Dissociable Changes of Frontal and Parietal Cortices in Inherent Functional Flexibility across the Human Life Span
Open accessAbstract
Extensive evidence suggests that frontoparietal regions can dynamically update their pattern of functional connectivity, supporting cognitive control and adaptive implementation of task demands. However, it is largely unknown whether this flexibly functional reconfiguration is intrinsic and occurs even in the absence of overt tasks. Based on recent advances in dynamics of resting-state functional resonance imaging (fMRI), we propose a probabilistic framework in which dynamic reconfiguration of intrinsic functional connectivity between each brain region and others can be represented as a probability distribution. A complexity measurement (i.e., entropy) was used to quantify functional flexibility, which characterizes heterogeneous connectivity between a particular region and others over time. Following this framework, we identified both functionally flexible and specialized regions over the human life span (112 healthy subjects from 13 to 76 years old). Across brainwide regions, we found regions showing high flexibility mainly in the higher-order association cortex, such as the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), lateral parietal cortex, and lateral temporal lobules. In contrast, visual, auditory, and sensory areas exhibited low flexibility. Furthermore, we observed that flexibility of the right LPFC improved during maturation and reduced due to normal aging, with the opposite occurring for the left lateral parietal cortex. Our findings reveal dissociable changes of frontal and parietal cortices over the life span in terms of inherent functional flexibility. This study not only provides a new framework to quantify the spatiotemporal behavior of spontaneous brain activity, but also sheds light on the organizational principle behind changes in brain function across the human life span. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent neuroscientific research has demonstrated that the human capability of adaptive task control is primarily the result of the flexible operation of frontal brain networks. However, it remains unclear whether this flexibly functional reconfiguration is intrinsic and occurs in the absence of an overt task. In this study, we propose a probabilistic framework to quantify the functional flexibility of each brain region using resting-state fMRI. We identify regions showing high flexibility mainly in the higher-order association cortex. In contrast, primary and unimodal visual and sensory areas show low flexibility. On the other hand, our findings reveal dissociable changes of frontal and parietal cortices in terms of inherent functional flexibility over the life span.
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Higher-order association cortex regions show high functional flexibility, and frontal and parietal regions show separable age-related changes across life.
“Brain regions in higher-order association cortices exhibit high levels of functional flexibility, with dissociable age-related changes observed in frontal and parietal regions across the lifespan53.”
From Cognitive and behavioural flexibility: Neural mechanisms and clinical considerations (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Yin, D., Liu, W., Zeljic, K., Wang, Z., Lv, Q., Fan, M., Cheng, W., & Wang, Z.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- East China Normal University (CN)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2016-09-28
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 10060-10074
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6705576
- OpenAlex
- W2527225685
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (2014KIP206)
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- functional flexibility, resting-state functional connectivity, human lifespan, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, lateral parietal cortex, lateral temporal lobe, brain maturation, brain aging, entropy (information theory), probabilistic framework, spontaneous brain activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging, Cortical Synchronization, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Longevity, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Parietal Lobe, Young Adult
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