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Mimicry and automatic imitation are not correlated
Open accessAbstract
It is widely known that individuals have a tendency to imitate each other. However, different psychological disciplines assess imitation in different manners. While social psychologists assess mimicry by means of action observation, cognitive psychologists assess automatic imitation with reaction time based measures on a trial-by-trial basis. Although these methods differ in crucial methodological aspects, both phenomena are assumed to rely on similar underlying mechanisms. This raises the fundamental question whether mimicry and automatic imitation are actually correlated. In the present research we assessed both phenomena and did not find a meaningful correlation. Moreover, personality traits such as empathy, autism traits, and traits related to self- versus other-focus did not correlate with mimicry or automatic imitation either. Theoretical implications are discussed.
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“More recent work also showed a greater interference effect for female individuals compared with male individuals (Genschow et al., 2017), as well as greater error rates for predominantly female samples than male samples (Cracco et al., 2018).”
From Functional Specificity and Sex Differences in the Neural Circuits Supporting the Inhibition of Automatic Imitation (2018) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“This result extends prior behavioral research on sex differences, which did not separate spatial (or orthogonal spatial) from imitative responses in imitation control (Genschow et al., 2017;Butler et al., 2015).”
From Functional Specificity and Sex Differences in the Neural Circuits Supporting the Inhibition of Automatic Imitation (2018) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
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“Indeed, it is well-established in the literature that automatic imitation comprises both a facilitation and an interference effect (Brass et al., 2000;Cracco et al., 2015;Genschow et al., 2017).”
From Automatic imitation of multiple agents: A computational model (2019) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
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“Given that such a balance is well-grounded in the literature (Brass et al., 2000;Cracco et al., 2015;Genschow et al., 2017), this indicates that the model is robust under realistic circumstances.”
From Automatic imitation of multiple agents: A computational model (2019) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
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“However, more recent behavioural evidence suggests that imitation may not vary as a function of autistic-like traits or empathy, thus questioning the reliance of imitation inhibition on a distinctly social mechanism (Butler et al., 2015;Cracco et al., 2018;Genschow et al., 2017).”
From The inhibition of automatic imitation: a meta-analysis and synthesis of fMRI studies (2018) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
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“The imitation task used by Genschow and colleagues (2017) was controlled for left-right spatial compatibility by presenting the stimulus hand orthogonal to the response.”
From Functional Specificity and Sex Differences in the Neural Circuits Supporting the Inhibition of Automatic Imitation (2018) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
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“Thus, in line with Simulation 2, these findings suggests that the model is robust under realistic circumstances (Brass et al., 2000;Cracco et al., 2015;Genschow et al., 2017).”
From Automatic imitation of multiple agents: A computational model (2019) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“However, even though empathy has been associated with different types of imitation paradigms (Müller, Leeuwen, Baaren, Bekkering, & Dijksterhuis, 2013;Sonnby-Borgström, Jönsson, & Svensson, 2003;Sonnby-Borgström, 2002;Chartrand & Bargh, 1999), the evidence to date suggests that there is no link between imitation, as measured by RTs, and empathy (Genschow et al., 2017;Butler et al., 2015).”
From Functional Specificity and Sex Differences in the Neural Circuits Supporting the Inhibition of Automatic Imitation (2018) · cites this paper as Genschow et al., 2017
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Automatic imitation: A meta-analysis.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Genschow, O., van Den Bossche, S., Cracco, E., Bardi, L., Rigoni, D., & Brass, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Genschow, Oliver
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2017-09-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- e0183784
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5587324
- OpenAlex
- W2751775184
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 22.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (PZ00P1_168007)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- mimicry, automatic imitation, action observation, reaction time, empathy, autistic traits, personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Biological Mimicry, Empathy, Female, Humans, Imitative Behavior, Male, Personality, Personality Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors
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