A Developmental fMRI Study of Reading and Repetition Reveals Changes in Phonological and Visual Mechanisms Over Age

Church, J. A.; Coalson, R. S.; Lugar, H. M.; Petersen, S. E.; Schlaggar, B. L.

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm228

Cited by 146Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismLanguage Development and Disorders

A Developmental fMRI Study of Reading and Repetition Reveals Changes in Phonological and Visual Mechanisms Over Age

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Church, J. A., Coalson, R. S., Lugar, H. M., Petersen, S. E., Schlaggar, B. L.·2008·Cerebral Cortex

DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhm228PMC PMC2517103

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Abstract

In this study of reading development, children (ages 7-10) and adults (ages 18-32) performed overt single-word reading and aural repetition tasks on high-frequency word stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Most regions showed similar activity across age groups. These widespread regions of similarity indicate that children and adults use largely overlapping mechanisms when processing high-frequency words. Significant task-related differences included greater activity in occipital cortex for the read task, and greater activity in temporal cortex for the repeat task; activity levels in these regions were similar for adults and children. However, age group differences were found in several posterior regions, including a set of regions implicated in adult reading: the left supramarginal gyrus, the left angular gyrus, and bilateral anterior extrastriate cortex. The angular and supramarginal gyrus regions, hypothesized to play a role in phonology, showed decreased activity in adults relative to children for high-frequency words. The extrastriate regions had significant activity for both the visual read task and auditory repeat task in children, but just for the read task in adults, showing significant task and age interactions. These results are consistent with decreasing reliance on phonological processing, and increasing tuning of visual mechanisms, with age.

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Variability in fMRI findings around the occipito-temporal sulcus is unlikely to be caused by differences between orthographic systems.
“Differences between orthographic systems are unlikely to be the reason for this variability in fMRI results, because there are both negative and positive results in both German (compare Brem et al., 2006 with Kronbichler et al., 2006) and English (compare Church et al., 2008 with Turkeltaub et al., 2003).”
From The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms (2011) · cites this paper as Church et al., 2008

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The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding
Park, D. C., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656 · Cited by 2,790 · see citing works
Development of Anterior Cingulate Functional Connectivity from Late Childhood to Early Adulthood
Kelly, A. M. C., Di Martino, A., Uddin, L. Q., Shehzad, Z., Gee, D. G., Reiss, P. T., Margulies, D. S., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn117 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Defining functional areas in individual human brains using resting functional connectivity MRI
Cohen, A. L., Fair, D. A., Dosenbach, N. U. F., Miezin, F. M., Dierker, D., Van Essen, D. C., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.066 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
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Brain sensitivity to print emerges when children learn letter-speech sound correspondences
Brem, S., Bach, S., Kucian, K., Kujala, J. V., Guttorm, T. K., Martin, E., Lyytinen, H., Brandeis, D., & Richardson, U. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904402107 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Meta-analyzing brain dysfunctions in dyslexic children and adults
Richlan, F., Kronbichler, M., & Wimmer, H. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.040 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
The emergence of the visual word form: longitudinal evolution of category-specific ventral visual areas during reading acquisition
Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Monzalvo, K., & Dehaene, S. (2018) · PLOS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2004103 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Reading in the brain of children and adults: A meta‐analysis of 40 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Martin, A., Schurz, M., Kronbichler, M., & Richlan, F. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22749 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Indexes Reading Competence in Children and Adults
Koyama, M. S., Martino, A. D., Zuo, X., Kelly, C. A. M., Mennes, M., Jutagir, D. R., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4865-10.2011 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal dynamics of electrocorticographic high gamma activity during overt and covert word repetition
Pei, X., Leuthardt, E. C., Gaona, C. M., Brunner, P., Wolpaw, J. R., & Schalk, G. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.029 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
The Development of Cortical Sensitivity to Visual Word Forms
Ben-Shachar, M., Dougherty, R. F., Deutsch, G. K., & Wandell, B. A. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2011.21615 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
The Putative Visual Word Form Area Is Functionally Connected to the Dorsal Attention Network
Vogel, A. C., Miezin, F. M., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr100 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
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The neural basis of surface dyslexia in semantic dementia
Wilson, S. M., Brambati, S. M., Henry, R. G., Handwerker, D. A., Agosta, F., Miller, B. L., Wilkins, D. P., Ogar, J. M., & Gorno‐Tempini, M. L. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn300 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Dyslexic brain activation abnormalities in deep and shallow orthographies: A meta‐analysis of 28 functional neuroimaging studies
Martin, A., Kronbichler, M., & Richlan, F. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23202 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The “Task B problem” and other considerations in developmental functional neuroimaging
Church, J. A., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21036 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
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Tuning of the visual word processing system: Distinct developmental ERP and fMRI effects
Brem, S., Halder, P., Bücher, K., Summers, P. E., Martin, E., & Brandeis, D. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20751 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Reading Networks at Rest
Koyama, M. S., Kelly, C. A. M., Shehzad, Z. E., Penesetti, D., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq005 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Learning to See Words
Wandell, B. A., Rauschecker, A. M., & Yeatman, J. D. (2011) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100434 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Development of the Brain’s Functional Network Architecture
Vogel, A. C., Power, J. D., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2010) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9145-7 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
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The VWFA: it's not just for words anymore
Vogel, A. C., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00088 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
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Neuroimaging of Reading Intervention: A Systematic Review and Activation Likelihood Estimate Meta-Analysis
Barquero, L. A., Davis, N., & Cutting, L. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083668 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
A dual-route perspective on poor reading in a regular orthography: An fMRI study
Wimmer, H., Schurz, M., Sturm, D., Richlan, F., Klackl, J., Kronbichler, M., & Ladurner, G. (2010) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2010.06.004 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Considerations for MRI study design and implementation in pediatric and clinical populations
Greene, D. J., BLACK, K. J., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.005 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
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Left cortical specialization for visual letter strings predicts rudimentary knowledge of letter-sound association in preschoolers
Lochy, A., Reybroeck, M. V., & Rossion, B. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1520366113 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Functional anatomy of listening and reading comprehension during development
Berl, M. M., Duke, E. S., Mayo, J., Rosenberger, L. R., Moore, E. N., VanMeter, J. W., Ratner, N. B., Vaidya, C. J., & Gaillard, W. D. (2010) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2010.06.002 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Visual” Cortex Responds to Spoken Language in Blind Children
Bedny, M., Richardson, H., & Saxe, R. R. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0634-15.2015 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Cultural Constraints on Brain Development: Evidence from a Developmental Study of Visual Word Processing in Mandarin Chinese
Cao, F., Lee, R., Shu, H., Yang, Y., Xu, G., Li, K., & Booth, J. R. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp186 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Nonuniform High-Gamma (60–500 Hz) Power Changes Dissociate Cognitive Task and Anatomy in Human Cortex
Gaona, C. M., Sharma, M., Freudenburg, Z. V., Breshears, J. D., Bundy, D. T., Roland, J. L., Barbour, D. L., Schalk, G., & Leuthardt, E. C. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4722-10.2011 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Visual processing of multiple elements in the dyslexic brain: evidence for a superior parietal dysfunction
Lobier, M., Peyrin, C., Pichat, C., Bas, J. L., & Valdois, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00479 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Role of the superior parietal lobules in letter-identity processing within strings: FMRI evidence from skilled and dyslexicreaders
Reilhac, C., Peyrin, C., Démonet, J., & Valdois, S. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.010 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Emergence of the neural network for reading in five-year-old beginning readers of different levels of pre-literacy abilities: An fMRI study
Yamada, Y., Stevens, C., Dow, M. W., Harn, B., Chard, D. J., & Neville, H. J. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.057 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Functional network architecture of reading-related regions across development
Vogel, A. C., Church, J. A., Power, J. D., Miezin, F. M., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2013) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.12.016 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
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The Left Occipitotemporal Cortex Does Not Show Preferential Activity for Words
Vogel, A. C., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2012) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr295 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
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The neural underpinnings of prosody in autism
Eigsti, I., Schuh, J. M., Mencl, E., Schultz, R. T., & Paul, R. (2011) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2011.639757 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in reading network connectivity related to skill improvement
Younger, J. W., Tucker–Drob, E. M., & Booth, J. R. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.044 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Emergence of the neural network underlying phonological processing from the prereading to the emergent reading stage: A longitudinal study
Yu, X., Raney, T., Perdue, M. V., Zuk, J., Ozernov‐Palchik, O., Becker, B. L. C., Raschle, N. M., & Gaab, N. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23985 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Early emergence of deviant frontal fMRI activity for phonological processes in poor beginning readers
Bach, S., Brandeis, D., Hofstetter, C., Martin, E., Richardson, U., & Brem, S. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.039 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Manipulation of Length and Lexicality Localizes the Functional Neuroanatomy of Phonological Processing in Adult Readers
Church, J. A., Balota, D. A., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21515 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
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Interregional Brain Interactions in Children with Unilateral Hearing Loss
Tibbetts, K. M., Ead, B., Umansky, A. M., Coalson, R. S., Schlaggar, B. L., Firszt, J. B., & Lieu, J. E. C. (2011) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599810394954 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine and Impaired Reading Performance
Cho, K., Frijters, J. C., Heping Zhang, D., Miller, L. L., & Gruen, J. R. (2012) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.09.041 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Neural basis of phonological awareness in beginning readers with familial risk of dyslexia - Results from shallow orthography
Dębska, A., Łuniewska, M., Chyl, K., Banaszkiewicz, A., Zelechowska, A., Wypych, M., Marchewka, A., Pugh, K., & Jednoróg, K. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.063 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Individual differences in skilled adult readers reveal dissociable patterns of neural activity associated with component processes of reading
Welcome, S. E., & Joanisse, M. F. (2012) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.12.011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Developmental trajectories of cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy children and young adults assessed with magnetic resonance imaging
Leung, J., Kosinski, P. D., Croal, P. L., & Kassner, A. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271056 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Functional magnetic resonance imaging for presurgical evaluation of very young pediatric patients with epilepsy
Shurtleff, H. A., Warner, M. H., Poliakov, A. V., Bournival, B. D., Shaw, D., Ishak, G. E., Yang, T., Karandikar, M. S., Saneto, R. P., Browd, S. R., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2009.11.peds09248 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Changes in intrinsic connectivity of the brain's reading network following intervention in children with autism
Murdaugh, D. L., Maximo, J. O., & Kana, R. K. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22821 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Intrinsic brain indices of verbal working memory capacity in children and adolescents
Yang, Z., Jutagir, D. R., Koyama, M. S., Craddock, R. C., Yan, C., Shehzad, Z. E., Castellanos, F. X., Martino, A. D., & Milham, M. P. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.007 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency: A Longitudinal Study of Beginning Readers
Linkersdörfer, J., Jurcoane, A., Lindberg, S. I., Kaiser, J., Hasselhorn, M., Fiebach, C. J., & Lonnemann, J. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00710 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of arithmetic and word reading and its relationship to age
Evans, T. M., Flowers, D. L., Luetje, M. M., Napoliello, E., & Eden, G. F. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.048 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dissociable Changes of Frontal and Parietal Cortices in Inherent Functional Flexibility across the Human Life Span
Yin, D., Liu, W., Zeljic, K., Wang, Z., Lv, Q., Fan, M., Cheng, W., & Wang, Z. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1476-16.2016 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Detecting the subtle shape differences in hemodynamic responses at the group level
Chen, G., Saad, Z. S., Adleman, N. E., Leibenluft, E., & Cox, R. W. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00375 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Altered patterns of directed connectivity within the reading network of dyslexic children and their relation to reading dysfluency
Žarić, G., Correia, J., González, G. F., Tijms, J., van der Molen, M. W., Blomert, L., & Bonte, M. L. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.11.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Parcellation in Left Lateral Parietal Cortex Is Similar in Adults and Children
Barnes, K. A., Nelson, S. M., Cohen, A. L., Power, J. D., Coalson, R. S., Miezin, F. M., Vogel, A. C., Dubis, J. W., Church, J. A., Petersen, S. E., et al. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr189 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Neural Correlates of Letter Reversal in Children and Adults
Blackburne, L. K., Eddy, M. D., Kalra, P. B., Yee, D. M., Sinha, P., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098386 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Functional activation during reading in relation to the sulci of the angular gyrus region
Segal, E., & Petrides, M. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12277 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
FMRI of phonemic perception and its relationship to reading development in elementary- to middle-school-age children
Conant, L. L., Liebenthal, E., Desai, A., & Binder, J. R. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.11.055 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Artificial Language Training Reveals the Neural Substrates Underlying Addressed and Assembled Phonologies
Mei, L., Xue, G., Lu, Z., He, Q., Zhang, M., Wei, M., Xue, F., Chen, C., & Dong, Q. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093548 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Differences in interregional brain connectivity in children with unilateral hearing loss
Jung, M., Colletta, M., Coalson, R. S., Schlaggar, B. L., & Lieu, J. E. C. (2017) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.26587 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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The influence of orthographic depth on reading networks in simultaneous biliterate children
Cherodath, S., & Singh, N. C. (2015) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.02.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
An fMRI meta-analysis of the role of the striatum in everyday-life vs laboratory-developed habits
Guida, P., Michiels, M., Redgrave, P., Luque, D., & Obeso, I. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104826 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Orthographic familiarity, phonological legality and number of orthographic neighbours affect the onset of ERP lexical effects
Proverbio, A. M., & Adorni, R. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-27 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The weight of skill: Interindividual variability of reading related brain activation patterns in fluent readers
Jobard, G., Vigneau, M., Simon, G., & Tzourio‐Mazoyer, N. (2010) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2010.09.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Functional Brain Activation Differences in School-Age Children With Speech Sound Errors: Speech and Print Processing
Preston, J. L., Felsenfeld, S., Frost, S. J., Mencl, W. E., Fulbright, R. K., Grigorenko, E. L., Landi, N., Seki, A., & Pugh, K. R. (2012) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2011/11-0056 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates efficiency of reading processes
Thomson, J., Doruk, D., Mascio, B., Fregni, F., & Cerruti, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00114 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The neural bases of the pseudohomophone effect: Phonological constraints on lexico-semantic access in reading
Braun, M., Hutzler, F., Münte, T. F., Rotte, M., Dambacher, M., Richlan, F., & Jacobs, A. M. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.035 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Neural correlates of oral word reading, silent reading comprehension, and cognitive subcomponents
Xia, Z., Zhang, L., Hoeft, F., Gu, B., Gong, G., & Shu, H. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025417727872 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Reading Acquisition in Children: Developmental Processes and Dyslexia-Specific Effects
Chyl, K., Kossowski, B., Dębska, A., Łuniewska, M., Marchewka, A., Pugh, K. R., & Jednoróg, K. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.007 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Thalamus is a common locus of reading, arithmetic, and IQ: Analysis of local intrinsic functional properties
Koyama, M. S., Molfese, P. J., Milham, M. P., Mencl, W. E., & Pugh, K. R. (2020) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104835 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Functional Neuroimaging Insights Into the Development of Skilled Reading
Schlaggar, B. L., & Church, J. A. (2009) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01599.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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Taking the sublexical route: brain dynamics of reading in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia
Borghesani, V., Hinkley, L. B. N., Ranasinghe, K. G., Thompson, M. M. C., Shwe, W., Mizuiri, D., Lauricella, M., Europa, E., Honma, S., Miller, Z., et al. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa212 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Removing the effect of response time on brain activity reveals developmental differences in conflict processing in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex
Carp, J., Fitzgerald, K. D., Taylor, S. F., & Weissman, D. H. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.064 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Functional neuroimaging study in identical twin pairs discordant for regular cigarette smoking
Lessov‐Schlaggar, C. N., Lepore, R. L., Kristjansson, S. D., Schlaggar, B. L., Barnes, K. A., Petersen, S. E., Madden, P. A. F., Heath, A. C., & Barch, D. M. (2012) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00435.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Resting state functional connectivity of the anterior striatum and prefrontal cortex predicts reading performance in school-age children
Alcauter, S., García-Mondragón, L., Gracia-Tabuenca, Z., Moreno, M. B., Ortiz, J. J., & Barrios, F. A. (2017) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2017.07.007 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Convergent and Divergent fMRI Responses in Children and Adults to Increasing Language Production Demands
Krishnan, S., Leech, R., Mercure, E., Lloyd‐Fox, S., & Dick, F. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu120 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Role of Neural and Genetic Processes in Learning to Read and Specific Reading Disabilities: Implications for Instruction
Church, J. A., Grigorenko, E., & Fletcher, J. M. (2021) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1002/rrq.439 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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The functional organization of trial-related activity in lexical processing after early left hemispheric brain lesions: An event-related fMRI study
Fair, D. A., Choi, A. H., Dosenbach, Y. B. L., Coalson, R. S., Miezin, F. M., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2009) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2009.09.001 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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Gray Matter Structure Is Associated with Reading Skill in Typically Developing Young Readers
Perdue, M. V., Mednick, J., Pugh, K. R., & Landi, N. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa126 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Picturing words? Sensorimotor cortex activation for printed words in child and adult readers
Dekker, T. M., Denis Mareschal, B., Johnson, M. H., & Sereno, M. I. (2014) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2014.09.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tracking Adult Literacy Acquisition With Functional MRI: A Single‐Case Study
Braga, L., Amemiya, E., Tauil, A., Suguieda, D. Y., Lacerda, C., Klein, E., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., & Dehaene, S. (2017) · Mind Brain and Education · doi:10.1111/mbe.12143 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Good, bad and ugly word stress – fMRI evidence for foot structure driven processing of prosodic violations
Domahs, U., Klein, E., Huber, W., & Domahs, F. (2013) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2013.02.012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Neurobiological Bases of Reading Disorder Part II: The Importance of Developmental Considerations in Typical and Atypical Reading
Black, J. M., Xia, Z., & Hoeft, F. (2017) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/lnc3.12252 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Involvement of Occipital and Inferior Frontal Cortex in the Phonological Learning of Chinese Characters
Deng, Y., Chou, T., Ding, G., Peng, D., & Booth, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21571 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effect of reading intervention and task difficulty on orthographic and phonological reading systems in the brain
Partanen, M., Siegel, L. S., & Giaschi, D. E. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.018 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Dynamics of the Anatomical Changes That Occur in the Brains of Schoolchildren as They Learn to Read
Simon, G., Lanoë, C., Poirel, N., Rossi, S., Lubin, A., Pineau, A., & Houdé, O. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081789 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Phonological processing is uniquely associated with neuro-metabolic concentration
Bruno, J. L., Lu, Z., & Manis, F. R. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.092 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Examining individual differences in reading and attentional control networks utilizing an oddball fMRI task
Arrington, C. N., Malins, J. G., Winter, R., Mencl, W. E., Pugh, K. R., & Morris, R. D. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100674 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
What is difficult for you can be easy for me. Effects of increasing individual task demand on prefrontal lateralization: A tDCS study
Vergallito, A., Lauro, L. J. R., Bonandrini, R., Zapparoli, L., Danelli, L., & Berlingeri, M. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.038 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Unraveling individual differences in learning potential: A dynamic framework for the case of reading development
Bonte, M. L., & Brem, S. (2024) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101362 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Developmental refinement of cortical systems for speech and voice processing
Bonte, M. L., Ley, A., Scharke, W., & Formisano, E. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.015 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
How Learning to Read Changes the Listening Brain
Romanovska, L., & Bonte, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726882 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Predictors of Reading Comprehension in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing Children
Asbell, S., Donders, J., Tubbergen, M. V., & Warschausky, S. A. (2010) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297041003733588 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Early strategies of elementary school children’s single word reading
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A Developmental fMRI study of reading and repetition reveals changes in phonological and visual mechanisms over age. Cereb. Cortex. (Electronic publication ahead of print
Church, J. A., Coalson, R. S., Lugar, H. M., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L. (2008)
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Age-Related Changes in Regional Brain Activation During Phonological Decoding and Printed Word Recognition
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Manipulation of Length and Lexicality Localizes the Functional Neuroanatomy of Phonological Processing in Adult Readers
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The Development of Specialized Brain Systems in Reading and Oral-Language
Booth, J. R., Burman, D. D., Santen, F. W. V., Harasaki, Y., Gitelman, D. R., Parrish, T. B., & Mesulam, M. M. (2001) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.7.3.119.8740 · Cited by 128 · see citing works

Authors: Church, J. A., Coalson, R. S., Lugar, H. M., Petersen, S. E., & Schlaggar, B. L.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
ORCID: Church, J. A.
Lugar, H. M.
Petersen, S. E.
Schlaggar, B. L.
Venue: Cerebral Cortex
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2008-01-31
Volume: 18
Issue: 9
Pages: 2054-2065
ISSN: 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
1460-2199
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm228
PMC: PMC2517103
OpenAlex: W2167679793
Cited by: 146
References: 89
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 24.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS046424, K02NS053425, NS46424, NS 41255, NS-32979, R01NS032979, R21NS041255, NS053425)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD001487, HD01487)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords: reading development, phonological processing, visual word recognition, high-frequency words, age differences, supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus, extrastriate cortex, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, children and adults
MeSH terms: Acoustic Stimulation, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Parietal Lobe, Photic Stimulation, Reading, Speech, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception

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A Developmental fMRI Study of Reading and Repetition Reveals Changes in Phonological and Visual Mechanisms Over Age

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