Neural correlates of a decision in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque
Abstract
To make a visual discrimination, the brain must extract relevant information from the retina, represent appropriate variables in the visual cortex and read out this representation to decide which of two or more alternatives is more likely. We recorded from neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (areas 8 and 46) of the rhesus monkey while it performed a motion discrimination task. The monkey indicated its judgment of direction by making appropriate eye movements. As the monkey viewed the motion stimulus, the neural response predicted the monkey's subsequent gaze shift, hence its judgment of direction. The response comprised a mixture of high-level oculomotor signals and weaker visual sensory signals that reflected the strength and direction of motion. This combination of sensory integration and motor planning could reflect the conversion of visual motion information into a categorical decision about direction and thus give insight into the neural computations behind a simple cognitive act.
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The evidence leading to errors appears to be weaker, on average, than the evidence for a rightward choice based on actual rightward motion.
“The evidence leading to these errors appears to be weaker, on average, than the evidence for a rightward choice based on actual rightward motion”
From Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task (2002) · cites this paper as Kim and Shadlen, 1999
The level of response attained during the motion-viewing period reflected the direction and strength of the motion stimulus, consistent with previous reports.
“The level of response attained during the motion-viewing period reflected the direction and strength of the motion stimulus, consistent with previous reports (Shadlen andNewsome, 1996, 2001;Horwitz andNewsome, 1999, 2001;Kim and Shadlen, 1999).”
From Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task (2002) · cites this paper as Kim and Shadlen, 1999
The transition from accumulation of evidence to commitment involves interactions between several brain areas.
“it is likely that the transition from accumulation of evidence to commitment involves interactions between several brain areas.”
From Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task (2002) · cites this paper as Kim and Shadlen, 1999
It is likely that similar accumulations will be evident in other brain structures that participate in eye movement planning, allocation of attention, and working memory.
“It is likely that similar”
From Response of Neurons in the Lateral Intraparietal Area during a Combined Visual Discrimination Reaction Time Task (2002) · cites this paper as Kim and Shadlen, 1999
In trained monkeys, multiple brain areas including LIP, the superior colliculus and parts of the prefrontal cortex including the FEF exhibit similar sensory-motor responses during performance of the discrimination task.
“In trained monkeys, multiple brain areas including LIP, the superior colliculus and parts of the prefrontal cortex including the FEF exhibit similar sensory-motor responses during performance of the discrimination task24, 25, 27, 28.”
From Neural correlates of perceptual learning in a sensory-motor, but not a sensory, cortical area (2008) · cites this paper as [28]
Several other brain structures such as the superior colliculus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Walker area 46), and the FEF are thought to represent quantities like the accumulated evidence in area LIP.
“Several other brain structures such as the superior colliculus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Walker area 46), and the FEF are thought to represent quantities like the accumulated evidence in area LIP2,10,11,34–37”
From Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task (2006) · cites this paper as [35]
In a fixed-duration version of the random-dot motion direction discrimination task, activity of recorded neurons correlated with decision during motion viewing and with motor response after the delay could be temporally dissociated.
“In contrast to the RT version, now the activity of recorded neurons correlated with decision (during motion viewing) and that with motor response (after the delay) could be temporally dissociated.”
From Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits (2008) · cites this paper as Kim and Shadlen, 1999
Neurons in lateral prefrontal cortex and LIP showed a similar activity pattern: their activity reflected the monkey's choice, was a graded function of motion strength c′ during motion viewing, and persistent activity during the delay became insensitive to c′.
“Neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (Kim and Shadlen, 1999) and LIP (Shadlen and Newsome, 1996, 2001; Roitman and Shadlen, 2002) showed a similar activity pattern: their activity reflected the monkey’s choice, but, while it was a graded function of the motion strength c′ during motion viewing, persistent activity during the delay became insensitive to c′.”
From Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits (2008) · cites this paper as Kim and Shadlen, 1999
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Brain mechanisms for perceptual and reward-related decision-making
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- Authors
- Kim, J.-N., & Shadlen, M. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shadlen, Michael N.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 176-185
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- DOI
- 10.1038/5739
- OpenAlex
- W1589439850
- Cited by
- 950
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 18.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (1999-02-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY11378, R01EY011378)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR00166, P51RR000166)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, decision-making, motion direction discrimination, oculomotor signals, sensory integration, motor planning, gaze shifts, rhesus monkeys, neural correlates of choice, visual motion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Decision Making, Discrimination, Psychological, Forecasting, Macaca mulatta, Models, Neurological, Motion Perception, Time Factors, Prefrontal Cortex
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