Oxidative phosphorylation, not glycolysis, powers presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms underlying brain information processing
Open accessAbstract
Neural activity has been suggested to initially trigger ATP production by glycolysis, rather than oxidative phosphorylation, for three reasons: glycolytic enzymes are associated with ion pumps; neurons may increase their energy supply by activating glycolysis in astrocytes to generate lactate; and activity increases glucose uptake more than O₂ uptake. In rat hippocampal slices, neuronal activity rapidly decreased the levels of extracellular O₂ and intracellular NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), even with lactate dehydrogenase blocked to prevent lactate generation, or with only 20% superfused O₂ to mimic physiological O₂ levels. Pharmacological analysis revealed an energy budget in which 11% of O₂ use was on presynaptic action potentials, 17% was on presynaptic Ca²⁺ entry and transmitter release, 46% was on postsynaptic glutamate receptors, and 26% was on postsynaptic action potentials, in approximate accord with theoretical brain energy budgets. Thus, the major mechanisms mediating brain information processing are all initially powered by oxidative phosphorylation, and an astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle is not needed for this to occur.
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MCT and lactate transport contribute to neuronal health and function.
“If an ANLS operates at rest, it could also explain why chronic disruption of MCT, LDH, or glycogenolysis in astrocytes can affect neuronal function (Suzuki et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2016; Mazuel et al., 2017); these and similar results showing that MCT and lactate transport contribute to neuronal health and function provide evidence for some critical biological role for lactate uptake, but do”
From Fueling thought: Management of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in neuronal metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2012
In brain slices, [O2] shows a pronounced dip with stimulation, corresponding with increased O2 consumption.
“in brain slices, [O2] shows a pronounced dip with stimulation, corresponding with increased O2 consumption (Hall et al., 2012; Liotta et al., 2012; Ivanov et al., 2014).”
From Fueling thought: Management of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in neuronal metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2012
Dendrites are sites of intense energy utilization.
“Dendrites are sites of intense energy utilization (Hall et al., 2012),”
From Fueling thought: Management of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in neuronal metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2012
Glycolysis alone is insufficient to power neuronal ion pumping.
“Certainly glycolysis alone is insufficient to power neuronal ion pumping (Hall et al., 2012),”
From Fueling thought: Management of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in neuronal metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2012
Neurons possess many mitochondria and rely chronically on them as a major source of ATP.
“Neurons possess many mitochondria and rely chronically on them as a major source of ATP (Hall et al., 2012),”
From Fueling thought: Management of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in neuronal metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2012
Oxygen consumption increases promptly in response to stimulation in brain slices.
“Measurements of oxygen levels in brain slices indicate that oxygen consumption does increase promptly in response to stimulation (Hall et al., 2012; Ivanov et al., 2014)”
From Neuronal Stimulation Triggers Neuronal Glycolysis and Not Lactate Uptake (2017) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2012
Oxidative phosphorylation is pivotal in fueling pre- and post-synaptic processing, whose alteration impacts mitochondrial function, which in turn affects the sirtuin pathway.
“Oxidative phosphorylation is pivotal in fueling pre- and post-synaptic processing45, whose alteration impacts mitochondrial function, which in turn affects the sirtuin pathway46.”
From Cell type-specific transcriptional programs in mouse prefrontal cortex during adolescence and addiction (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Hall, C. N., Klein-Flugge, M. C., Howarth, C., & Attwell, D.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Attwell, D.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-06-27
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 8940-8951
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3390246
- OpenAlex
- W2069821327
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 8.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (017948, 075232/Z/04/Z)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, brain energy metabolism, oxygen consumption, NADH, astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, presynaptic mechanisms, postsynaptic mechanisms, glutamate receptors, action potential, calcium influx, neurotransmitter release, hippocampus, brain information processing
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Electric Stimulation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Glycolysis, Hippocampus, Models, Biological, NAD, Neurons, Organic Chemicals, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Oxygen, Synapses, Tetrodotoxin, Valine, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Presynaptic Terminals, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Statistics, Nonparametric, 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, Cadmium Chloride, Lactic Acid, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Sodium Channel Blockers, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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