. Dawson-Hughes, 1991, Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women., Ann Intern Med, 115, 505, 10.7326/0003-4819-115-7-505 · DOI · Paper page
  95. Lepage, 1998, A non-(1–84) circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragment interferes significantly with intact PTH commercial assay measurements in uremic samples., Clin Chem, 44, 805, 10.1093/clinchem/44.4.805 · DOI · Paper page
  96. Demiaux, 1992, Serum osteocalcin is increased in patients with osteomalacia: correlations with biochemical and histomorphometric findings., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 74, 1146
  97. Sahota, 1999, Vitamin D insufficiency increases bone turnover markers and enhances bone loss at the hip in patients with established vertebral osteoporosis., Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 51, 217, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00764.x · DOI
  98. Parfitt, 1987, Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR histomorphometry nomenclature committee., J Bone Miner Res, 2, 595, 10.1002/jbmr.5650020617 · DOI
  99. Hodkinson, 1971, Fracture of the femoral neck in the elderly: assessment of the role of osteomalacia., Gerontol Clin, 13, 153, 10.1159/000245331 · DOI
  100. Jenkins, 1973, Osteomalacia in elderly patients with fracture of the femoral neck, J Bone Joint Surg, 5B, 575, 10.1302/0301-620X.55B3.575 · DOI
  101. Aaron, 1974, Frequency of osteomalacia and osteoporosis in fractures of the proximal femur., Lancet, 1, 229, 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)92545-8 · DOI · Paper page
  102. Faccini, 1976, Disorders of bone and fracture of the femoral neck., Lancet, 1, 1089, 10.1016/S0140-6736(76)90060-X · DOI
  103. Wootton, 1979, Fractured neck of femur in the elderly: an attempt to identify patients at risk., Clin Sci, 57, 93, 10.1042/cs0570093 · DOI
  104. Wilton, 1987, Screening for osteomalacia in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, J Bone Joint Surg, 69B, 765, 10.1302/0301-620X.69B5.3680338 · DOI
  105. Hordon, 1990, Osteomalacia and osteoporosis in femoral neck fracture., Bone Miner, 11, 247, 10.1016/0169-6009(90)90063-L · DOI
  106. Compston, 1991, Low prevalence of osteomalacia in elderly patients with hip fracture., Age Ageing, 20, 132, 10.1093/ageing/20.2.132 · DOI
  107. Robinson, 1992, Changing prevalence of osteomalacia in hip fractures in south-east Scotland over a 20-year period., Injury, 2, 300, 10.1016/0020-1383(92)90172-O · DOI
  108. Alhava, 1974, Diseases contributing to fragility of bone in patients with hip fractures., Ann Clin Res, 6, 246
  109. Hoikka, 1982, Osteomalacia in fractures of the proximal femur., Acta Orthop Scand, 53, 255, 10.3109/17453678208992212 · DOI
  110. Lund, 1982, Vitamin D metabolism and osteomalacia in patients with fractures of the proximal femur., Acta Orthop Scand, 53, 251, 10.3109/17453678208992211 · DOI
  111. Eid, 1978, Osteomalacia as a contributing factor in fracture of the femoral neck in the elderly in Qatar., Clin Orthop, 132, 129
  112. Evans, 1981, Lack of metabolic bone disease in patients with fracture of the femoral neck., Aust N Z J Med, 11, 158, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1981.tb04224.x · DOI
  113. Wicks, 1982, Absence of metabolic bone disease in the proximal femur in patients with fracture of the femoral neck, J Bone Joint Surg, 64B, 319, 10.1302/0301-620X.64B3.7096397 · DOI
  114. Sokoloff, 1978, Occult osteomalacia in American (USA) patients with fracture of the hip., Am J Surg Pathol, 2, 21, 10.1097/00000478-197803000-00003 · DOI
  115. Johnston, 1985, Heterogeneity of fracture syndromes in postmenopausal women., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 61, 551, 10.1210/jcem-61-3-551 · DOI
  116. Aaron, 1974, Seasonal variation of histological osteomalacia in femoral neck fractures., Lancet, 2, 84, 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91640-7 · DOI
  117. Chalmers, 1970, Subtrochanteric fractures in osteomalacia, J Bone Joint Surg, 52B, 509, 10.1302/0301-620X.52B3.509 · DOI
  118. Campbell, 1986, Timing of screening for osteomalacia in the acutely ill elderly., Age Ageing, 15, 156, 10.1093/ageing/15.3.156 · DOI
  119. Thiebaud, 1997, Importance of albumin, 25(OH)-vitamin D and IGFBP-3 as risk factors in elderly women and men with hip fracture., Osteoporos Int, 7, 457, 10.1007/s001980050033 · DOI
  120. Collins, 1998, Vitamin D and bone minimal density., Osteoporos Int, 8, 110, 10.1007/BF02672505 · DOI
  121. Parfitt, 1982, The coupling of bone formation to bone resorption: a critical analysis of the concept and of its relevance to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis., Metab Bone Dis Relat Res, 4, 1, 10.1016/0221-8747(82)90002-9 · DOI · Paper page
  122. Parfitt, 1985, Irreversible bone loss in osteomalacia: comparison of radial photon absorptiometry with iliac bone histomorphometry during treatment., J Clin Invest, 76, 2403, 10.1172/JCI112253 · DOI
  123. Christiansen, 1999, Primary hyperparathyroidism: effect of parathyroidectomy on regional bone mineral density in Danish patients: a three-year follow-up study., Bone, 25, 589, 10.1016/S8756-3282(99)00207-0 · DOI
  124. Stewart, 1982, Calcium homeostasis in immobilization: an example of resorptive hypercalciuria., N Engl J Med, 306, 1136, 10.1056/NEJM198205133061903 · DOI · Paper page
  125. Cummings, 1998, Endogenous hormones and the risk of hip and vertebral fractures among older women., N Engl J Med, 339, 733, 10.1056/NEJM199809103391104 · DOI · Paper page
  126. Meyer, 1995, Risk factors for hip fracture in a high incidence area: a case-control study from Oslo, Norway., Osteoporos Int, 5, 239, 10.1007/BF01774013 · DOI
  127. Melton III, 2000, Determinants of bone loss from the femoral neck in women of different ages., J Bone Miner Res, 15, 24, 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.1.24 · DOI
  128. Ranstam, 1995, Influence of age and body mass on the effects of vitamin D on hip fracture risk., Osteoporosis Int, 5, 450, 10.1007/BF01626607 · DOI
  129. Sorensen, 1979, Myopathy in bone loss of aging: improvement by treatment with 1-αhydroxycholecalciferol and calcium., Clin Sci, 56, 157, 10.1042/cs0560157 · DOI · Paper page
  130. Rimaniol, 1994, Muscle weakness in intensive care patients: initial manifestation of vitamin D deficiency., Intensive Care Med, 20, 591, 10.1007/BF01705729 · DOI
  131. Bischoff, 1999, Muscle strength in the elderly: its relation to vitamin D metabolites., Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 80, 54, 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90307-6 · DOI · Paper page
  132. Stein, 1999, Falls relate to vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in an Australian nursing home and hostel., J Am Geriatr Soc, 47, 1195, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb05199.x · DOI
  133. Graafmans, 1996, Falls in the elderly: a prospective study of risk factors and risk profiles., Am J Epidemiol, 143, 1129, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008690 · DOI · Paper page
  134. Bikle, 1992, Clinical counterpoint: vitamin D: new actions, new analogs, new therapeutic potential., Endocr Rev, 13, 765
  135. Pols, 1990, Vitamin D: a modulator of cell proliferation and differentiation., J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 37, 873, 10.1016/0960-0760(90)90435-N · DOI
  136. Garland, 1985, Dietary vitamin D and calcium and risk of colorectal cancer: a 19-year old prospective study in men., Lancet, 1, 307, 10.1016/S0140-6736(85)91082-7 · DOI · Paper page
  137. Garland, 1989, Serum 25-dihydroxyvitamin D and colon cancer: eight-year prospective study., Lancet, 2, 1176, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91789-3 · DOI · Paper page
  138. Garland, 1990, Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States: a hypothesis involving exposure to solar radiation., Prev Med, 19, 614, 10.1016/0091-7435(90)90058-R · DOI · Paper page
  139. Gavison, 1989, Impaired macrophage activation in vitamin D3 deficiency: differential in vitro effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mouse peritoneal macrophage functions., J Immunol, 143, 3686, 10.4049/jimmunol.143.11.3686 · DOI
  140. Nyomba, 1984, Influence of vitamin D status on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the rabbit., Endocrinology, 115, 191, 10.1210/endo-115-1-191 · DOI
  141. Kumar, 1994, Improvement in glucose tolerance and β -cell function in a patient with vitamin D deficiency during treatment with vitamin D., Postgrad Med J, 70, 440, 10.1136/pgmj.70.824.440 · DOI
  142. Boucher, 1998, Inadequate vitamin D status: does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome ‘X’?, Br J Nutr, 79, 315, 10.1079/BJN19980055 · DOI
  143. McAlindon, 1996, Relation of dietary intake and serum levels of vitamin D to progression of osteoarthritis of the knee among participants in the Framingham study., Ann Intern Med, 125, 353, 10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00001 · DOI · Paper page
  144. Gloth, 1991, Can vitamin D deficiency produce an unusual pain syndrome?, Arch Intern Med, 151, 1662, 10.1001/archinte.1991.00400080144029 · DOI
  145. Farmer, 1984, Race and sex differences in hip fracture incidence., Am J Public Health, 74, 1374, 10.2105/AJPH.74.12.1374 · DOI · Paper page
  146. Kellie, 1980, Sex-specific and race-specific hip fracture rates., Am J Public Health, 80, 326, 10.2105/AJPH.80.3.326 · DOI
  147. Liel, 1988, The effects of race and body habitus on bone mineral density of the radius, hip and spine in premenopausal women., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 66, 1247, 10.1210/jcem-66-6-1247 · DOI · Paper page
  148. Luckey, 1989, Radial and vertebral bone density in white and black women: evidence for racial differences in premenopausal bone homeostasis., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 69, 762, 10.1210/jcem-69-4-762 · DOI
  149. Bell, 1985, Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in blacks., J Clin Invest, 76, 470, 10.1172/JCI111995 · DOI · Paper page
  150. Bell, 1993, Demonstration of a difference in urinary calcium, not calcium absorption, in black and white adolescents., J Bone Miner Res, 8, 1111, 10.1002/jbmr.5650080912 · DOI
  151. Dawson-Hughes, 1993, Calcium retention and hormone levels in black and white women on high- and low-calcium diets., J Bone Miner Res, 8, 779, 10.1002/jbmr.5650080702 · DOI
  152. Dawson-Hughes, 1995, Calcium absorption responses to calcitriol in black and white premenopausal women., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 3068
  153. M’Buyamba-Kabangu, 1987, Calcium, vitamin D-endocrine system, and parathyroid hormone in black and white males., Calcif Tissue Int, 41, 70, 10.1007/BF02555247 · DOI
  154. Meier, 1991, Calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone status in young white and black women: association with racial differences in bone mass., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 72, 703, 10.1210/jcem-72-3-703 · DOI
  155. Perry III, 1993, A preliminary report of vitamin D and calcium metabolism in older African Americans., J Am Geriatr Soc, 41, 612, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06731.x · DOI
  156. Wiske, 1979, Increases in immunoreactive parathyroid hormone with age., N Engl J Med, 300, 1419, 10.1056/NEJM197906213002506 · DOI
  157. Marcus, 1984, Age-related changes in parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone action in normal humans., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 58, 223, 10.1210/jcem-58-2-223 · DOI
  158. Freaney, 1993, Secondary hyperparathyroidism in elderly people: combined effect of renal insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency., Am J Clin Nutr, 58, 187, 10.1093/ajcn/58.2.187 · DOI
  159. Stein, 1996, Risk factors for secondary hyperparathyroidism in a nursing home population., Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 44, 375, 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.701521.x · DOI
  160. Gabow, 1977, Furosemide-induced reduction in ionized calcium in hypoparathyroid patients., Ann Intern Med, 86, 579, 10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-579 · DOI
  161. Ooms, 1993, Determinants of bone mineral density and risk factors for osteoporosis in healthy elderly women., J Bone Miner Res, 8, 669, 10.1002/jbmr.5650080604 · DOI
  162. Khosla, 1997, Effects of age and estrogen status on serum parathyroid hormone levels and biochemical markers of bone turnover in women: a population-based study., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, 1522
  163. Heaney, 1982, Calcium nutrition and bone health in the elderly., Am J Clin Nutr, 36, 986, 10.1093/ajcn/36.5.986 · DOI · Paper page
  164. McKane, 1996, Role of calcium intake in modulating age-related increases in parathyroid function and bone resorption., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 1699
  165. Clements, 1987, A new mechanism for induced vitamin D deficiency in calcium deprivation., Nature, 325, 62, 10.1038/325062a0 · DOI · Paper page
  166. Lips, 1991, Stimulation and suppression of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH1–84) in normal subjects and hyperparathyroid patients., Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 35, 35, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03493.x · DOI
  167. Marie, 1982, Histological osteomalacia due to dietary calcium deficieny in children., N Engl J Med, 307, 584, 10.1056/NEJM198209023071003 · DOI
  168. Guillemant, 1995, Vitamin D-dependent seasonal variation of PTH in growing male adolescents., Bone, 17, 513, 10.1016/8756-3282(95)00401-7 · DOI
  169. Feleke, 1999, Low levels of serum calcidiol in an African population compared to a North European population., Eur J Endocrinol, 141, 358, 10.1530/eje.0.1410358 · DOI
  170. Guillemant, 1999, Vitamin D status during puberty in French healthy male adolescents., Osteoporos Int, 10, 222, 10.1007/s001980050219 · DOI
  171. Zerwekh, 1983, Long term 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis: demonstration of responsive and non-responsive subgroups., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 56, 410, 10.1210/jcem-56-2-410 · DOI
  172. Ooms, 1995, Prevention of bone loss by vitamin D supplementation in elderly women: a randomized double-blind trial., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 80, 1052
  173. Chapuy, 1992, Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women., N Engl J Med, 327, 1637, 10.1056/NEJM199212033272305 · DOI · Paper page
  174. Malabanan, 1998, Redefining vitamin D insufficiency., Lancet, 351, 805, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78933-9 · DOI · Paper page
  175. Lips, 2001, A global study of vitamin D status and parathyroid function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: baseline data from the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Clinical Trial., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 1212, 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7327 · DOI · Paper page
  176. Clements, 1992, The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the mechanism of acquired vitamin D deficiency., Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 37, 17, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02278.x · DOI
  177. Corless, 1978, Response of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D to ultraviolet irradiation in long-stay geriatric patients., Lancet, 2, 649, 10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92760-5 · DOI
  178. Khaw, 1994, Single-dose cholecalciferol suppresses the winter increase in parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy older men and women., Am J Clin Nutr, 59, 1040, 10.1093/ajcn/59.5.1040 · DOI
  179. Dawson-Hughes, 1997, Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age and older., N Engl J Med, 337, 670, 10.1056/NEJM199709043371003 · DOI · Paper page
  180. Lips, 1996, Vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis: the role of vitamin D deficiency and treatment with vitamin D and analogues in the prevention of osteoporosis-related fractures., Eur J Clin Invest, 26, 436, 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.176290.x · DOI
  181. Brazier, 1995, Markers of bone remodeling in the elderly subject: effects of vitamin D insufficiency and its correction., J Bone Miner Res, 10, 1753, 10.1002/jbmr.5650101119 · DOI
  182. Prestwood, 1996, The effect of a short course of calcium and vitamin D on bone turnover in older women., Osteoporos Int, 6, 314, 10.1007/BF01623391 · DOI
  183. Kamel, 1996, Different responses of free and peptide-bound cross-links to vitamin D and calcium supplementation in elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, 3717
  184. Dawson-Hughes, 1995, Rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to one of two dosages of vitamin D., Am J Clin Nutr, 61, 1140, 10.1093/ajcn/61.5.1140 · DOI
  185. Adams, 1999, Resolution of vitamin D insufficiency in osteopenic patients results in rapid recovery of bone mineral density., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 2729
  186. Peacock, 2000, Effect of calcium or 25OH vitamin D3 dietary supplementation on bone loss at the hip in men and women over the age of 60., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 3011
  187. Graafmans, 1997, The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the bone mineral density of the femoral neck is associated with vitamin D receptor genotype., J Bone Miner Res, 12, 1241, 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.8.1241 · DOI
  188. Corless, 1985, Do vitamin D supplements improve the physical capabilities of elderly hospital patients?, Age Ageing, 14, 76, 10.1093/ageing/14.2.76 · DOI
  189. Gloth, 1995, Functional improvement with vitamin D replenishment in a cohort of frail, vitamin D-deficient older people., J Am Geriatr Soc, 48, 1269, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07404.x · DOI
  190. Kanis, 1984, Treatment of osteoporotic fracture., Lancet, 1, 27, 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)90191-0 · DOI
  191. Ooms, 1994, The incidence of hip fractures in independent and institutionalized elderly people., Osteoporos Int, 4, 6, 10.1007/BF02352254 · DOI
  192. Heikinheimo, 1992, Annual injection of vitamin D and fractures of aged bones., Calcif Tissue Int, 51, 105, 10.1007/BF00298497 · DOI · Paper page
  193. Chapuy, 1994, Effect of calcium and cholecalciferol treatment for three years on hip fractures in elderly women., Br Med J, 308, 1081, 10.1136/bmj.308.6936.1081 · DOI · Paper page
  194. Davies, 1985, Vitamin D prophylaxis in the elderly: a simple, effective method suitable for large populations., Age Ageing, 14, 349, 10.1093/ageing/14.6.349 · DOI
  195. Weisman, 1986, Single oral high-dose vitamin D3 prophylaxis in the elderly., J Am Geriatr Soc, 34, 515, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb04243.x · DOI
  196. Johnson, 1980, Prophylactic vitamin D in the elderly., Age Ageing, 9, 121, 10.1093/ageing/9.2.121 · DOI
  197. Barger-Lux, 1998, Vitamin D and its major metabolites: serum levels after graded oral dosing in healthy men., Osteoporos Int, 8, 222, 10.1007/s001980050058 · DOI · Paper page
  198. Adams, 1997, Gains in bone mineral density with resolution of vitamin D intoxication., Ann Intern Med, 127, 203, 10.7326/0003-4819-127-3-199708010-00004 · DOI
  199. Jacobus, 1992, Hypervitaminosis D associated with drinking milk., N Engl J Med, 326, 1173, 10.1056/NEJM199204303261801 · DOI
  200. Selby, 1995, Vitamin D intoxication causes hypercalcaemia by increased bone resorption which responds to pamidronate., Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 43, 531, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02916.x · DOI

200 of 211 shown

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Lips, P.
Venue
Endocrine Reviews
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2001-08-01
Volume
22
Issue
4
Pages
477-501
ISSN
  • 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7189
DOI
10.1210/edrv.22.4.0437
OpenAlex
W2137266781
Cited by
2,118
References
4
FWCI
22.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.