Cited by 4,102Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyContext-Aware Activity Recognition Systems

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Compendium of Physical Activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities

AINSWORTH, BARBARA E., HASKELL, WILLIAM L., LEON, ARTHUR S., JACOBS, DAVID R., MONTOYE, HENRY J., SALLIS, JAMES F., PAFFENBARGER, RALPH S.·1993·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A coding scheme is presented for classifying physical activity by rate of energy expenditure, i.e., by intensity. Energy cost was established by a review of published and unpublished data. This coding scheme employs five digits that classify activity by purpose (i.e., sports, occupation, self-care), the specific type of activity, and its intensity as the ratio of work metabolic rate to resting metabolic rate (METs). Energy expenditure in kilocalories or kilocalories per kilogram body weight can be estimated for all activities, specific activities, or activity types. General use of this coding system would enhance the comparability of results across studies using self reports of physical activity.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Still being checked.

Sorted by citations

Items 1,001–1,037 of 1,037

Correlates of Changes in Leisure Time Physical Activity over 2 Years: The Healthy Worker Project
Schmitz, K., French, S. A., & Jeffery, R. W. (1997) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1997.0178 · Cited by 71
Physical activity offsets genetic risk for incident depression assessed via electronic health records in a biobank cohort study
Choi, K. W., Zheutlin, A. B., Karlson, R. A., Wang, M., Dunn, E. C., Stein, M. B., Karlson, E. W., & Smoller, J. W. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22967 · Cited by 68
Patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation for lower limb orthopaedic conditions do much less physical activity than recommended in guidelines for healthy older adults: an observational study
Peiris, C. L., Taylor, N. F., & Shields, N. (2013) · Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s1836-9553(13)70145-0 · Cited by 69
Thyroid Status and 6‐Year Mortality in Elderly People Living in a Mildly Iodine‐Deficient Area: The Aging in the Chianti Area Study
Ceresini, G., Ceda, G. P., Lauretani, F., Maggio, M., Usberti, E., Marina, M., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., Valenti, G., & Ferrucci, L. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12267 · Cited by 67
Residential proximity to green spaces and breast cancer risk: The multicase-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain)
O'Callaghan-Gordo, C., Kogevinas, M., Cirach, M., Castaño-Vinyals, G., Aragonés, N., Delfrade, J., Fernández-Villa, T., Amiano, P., Dierssen-Sotos, T., Tardon, A., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.014 · Cited by 63
Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary activity in adolescent girls - the Incorporating More Physical Activity and Calcium in Teens (IMPACT) Study
Jones, D., Hoelscher, D. M., Kelder, S. H., Hergenroeder, A., & Sharma, S. V. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-42 · Cited by 62
Limb venous compliance in patients with idiopathic orthostatic intolerance and postural tachycardia
Freeman, R., Lirofonis, V., Farquhar, W. B., & Risk, M. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00817.2001 · Cited by 61
Physical activity compared to adiposity and risk of liver-related mortality: results from two prospective, nationwide cohorts
Simon, T. G., Kim, M. N., Luo, X., Yang, W., Ma, Y., Chong, D. Q., Fuchs, C. S., Meyerhardt, J. A., Corey, K. E., Chung, R. T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.12.022 · Cited by 57
Effect of hormone therapy on lean body mass, falls, and fractures: 6-year results from the Women's Health Initiative hormone trials
Bea, J. W., Zhao, Q., Cauley, J. A., LaCroix, A. Z., Bassford, T., Lewis, C. E., Jackson, R. D., Tylavsky, F. A., & Chen, Z. (2011) · Menopause · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181e3aab1 · Cited by 55
Wrist-worn accelerometers in assessment of energy expenditure during intensive training
Kinnunen, H., Tanskanen, M., Kyröläinen, H., & Westerterp, K. R. (2012) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/33/11/1841 · Cited by 53
Non classical risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of the literature
Dode, M. A. S. D. O., & Santos, I. S. D. (2009) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2009001500002 · Cited by 52
Physical activity and incidence of heart failure in postmenopausal women
LaMonte, M. J., Manson, J. E., Chomistek, A. K., Larson, J. C., Lewis, C. E., Bea, J. W., Johnson, K. C., Li, W., Klein, L., LaCroix, A. Z., et al. (2018) · JACC: Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2018.06.020 · Cited by 49
Levantamento Epidemiológico da prática de atividade física na cidade de São Paulo
Mello, M. T. D., Fernandez, A. C., & Tufik, S. (2000) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922000000400003 · Cited by 49
Aerobic exercise attenuates the loss of skeletal muscle during energy restriction in adults with visceral adiposity
Yoshimura, E., Kumahara, H., Tobina, T., Matsuda, T., Watabe, K., Matono, S., Ayabe, M., Kiyonaga, A., Anzai, K., Higaki, Y., et al. (2014) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000358576 · Cited by 48
Activity-Related Energy Expenditure in Older Adults: A Call for More Research
HALL, K. S., MOREY, M. C., DUTTA, C., MANINI, T. M., WELTMAN, A. L., NELSON, M. E., MORGAN, A. L., SENIOR, J. G., SEYFFARTH, C., & BUCHNER, D. M. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000356 · Cited by 48
Dietary zinc intake and the risk of depression in middle-aged men: a 20-year prospective follow-up study
Lehto, S. M., Ruusunen, A., Tolmunen, T., Voutilainen, S., Tuomainen, T.-P., & Kauhanen, J. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.027 · Cited by 45
Physical activity and risk of cerebrovascular disease in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Spain study
Huerta, J. M., Chirlaque, M.-D., Tormo, M.-J., Gavrila, D., Arriola, L., Moreno-Iribas, C., Amiano, P., Ardanaz, E., Barricarte, A., Dorronsoro, M., et al. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.670612 · Cited by 44
Low lifetime recreational activity is a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease
Wilson, A. M., Sadrzadeh-Rafie, A. H., Myers, J., Assimes, T., Nead, K. T., Higgins, M., Gabriel, A., Olin, J., & Cooke, J. P. (2011) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2011.02.052 · Cited by 45
Development, Construct Validity, and Predictive Validity of a Continuous Frailty Scale: Results From 2 Large US Cohorts
Wu, C., Geldhof, G. J., Xue, Q.-L., Kim, D. H., Newman, A. B., & Odden, M. C. (2018) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwy041 · Cited by 45
Association between phytochemical index and metabolic syndrome
Kim, M., & Park, K. (2020) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2020.14.3.252 · Cited by 44
Outcomes of a school-based intervention (RESCATE) to improve physical activity patterns in Mexican children aged 8-10 years
Colin-Ramirez, E., Castillo-Martinez, L., Orea-Tejeda, A., Vergara-Castaneda, A., Keirns-Davis, C., & Villa-Romero, A. (2010) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyq056 · Cited by 43
Resting oxygen uptake value of 1 metabolic equivalent of task in older adults: A systematic review and descriptive analysis
Leal-Martín, J., Muñoz-Muñoz, M., Keadle, S. K., Amaro-Gahete, F., Alegre, L. M., Mañas, A., & Ara, I. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01539-1 · Cited by 41
Applying a technology‐based system for weight loss in adults with obesity
Rogers, R. J., Lang, W., Barone Gibbs, B., Davis, K. K., Burke, L. E., Kovacs, S. J., Portzer, L. A., & Jakicic, J. M. (2016) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.18 · Cited by 40
Total daily energy expenditure and patterns of physical activity in adolescents assessed by two different methods
Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., & Sjöström, M. (1999) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00243.x · Cited by 31
Contributions of weekly mean blood glucose values to hemoglobin A1c in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Outcomes in Veterans Study (DOVES)
Murata, G. H., Hoffman, R. M., Wendel, C. S., Shah, J. H., & Duckworth, W. C. (2004) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-200406000-00004 · Cited by 27
Low free T3 to free T4 ratio was associated with low muscle mass and impaired physical performance in community-dwelling aged population
Kong, S. H., Kim, J. H., Park, Y. J., Lee, J. H., Hong, A. R., Shin, C. S., & Cho, N. H. (2020) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-019-05137-w · Cited by 28
The influence of physical characteristics on the resting energy expenditure of youth: A meta-analysis
Herrmann, S. D., McMurray, R. G., Kim, Y., Willis, E. A., Kang, M., & McCurdy, T. (2017) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22944 · Cited by 27
Aerobic exercise training decreases leucine oxidation at rest in healthy adults
Gaine, P. C., Viesselman, C. T., Pikosky, M. A., Martin, W. F., Armstrong, L. E., Pescatello, L. S., & Rodriguez, N. R. (2005) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.5.1088 · Cited by 26
Physical activity, sleep and risk of respiratory infections: A Swedish cohort study
Ghilotti, F., Pesonen, A.-S., Raposo, S. E., Winell, H., Nyrén, O., Trolle Lagerros, Y., & Plymoth, A. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190270 · Cited by 18
Energy cost expression for a Youth Compendium of Physical Activities: Rationale for using age groups
Pfeiffer, K. A., Watson, K. B., McMurray, R. G., Bassett, D. R., Butte, N. F., Crouter, S. E., Herrmann, S. D., Trost, S. G., Ainsworth, B. E., Fulton, J. E., et al. (2018) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2016-0249 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise on markers of hypertension in men
Baghaiee, B., Karimi, P., Ebrahimi, K., Dabagh Nikoo kheslat, S., Sadeghi Zali, M. H., Daneshian Moghaddam, A. M., & Sadaghian, M. (2018) · Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research · doi:10.15171/jcvtr.2018.26 · Cited by 14
Social-emotional functioning explains the effects of physical activity on academic performance among Chinese primary school students: a mediation analysis
Zhang, Y., Niu, L., Zhang, D., Ip, P., Ho, F., Jiang, Y., Sun, W., Zhu, Q., & Jiang, F. (2019) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.11.045 · Cited by 13
Sitting Time, Type, and Context Among Long-Term Weight-Loss Maintainers
Roake, J., Phelan, S., Alarcon, N., Keadle, S. K., Rethorst, C. D., & Foster, G. D. (2021) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23148 · Cited by 12
Heart rate, energy expenditure, and affective responses from children participating in trampoline park sessions compared with traditional extra-curricular sports clubs
Budzynski-Seymour, E., Wade, M., Lawson, R., Lucas, A., & Steele, J. (2019) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.18.09351-9 · Cited by 8
Use of Heart Rate Index to Predict Oxygen Uptake – A Validation Study
(2020) · International Journal of Exercise Science · doi:10.70252/thpw3818 · Cited by 6
“The prediction agreement shown at 40% of VO2max is encouraging as this intensity (~5 METs) represents a level of exertion often experienced in leisure physical activities (2).”
Background
Impact of age, cardiorespiratory fitness, and regular physical activity on physiological strain and cognitive performance during a 6-h extreme heat exposure
Brown, H. A., John, K., Elliott, J. D., Deshayes, T. A., Gagnon, D., Jay, O., Clark, B., & Périard, J. D. (2026) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00105.2026 · Cited by 2
Untitled work
(2002) · doi:10.1352/0047-6765(2002)040

Authors: AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., LEON, A. S., JACOBS, D. R., MONTOYE, H. J., SALLIS, J. F., & PAFFENBARGER, R. S.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
ORCID: AINSWORTH, BARBARA E.
HASKELL, WILLIAM L.
JACOBS, DAVID R.
SALLIS, JAMES F.
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1993-01
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Pages: 71-80
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011
OpenAlex: W2045065444
Cited by: 4,102
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 63 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 161 · 2021: 133 · 2020: 126 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 145 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 119 · 2014: 169 · 2013: 172 · 2012: 162
FWCI: 15.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01hl037561-02)
U.S. Public Health Service (RFA-86-90-P)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 36272, 5-RO1-HL-37561)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
Keywords: physical activity classification, energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, physical activity intensity, coding scheme, self-reported physical activity, resting metabolic rate, sport, occupational physical activity, self-care
MeSH terms: Energy Metabolism, Humans, Leisure Activities

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Compendium of Physical Activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks