The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 16 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain
Open accessAbstract
Age-related loss of brain tissue has been inferred from cross-sectional neuroimaging studies, but direct measurements of gray and white matter changes from longitudinal studies are lacking. We quantified longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 92 nondemented older adults (age 59-85 years at baseline) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging to determine the rates and regional distribution of gray and white matter tissue loss in older adults. Using images from baseline, 2 year, and 4 year follow-up, we found significant age changes in gray (p < 0.001) and white (p < 0.001) volumes even in a subgroup of 24 very healthy elderly. Annual rates of tissue loss were 5.4 +/- 0.3, 2.4 +/- 0.4, and 3.1 +/- 0.4 cm3 per year for total brain, gray, and white volumes, respectively, and ventricles increased by 1.4 +/- 0.1 cm3 per year (3.7, 1.3, 2.4, and 1.2 cm3, respectively, in very healthy). Frontal and parietal, compared with temporal and occipital, lobar regions showed greater decline. Gray matter loss was most pronounced for orbital and inferior frontal, cingulate, insular, inferior parietal, and to a lesser extent mesial temporal regions, whereas white matter changes were widespread. In this first study of gray and white matter volume changes, we demonstrate significant longitudinal tissue loss for both gray and white matter even in very healthy older adults. These data provide essential information on the rate and regional pattern of age-associated changes against which pathology can be evaluated and suggest slower rates of brain atrophy in individuals who remain medically and cognitively healthy.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
51 Own result · 14 Not checked yet · 12 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 2 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The magnitudes of longitudinal changes in the lobar regions were not significantly influenced by age and sex.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on global and lobar volumes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“analysis of lobar regions and voxel-based comparisons of local changes revealed regional patterns of vulnerability to agerelated tissue loss.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the magnitude of decline in brain volume appears relatively consistent across subjects, there is a tendency for greater V-CSF increases in individuals with larger baseline volumes.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Stability over time
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Annual rates of tissue loss were 5.4 Ϯ 0.3, 2.4 Ϯ 0.4, and 3.1 Ϯ 0.4 cm 3 per year for total brain, gray, and white volumes, respectively, and ventricles increased by 1.4 Ϯ 0.1 cm 3 per year (3.7, 1.3, 2.4, and 1.2 cm 3 , respectively, in very healthy).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As indicated by the significant effects of time, longitudinal brain changes reached statistical significance for all regions examined.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on global and lobar volumes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Cross-sectional effects of age and sex on brain and ventricular volumes were consistent with our previous report of baseline and 1 year follow-up assessments (Resnick et al., 2000).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on global and lobar volumes
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Resnick et al., 2000
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“our observations of modest longitudinal volume loss in mesial temporal structures is contrary to their report of relative preservation of tissue in these regions.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Good and colleagues (2001)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although there was a trend for greater longitudinal tissue loss in white compared with gray matter, this difference was not statistically significant.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There appears to be a lateralized pattern to the gray matter volume loss, with greater change for the right compared with left hemisphere in many regions.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on local gray and white matter tissue volumes
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Annual rates of tissue loss were 5.4 Ϯ 0.3, 2.4 Ϯ 0.4, and 3.1 Ϯ 0.4 cm 3 per year for total brain, gray, and white volumes, respectively, and ventricles increased by 1.4 Ϯ 0.1 cm 3 per year (3.7, 1.3, 2.4, and 1.2 cm 3 , respectively, in very healthy).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Abstract
plaindirectn = 92- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 25
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Longitudinal changes remained significant excluding the four individuals with mild cognitive impairment and for the analyses based on 24 individuals free of medical problems and even very mild cognitive change.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on global and lobar volumes
plainn = 24- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the presence of this interaction, the main effect of time for V-CSF did not reach significance, although significant longitudinal increases were evident when the interaction was omitted from the model.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on global and lobar volumes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These scatterplots show declines in brain volumes and increases in V-CSF for the majority of individuals.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Stability over time
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although there is some asymmetry in the white matter tissue loss, this asymmetry appears limited to the temporal lobe, with greater loss of left than right temporal white matter.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on local gray and white matter tissue volumes
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The right greater than left asymmetry is most pronounced in inferior frontal and anterior temporal regions, but shows a reversed pattern in the inferior parietal region.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on local gray and white matter tissue volumes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Voxel-based analyses of local regions provided complementary information and indicated that cingulate, insular, orbital, and inferior frontal cortex, and, to a lesser extent, mesial temporal regions showed longitudinal changes in gray matter.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Gray matter volume loss in the insula (right Ͼ left; inferior and coronal views), orbital frontal cortex (inferior and sagittal views), and cingulate cortex (sagittal and coronal views) are highlighted.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gray matter loss was most pronounced for orbital and inferior frontal, cingulate, insular, inferior parietal, and to a lesser extent mesial temporal regions, whereas white matter changes were widespread.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Abstract
plainn = 92- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MANOVA restricted to the very healthy subsample showed significant longitudinal changes that did not differ as a function of tissue type or lobar brain region.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on global and lobar volumes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found significant age changes in gray ( p Ͻ 0.001) and white ( p Ͻ 0.001) volumes even in a subgroup of 24 very healthy elderly.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 92 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rates of tissue loss were similar in men and women and in older and younger adults.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we found significant age changes in gray ( p Ͻ 0.001) and white ( p Ͻ 0.001) volumes even in a subgroup of 24 very healthy elderly.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Abstract
plaindirectn = 92 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Annual rates of tissue loss were 5.4 Ϯ 0.3, 2.4 Ϯ 0.4, and 3.1 Ϯ 0.4 cm 3 per year for total brain, gray, and white volumes, respectively, and ventricles increased by 1.4 Ϯ 0.1 cm 3 per year (3.7, 1.3, 2.4, and 1.2 cm 3 , respectively, in very healthy).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The magnitude of brain tissue loss was somewhat reduced in the very healthy elderly, but these individuals still showed significant volume change.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Age effects on global and lobar volumes
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All values are significant at p Ͻ 0.001 except gray (NS) and white (p Ͻ 0.05) in the healthy group.Note that the nonsignificant trend for gray matter tissue loss in the healthy subgroup is significant in the more sensitive mixed-effects regression analysis (see Results).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our sample is composed of relatively healthy individuals, and they have shown, on average, little cognitive change over this initial 4 year interval.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inspection of Figure 1, top and bottom, indicates that, against a background of highly stable measurement, longitudinal decreases in brain tissue volume and increases in V-CSF occur across almost all individuals in this age range.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Against a background of highly stable measurement, brain volumes decrease and ventricular volumes increase over the 4 year interval.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with changes over the 4-year interval of 21.6 and 5.6 cm 3 , respectively.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bottom, Views of the right and left hemispheres highlight tissue loss in inferior frontal, insular, and posterior temporal regions (right Ͼ left) and the inferior parietal (left Ͼ right) region.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All measurements were highly stable over both 2 and 4 year intervals, with test-retest correlations ranging from 0.94 to 0.99.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Stability over time
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data provide essential information on the rate and regional pattern of age-associated changes against which pathology can be evaluated”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stabilities over 1 year for these measures are all Ͼ0.95.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Image analysis.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Differences in age distributions for the two samples may account in part for these discrepancies.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Quantitative analysis of MR volumes is accomplished using a semi-automated approach, with demonstrated validity and high reliability (Goldszal et al., 1998).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Image analysis.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Goldszal et al., 1998
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the magnitude and age at which sex differences appear remain unclear.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kaye et al., 1992
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There have been few longitudinal neuroimaging studies, and none have examined global and regional changes in both gray and white matter using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is already substantial evidence that loss of mesial temporal lobe tissue, particularly in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, is associated with memory impairment and the development of Alzheimer's disease (Convit et al., 1997;Petersen et al., 2000).”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Convit et al., 1997
- Not checked yetcites Petersen et al., 2000
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the uniformity of our findings across individuals argues against this interpretation unless all are in a preclinical stage of dementia.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The observed brain tissue loss is not entirely attributable to preclinical dementia in all participants.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Registration errors limit our ability to detect change in voxel-based analyses, and these difficulties will be most pronounced in regions of high cortical variability.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Initial pathology appears in the basal neocortex, including perirhinal and orbital cortex, and next spreads into adjacent neocortical association areas and the hippocampal formation, followed finally by its appearance in primary neocortical areas.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Braak and Braak (1997)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“our findings from in vivo MRI studies can help direct more focused neuropathological studies of specific brain regions.”
§ Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Older Adults: A Shrinking Brain > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
The 92 BLSA participants are representative of nondemented older adults aged 59–85, so the estimated rates and regional patterns generalize to that population.
“This report provides the first evidence of substantial longitudinal declines in both gray and white matter brain volumes in older adults ranging in age from 59 to 85 years at baseline.”
“this community-dwelling sample of older adults shows an average loss of 5.4 cm 3 of brain volume and increase of 1.4 cm 3 in ventricular volume each year.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The observed 4-year longitudinal changes reflect aging rather than secular or cohort effects.
“rates of brain changes can only be determined from longitudinal investigations.”
“we found significant age changes in gray ( p Ͻ 0.001) and white ( p Ͻ 0.001) volumes even in a subgroup of 24 very healthy elderly.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The observed brain tissue loss is not entirely attributable to preclinical dementia in all participants.
“Although some argue that any tissue loss reflects pathological changes associated with preclinical dementia rather than normal aging, the uniformity of our findings across individuals argues against this interpretation unless all are in a preclinical stage of dementia.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Increases in ventricular volume reflect central brain atrophy.
“the rates of increase in ventricular volume, reflecting central brain atrophy”
The paper relies on this without support.
The sample is representative of normal older adults without dementia.
“Our sample is composed of relatively healthy individuals, and they have shown, on average, little cognitive change over this initial 4 year interval.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Executive planning and organizational skills appear to be important to maintaining functional independence (4–7) and appear to be particularly vulnerable to declines at later ages (8–10) along with the prefrontal cortical regions of the brain that support them (11–14).”
From Evidence for Neurocognitive Plasticity in At-Risk Older Adults: The Experience Corps Program (2009) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,012
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,852
Sensitivity and False Alarm Rate of a Fall Sensor in Long-Term Fall Detection in the Elderly
Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,007
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. ‐., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020402 · Cited by 9,688
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565
A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study of Ageing in 465 Normal Adult Human Brains
Good, C. D., Johnsrude, I. S., Ashburner, J., Henson, R. N. A., Friston, K. J., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0786 · Cited by 4,561
Frequency of Stages of Alzheimer-Related Lesions in Different Age Categories
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00056-0 · Cited by 1,656
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Yan MXH, Karp JN (1995) An adaptive Bayesian approach to three- dimensional MR brain segmentation. In: Proceedings of XIVth Interna- tional Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, pp 201-213. Ile de Berder, France, June.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Regional Brain Changes in Aging Healthy Adults: General Trends, Individual Differences and Modifiers
Raz, N., Lindenberger, U., Rodrigue, K. M., Kennedy, K. M., Head, D., Williamson, A., Dahle, C., Gerstorf, D., & Acker, J. D. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi044 · Cited by 2,875
The adaptive brain: aging and neurocognitive scaffolding
Park, D. C., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656 · Cited by 2,790
Harada, C. N., Love, M. C. N., & Triebel, K. L. (2013) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.002 · Cited by 2,628
Insights into the ageing mind: a view from cognitive neuroscience
Hedden, T., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1323 · Cited by 2,223
Generative adversarial network in medical imaging: A review
Xin, Y., Walia, E., & Babyn, P. (2019) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2019.101552 · Cited by 1,959
Motor control and aging: Links to age-related brain structural, functional, and biochemical effects
Seidler, R. D., Bernard, J. A., Burutolu, T. B., Fling, B. W., Gordon, M. T., Gwin, J. T., Kwak, Y., & Lipps, D. B. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005 · Cited by 1,908
Chronic back pain is associated with decreased prefrontal and thalamic gray matter density
Apkarian, A. V., Sosa, Y., Sonty, S., Levy, R. M., Harden, R. N., Parrish, T. B., & Gitelman, D. R. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2541-04.2004 · Cited by 1,434
Buckner, R. L., Head, D. M., Parker, J. B., Fotenos, A. F., Marcus, D. S., Morris, J. C., & Snyder, A. Z. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.018 · Cited by 1,325
Mueller, S. G., Weiner, M. W., Thal, L. J., Petersen, R. C., Jack, C. R., Jagust, W., Trojanowski, J. Q., Toga, A. W., & Beckett, L. (2005) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2005.06.003 · Cited by 1,233
Differential aging of the brain: Patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers
Raz, N., & Rodrigue, K. M. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.07.001 · Cited by 1,195
Structural Brain Changes in Aging: Courses, Causes and Cognitive Consequences
Fjell, A. M., & Walhovd, K. B. (2010) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.2010.21.3.187 · Cited by 1,158
Executive functions after age 5: Changes and correlates.
Best, J. R., Miller, P. H., & Jones, L. L. (2009) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2009.05.002 · Cited by 1,007
Ruffman, T., Henry, J. D., Livingstone, V., & Phillips, L. H. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.001 · Cited by 984
Predicting Age Using Neuroimaging: Innovative Brain Ageing Biomarkers
Cole, J. H., & Franke, K. (2017) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.10.001 · Cited by 939
Age-related alterations in white matter microstructure measured by diffusion tensor imaging
Salat, D. H., Tuch, D. S., Greve, D. N., van der Kouwe, A. J. W., Hevelone, N. D., Zaleta, A. K., Rosen, B. R., Fischl, B. R., Corkin, S., Rosas, H. D., et al. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.09.017 · Cited by 832
Smith, A. D., Smith, S. M., de Jager, C. A., Whitbread, P., Johnston, C., Agacinski, G., Oulhaj, A., Bradley, K. M., Jacoby, R., & Refsum, H. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012244 · Cited by 813
“The atrophy occurs even in cognitively healthy subjects [1] but is much accelerated in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease [2,3,4,5].”
Fjell, A. M., McEvoy, L., Holland, D., Dale, A. M., & Walhovd, K. B. (2014) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.02.004 · Cited by 799
Franke, K., Ziegler, G., Klöppel, S., & Gaser, C. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.005 · Cited by 836
Life-Span Changes of the Human Brain White Matter: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Volumetry
Westlye, L. T., Walhovd, K. B., Dale, A. M., Bjornerud, A., Due-Tonnessen, P., Engvig, A., Grydeland, H., Tamnes, C. K., Ostby, Y., & Fjell, A. M. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp280 · Cited by 765
Brain metabolism in health, aging, and neurodegeneration
Camandola, S., & Mattson, M. P. (2017) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201695810 · Cited by 752
A Brain-Wide Study of Age-Related Changes in Functional Connectivity
Geerligs, L., Renken, R. J., Saliasi, E., Maurits, N. M., & Lorist, M. M. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu012 · Cited by 788
High Consistency of Regional Cortical Thinning in Aging across Multiple Samples
Fjell, A. M., Westlye, L. T., Amlien, I. K., Espeseth, T., Reinvang, I., Raz, N., Agartz, I., Salat, D. H., Greve, D. N., Fischl, B. R., et al. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn232 · Cited by 744
One-Year Brain Atrophy Evident in Healthy Aging
Fjell, A. M., Walhovd, K. B., Fennema-Notestine, C., McEvoy, L. K., Hagler, D. J., Holland, D., Brewer, J. B., & Dale, A. M. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3252-09.2009 · Cited by 692
Training-Induced Brain Structure Changes in the Elderly
Boyke, J., Driemeyer, J., Gaser, C., Büchel, C., & May, A. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0742-08.2008 · Cited by 681
DeCarli, C., Massaro, J., Harvey, D., Hald, J., Tullberg, M., Au, R., Beiser, A., D’Agostino, R., & Wolf, P. A. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.05.004 · Cited by 680
Head, D. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh003 · Cited by 645
Marcus, D. S., Fotenos, A. F., Csernansky, J. G., Morris, J. C., & Buckner, R. L. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21407 · Cited by 669
Trajectories of brain aging in middle-aged and older adults: Regional and individual differences
Raz, N., Ghisletta, P., Rodrigue, K. M., Kennedy, K. M., & Lindenberger, U. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.020 · Cited by 626
Heterogeneous aging across multiple organ systems and prediction of chronic disease and mortality
Tian, Y. E., Cropley, V., Maier, A. B., Lautenschlager, N. T., Breakspear, M., & Zalesky, A. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02296-6 · Cited by 618
Ten Years of BrainAGE as a Neuroimaging Biomarker of Brain Aging: What Insights Have We Gained?
Franke, K., & Gaser, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00789 · Cited by 636
Accelerated Brain Gray Matter Loss in Fibromyalgia Patients: Premature Aging of the Brain?
Kuchinad, A., Schweinhardt, P., Seminowicz, D. A., Wood, P. B., Chizh, B. A., & Bushnell, M. C. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0098-07.2007 · Cited by 613
Petten, C. K. V. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.006 · Cited by 615
Normative estimates of cross-sectional and longitudinal brain volume decline in aging and AD
Fotenos, A. F., Snyder, A. Z., Girton, L. E., Morris, J. C., & Buckner, R. L. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000154530.72969.11 · Cited by 579
Prediction of MCI to AD conversion, via MRI, CSF biomarkers, and pattern classification
Davatzikos, C. A., Bhatt, P., Shaw, L. M. J., Batmanghelich, K. N., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.023 · Cited by 596
Self-citationLauner, L. J., Miller, M. E., Williamson, J. D., Lazar, R. M., Gerstein, H. C., Murray, A. M., Sullivan, M., Horowitz, K. R., Ding, J., Marcovina, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70188-0 · Cited by 574
Self-citationAging of cerebral white matter: a review of MRI findings
Gunning‐Dixon, F. M., Brickman, A. M., Cheng, J. C., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2087 · Cited by 564
Geha, P., Baliki, M. N., Harden, R. N., Bauer, W. R., Parrish, T. B., & Apkarian, A. V. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.08.022 · Cited by 564
Lorenzetti, V., Allen, N. B., Fornito, A., & Yücel, M. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.11.021 · Cited by 553
MISRA, C., FAN, Y., & DAVATZIKOS, C. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.10.031 · Cited by 552
Self-citationLemaître, H., Goldman, A. L., Sambataro, F., Verchinski, B. A., Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Weinberger, D. R., & Mattay, V. S. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.07.013 · Cited by 573
Brain aging: reorganizing discoveries about the aging mind
Reuter‐Lorenz, P. A., & Lustig, C. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.016 · Cited by 544
Storsve, A. B., Fjell, A. M., Tamnes, C. K., Westlye, L. T., Overbye, K., Aasland, H. W., & Walhovd, K. B. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0391-14.2014 · Cited by 542
Longitudinal pattern of regional brain volume change differentiates normal aging from MCI
Driscoll, I. F., Davatzikos, C. A., An, Y., Wu, X., Shen, D. G., Kraut, M. A., & Resnick, S. M. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a82634 · Cited by 527
Self-citationAssociation of hearing impairment with brain volume changes in older adults
Lin, F. R., Ferrucci, L., An, Y., Goh, J. O. S., Doshi, J. J., Metter, E. J., Davatzikos, C. A., Kraut, M. A., & Resnick, S. M. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.059 · Cited by 533
Self-citationPomponio, R., Erus, G., Habes, M., Doshi, J. J., Srinivasan, D., Mamourian, E., Bashyam, V., Nasrallah, I. M., Satterthwaite, T. D., Yong Fan, A., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116450 · Cited by 561
Self-citationChételat, G., Landeau, B., Eustache, F., Mézenge, F., Viader, F., de la Sayette, V., Desgranges, B., & Baron, J.-C. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.015 · Cited by 526
Terracciano, A., McCrae, R., Brant, L., & Costa, P. (2005) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.493 · Cited by 529
Hedman, A. M., van Haren, N. E. M., Schnack, H. G., Kahn, R. S., & Pol, H. E. H. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21334 · Cited by 485
Fan, Y., Batmanghelich, N., Clark, C. M., & Davatzikos, C. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.031 · Cited by 477
Self-citationDiffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter integrity in cognitive aging
Madden, D. J., Bennett, I. J., Burzynska, A. Z., Potter, G. G., Chen, N., & Song, A. W. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.003 · Cited by 510
Personality Plasticity After Age 30
Terracciano, A., Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206288599 · Cited by 486
Assessing the effects of age on long white matter tracts using diffusion tensor tractography
Davis, S. W., Dennis, N. A., Buchler, N. G., White, L. E., Madden, D. J., & Cabeza, R. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.068 · Cited by 458
Head motion during MRI acquisition reduces gray matter volume and thickness estimates
Reuter, M., Tisdall, M. D., Qureshi, A., Buckner, R. L., van der Kouwe, A. J. W., & Fischl, B. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.006 · Cited by 457
Voelcker‐Rehage, C., & Niemann, C. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.028 · Cited by 481
Imaging cerebral atrophy: normal ageing to Alzheimer's disease
Fox, N. C., & Schott, J. M. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15441-x · Cited by 446
White matter hyperintensities and imaging patterns of brain ageing in the general population
Habes, M., Erus, G., Toledo, J. B., Zhang, T., Bryan, R. N., Launer, L. J., Rosseel, Y., Janowitz, D., Doshi, J. J., der Auwera, S. V., et al. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww008 · Cited by 441
Self-citationMora, F., Segovia, G., & Arco, A. D. (2007) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.03.011 · Cited by 431
Risk factors for progression of brain atrophy in aging
Enzinger, C., Fazekas, F., Matthews, P. M., Ropele, S., Schmidt, H., Smith, S. M., & Schmidt, R. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000161871.83614.bb · Cited by 397
Docosahexaenoic Acid and Cognition throughout the Lifespan
Weiser, M., Butt, C., & Mohajeri, M. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8020099 · Cited by 400
The inner sense of time: how the brain creates a representation of duration
Wittmann, M. (2013) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3452 · Cited by 415
Voxel-based mapping of brain gray matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in normal aging
Kalpouzos, G., Chételat, G., Baron, J.-C., Landeau, B., Mevel, K., Godeau, C., Barré, L., Constans, J.-M., Viader, F., Eustache, F., et al. (2009) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.019 · Cited by 392
Neuroanatomical substrates of age-related cognitive decline.
Salthouse, T. A. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023262 · Cited by 410
Episodic memory in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Insights from imaging and behavioral studies
Tromp, D., Dufour, A., Lithfous, S., Pebayle, T., & Després, O. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.006 · Cited by 390
Bao, H., Cao, J., Chen, M., Min, C., Chen, W., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., et al. (2023) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-023-2305-0 · Cited by 402
Allostasis and the human brain: Integrating models of stress from the social and life sciences.
Ganzel, B. L., Morris, P., & Wethington, E. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0017773 · Cited by 415
Brain Morphological Signatures for Chronic Pain
Baliki, M. N., Schnitzer, T. J., Bauer, W. R., & Apkarian, A. V. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026010 · Cited by 390
Madden, D. J., Whiting, W. L., Huettel, S. A., White, L. E., MacFall, J. R., & Provenzale, J. M. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.004 · Cited by 369
Structural imaging of hippocampal subfields in healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease
de Florès, R., Joie, R. L., & Chételat, G. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.033 · Cited by 387
Apostolova, L. G., Green, A. E., Babakchanian, S., Hwang, K., Chou, Y., Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2011) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e3182163b62 · Cited by 363
Herold, F., Törpel, A., Schega, L., & Müller, N. G. (2019) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-019-0217-2 · Cited by 349
Partial volume effect as a hidden covariate in DTI analyses
Vos, S. B., Jones, D. K., Viergever, M. A., & Leemans, A. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.048 · Cited by 345
Lao, Z., Shen, D. G., Xue, Z., Karaçalı, B., Resnick, S. M., & Davatzikos, C. A. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.027 · Cited by 349
Self-citationLongitudinal changes in cortical thickness associated with normal aging
Thambisetty, M., Wan, J., Carass, A., An, Y., Prince, J. L., & Resnick, S. M. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.258 · Cited by 356
Self-citationRisacher, S. L., McDonald, B. C., Tallman, E. F., West, J. D., Farlow, M. R., Unverzagt, F. W., Gao, S., Boustani, M., Crane, P. K., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2016) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0580 · Cited by 350
Age-related and individual differences in the use of prediction during language comprehension
Federmeier, K. D., Marta Kutas, A., & Schul, R. (2010) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2010.07.006 · Cited by 327
Vulnerable Neural Systems and the Borderland of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration
Jagust, W. J. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.01.002 · Cited by 335
Age and gender effects on human brain anatomy: A voxel-based morphometric study in healthy elderly
Smith, C. D., Chebrolu, H., Wekstein, D. R., Schmitt, F. A., & Markesbery, W. R. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.018 · Cited by 319
Davatzikos, C., Xu, F., An, Y., Fan, Y., & Resnick, S. M. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp091 · Cited by 315
Self-citationEffects of aging on the neural correlates of successful item and source memory encoding.
Dennis, N. A., Hayes, S. M., Prince, S. E., Madden, D. J., Huettel, S. A., & Cabeza, R. E. L. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.791 · Cited by 314
The ability to decide advantageously declines prematurely in some normal older persons
Denburg, N. L., Tranel, D., & Bechara, A. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.09.012 · Cited by 310
Accelerating Cortical Thinning: Unique to Dementia or Universal in Aging?
Fjell, A. M., Westlye, L. T., Grydeland, H., Amlien, I. K., Espeseth, T., Reinvang, I., Raz, N., Dale, A. M., Walhovd, K. B., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2012) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs379 · Cited by 318
Doshi, J., Erus, G., Ou, Y., Resnick, S. M., Gur, R. C., Gur, R. E., Satterthwaite, T. D., Furth, S., & Davatzikos, C. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.073 · Cited by 309
“In order to evaluate the multi-site segmentation performance of our method we created a large multi-study dataset of clinically normal subjects by pooling data from studies including BLSA (Resnick et al., 2000, 2003), ADNI-1 (Jack et al., 2008), PNC (Satterthwaite et al., 2014), BBL-NC 7 , and NiCK (Hartung et al., 20…”
Self-citationMorris, R., Lord, S., Bunce, J., Burn, D. J., & Rochester, L. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.012 · Cited by 308
Astrocytes as Key Regulators of Brain Energy Metabolism: New Therapeutic Perspectives
Béard, E., Lengacher, S., Dias, S., Magistretti, P. J., & Finsterwald, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.825816 · Cited by 326
Brain aging, Alzheimer's disease, and mitochondria
Swerdlow, R. H. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.012 · Cited by 306
“Atrophy and small degrees of white matter change, especially in the vicinity of the lateral ventricles, are not felt to necessarily represent harbingers of disease [36–40].”
BackgroundFunctional plasticity in cognitive aging: Review and hypothesis.
Greenwood, P. M. (2007) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.6.657 · Cited by 304
Ischemic stroke in the elderly: an overview of evidence
Chen, R. L., Balami, J. S., Esiri, M. M., Chen, L., & Buchan, A. M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.36 · Cited by 299
The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA): A 50-Year-Long Journey and Plans for the Future
Ferrucci, L. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.12.1416 · Cited by 293
Longitudinal cognitive decline is associated with fibrillar amyloid-beta measured by [ 11 C]PiB
Resnick, S. M., Sojkova, J., Zhou, Y., An, Y., Ye, W., Holt, D. P., Dannals, R. F., Mathis, C. A., Klunk, W. E., Ferrucci, L., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181d3e3e9 · Cited by 288
Self-citationFan, Y., Resnick, S. M., Wu, X., & Davatzikos, C. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.043 · Cited by 288
Self-citationEvidence for Neurocognitive Plasticity in At-Risk Older Adults: The Experience Corps Program
Carlson, M. C., Erickson, K. I., Kramer, A. F., Voss, M. W., Bolea, N., Mielke, M., McGill, S., Rebok, G. W., Seeman, T., & Fried, L. P. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp117 · Cited by 286
Sherwin, B. B., & Henry, J. F. (2007) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2007.08.002 · Cited by 290
Aging Effects on Cerebral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flows
Stoquart‐ElSankari, S., Balédent, O., Gondry‐Jouet, C., Makki, M., Godefroy, O., & Meyer, M.-É. (2007) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600462 · Cited by 281
Age- and sex-related effects on the neuroanatomy of healthy elderly
Lemaître, H., Crivello, F., Grassiot, B., Alpérovitch, A., Tzourio, C., & Mazoyer, B. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.042 · Cited by 280
Sullivan, E. V., Adalsteinsson, E., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj045 · Cited by 280
Shrinkage of the Entorhinal Cortex over Five Years Predicts Memory Performance in Healthy Adults
Rodrigue, K. M., & Raz, N. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4166-03.2004 · Cited by 278
Rehfeld, K., Lüders, A., Hökelmann, A., Leßmann, V., Kaufmann, J., Brigadski, T., Müller, P., & Müller, N. G. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196636 · Cited by 300
Diffusion tensor imaging in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimerʼs disease: a review
Chua, T. C., Wen, W., Slavin, M. J., & Sachdev, P. S. (2008) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3282f4594b · Cited by 273
Davatzikos, C. A., Shen, D. G., Gur, R. C., Wu, X., Liu, D., Yong Fan, A., Hughett, P., Turetsky, B. I., & Gur, R. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1218 · Cited by 270
Self-citationBrain Morphology in Older African Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Whites From Northern Manhattan
Brickman, A. M., Schupf, N., Manly, J. J., Luchsinger, J. A., Andrews, H., Tang, M. X., Reitz, C., Small, S. A., Mayeux, R. P., DeCarli, C. S., et al. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.65.8.1053 · Cited by 264
Metadata
- Authors
- Resnick, S. M., Pham, D. L., Kraut, M. A., Zonderman, A. B., & Davatzikos, C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2003-04-15
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3295-3301
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6742337
- OpenAlex
- W1929729372
- Semantic Scholar
- bfeb3d16a48b60458c19697495bc7dd17277f1e3
- Cited by
- 1,425
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 19.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- brain atrophy, gray matter loss, white matter loss, brain volume changes, aging, older adults, ventriculomegaly, healthy older adults, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Ventricles, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Baltimore
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
