Update on mitochondria and muscle aging: All wrong roads lead to sarcopenia
Open accessAbstract
Sarcopenia is a well-known geriatric syndrome that has been endorsed over the years as a biomarker allowing for the discrimination, at a clinical level, of biological from chronological age. Multiple candidate mechanisms have been linked to muscle degeneration during sarcopenia. Among them, there is wide consensus on the central role played by the loss of mitochondrial integrity in myocytes, secondary to dysfunctional quality control mechanisms. Indeed, mitochondria establish direct or indirect contacts with other cellular components (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, lysosomes/vacuoles) as well as the extracellular environment through the release of several biomolecules. The functional implications of these interactions in the context of muscle physiology and sarcopenia are not yet fully appreciated and represent a promising area of investigation. Here, we present an overview of recent findings concerning the interrelation between mitochondrial quality control processes, inflammation and the metabolic regulation of muscle mass in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia highlighting those pathways that may be exploited for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions against muscle aging.
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“Mitochondrial quality control (MQC), which includes mitochondrial proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy, is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis in muscle cells during aging [59,60] In aging muscle, mitochondrial alterations are associated with downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated recep…”
BackgroundThe role of mitochondria in aging
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“These mitochondrial deficits track closely with functional decline in muscle strength and are believed by most to be a causal factor for age-related sarcopenia (65).”
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“Hence, the preservation of well-functioning mitochondria is pivotal for maintaining cellular homeostasis [24].”
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“Multisystem derangements contribute to muscle loss and may ultimately lead to the development of PF&S [9].”
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Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics affects behaviour and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
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“to be critically involved in age-related muscle degeneration [50].”
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“In addition, damaged mitochondria lead to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and the activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), which plays a major role in muscle degradation (17).”
BackgroundGranic, A., Suetterlin, K., Shavlakadze, T., Grounds, M. D., & Sayer, A. A. (2023) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20230319 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Therefore, it is not clear if mitochondrial decline causes sarcopenia or is a result of sarcopenia [161].”
BackgroundMassimino, E., Izzo, A. C., Riccardi, G., & Pepa, G. D. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10081958 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“The mechanisms underlying the age-related changes involved in sarcopenia are not completely understood and are related to several and interacting processes: decline in the synthesis of muscle proteins [21], post-prandial resistance to synthesize protein in response to various nutritional factors [22], alteration in ho…”
BackgroundUbiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle atrophy
Pang, X., Zhang, P., Chen, X., & Liu, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1289537 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The clinical impact and biological mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging
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“, sarcopenia, insulin resistance) is a topic that remains at the leading edge of aging research [191, 192].”
BackgroundRole of lncRNAs in aging and age‐related diseases
He, J., Tu, C., & Liu, Y. (2018) · Aging Medicine · doi:10.1002/agm2.12030 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“level, and increased inflammation, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.(201) H19 is implicated in skeletal muscle differentiation by acting as a molecular sponge to bind the miRlet‐7.”
BackgroundPicca, A., Beli, R., Calvani, R., Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., Bucci, C., Guerra, F., & Marzetti, E. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9040973 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Among the factors involved in muscle degeneration associated with PF&S, mitochondrial dysfunction and the accrual of abnormal organelles have been indicated as relevant players [30].”
BackgroundSelf-citationContribution of muscle satellite cells to sarcopenia
Huo, F., Liu, Q., & Liu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.892749 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Decreased numbers of mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction occurring with aging can lead to muscle reduction and functional decline (Chabi et al., 2008; Wawrzyniak et al., 2016; Picca et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMolecular Mechanism and Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia: An Overview
Picca, A., & Calvani, R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22063032 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“, inflammation and amino acid dysmetabolism) have been pinpointed as candidate molecular markers of sarcopenia [5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationKim, M., Sinam, I. S., Zerwa, S., Jeon, J., & Lee, I. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2022.0305 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Among muscle cell types, a myofiber is a postmitotic, highly differentiated cell containing mitochondria as the sole provider of energy for movement and metabolism [7].”
BackgroundFan, J., Fan, J., & Khanzada, Z. (2025) · Muscles · doi:10.3390/muscles4030026 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Among the cellular hallmarks of muscle aging and diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction has been extensively studied and recognized as a central contributor [7–14].”
Aging alters acetylation status in skeletal and cardiac muscles
Yeo, D., Kang, C., & Ji, L. L. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00171-7 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“It is well-documented that deterioration of mitochondrial function plays a critical role in the process of muscle aging (Hepple 2014; Picca et al. 2018).”
BackgroundThe role and therapeutic potential of stem cells in skeletal muscle in sarcopenia
Cai, Z., Liu, D., Yang, Y., Xie, W., He, M., Yu, D., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Xiao, W., & Li, Y. (2022) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02706-5 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
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Self-citationПОСТМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНАЯ ОСТЕОСАРКОПЕНИЯ
Іgnatiev, О. М., Turchin, M. I., & Yermolenko, T. О. (2021) · Актуальні питання педіатрії акушерства та гінекології · doi:10.11603/24116-4944.2020.2.11845
- Authors
- Picca, A., Calvani, R., Bossola, M., Allocca, E., Menghi, A., Pesce, V., Lezza, A. M. S., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., & Marzetti, E.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Calvani, Riccardo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2018-01-31
- Volume
- 399
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 421-436
- ISSN
- 1431-6730 (ISSN-L)
- 1437-4315
- OpenAlex
- W2896096385
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, muscle aging, mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle cells, inflammation, muscle mass regulation, geriatric syndromes
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Humans, Mitochondria, Muscles, Sarcopenia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-09.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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