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Cited by 393Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesAging and Gerontology Research

Voxel-based mapping of brain gray matter volume and glucose metabolism profiles in normal aging

Open access
Kalpouzos, Grégoria, Chételat, Gaël, Baron, Jean-Claude, Landeau, Brigitte, Mevel, Katell, Godeau, Christine, Barré, Louisa, Constans, Jean-Marc +3 more·2009·Neurobiology of Aging
DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.019
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Abstract

With age, the brain undergoes both structural and functional alterations, probably resulting in reported cognitive declines. Relatively few investigations have sought to identify those areas that remain intact with aging, or undergo the least deterioration, which might underlie cognitive preservations. Our aim here was to establish a comprehensive profile of both structural and functional changes in the aging brain, using up-to-date voxel-based methodology (i.e. optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) procedure; resting-state (18)FDG-PET with correction for partial volume effects (PVE)) in 45 optimally healthy subjects aged 20-83 years. Negative and positive correlations between age and both gray matter (GM) volume and (18)FDG uptake were assessed. The frontal cortex manifested the greatest deterioration, both structurally and functionally, whereas the anterior hippocampus, the thalamus and (functionally) the posterior cingulate cortex were the least affected. Our results support the developmental theory which postulates that the first regions to emerge phylogenetically and ontogenetically are the most resistant to age effects, and the last ones the most vulnerable. Furthermore, the lesser affected anterior hippocampal region, together with the lesser functional alteration of the posterior cingulate cortex, appear to mark the parting of the ways between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by early and prominent deterioration of both structures.

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Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

In 45 optimally healthy adults aged 20–83, normal aging showed the greatest structural and metabolic deterioration in frontal cortex, while anterior hippocampus, thalamus, and posterior cingulate cortex were among the least affected. The authors interpret this pattern as supporting developmental theory and as distinguishing normal aging from Alzheimer’s disease.

Key findings

  • Absolute gray matter (GM) loss was mainly bilateral frontal (dorsolateral prefrontal, sensorimotor, orbitofrontal), with additional loss in superior occipital/parietal cortices, insula, posterior hippocampus, cerebellum, and periventricular/caudate/anterior thalamic regions.
  • Highest 18FDG uptake decreases were bilateral superior medial frontal, motor, anterior/middle cingulate, parietal regions (left-predominant), and superior temporal pole encroaching on insular/orbitofrontal cortex.
  • Least GM decline was mainly right anterior mesial temporal structures (anterior hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala), lateral thalamic nuclei, right calcarine region, and brainstem; least 18FDG decrease was bilateral mesial temporal (hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus), putamen/pallidum/lateral thalamic nuclei, right posterior cingulate/precuneus, occipito-temporal cortex, and cerebellum.
  • Complementary analyses: right hippocampal head volume vs age was r = .07 (p = .65); HipMask relative metabolic hippocampal ratios vs age was r = .51 (p < .001), and HipMask measures correlated with SPM hippocampal peaks at r = .73 left and r = .70 right (p < .001 for both).

Methods

  • Cross-sectional study of 45 right-handed healthy subjects aged 20–83 years (mean 49.4 ± 18; 24 females, 21 males), screened with stringent clinical, MRI, and neuropsychological criteria; MRI and resting 18FDG-PET were completed within two months.
  • MRI analyzed with optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM); PET corrected for partial volume effects using a modified Müller-Gärtner method, coregistered/normalized to a customized template, and smoothed with a 14-mm isotropic Gaussian filter.
  • SPM2 voxelwise correlations with age used p < .01 FDR corrected, minimum cluster size k = 20; proportional scaling assessed relative GM and relative 18FDG changes, with complementary ROI and HipMask analyses for hippocampus.

Limitations

  • The paper states that PET and MR spatial resolution differed, preventing direct comparison of atrophy and hypometabolism; possible age effects on intrinsic MR signal/contrast; PVE correction accuracy depends on MRI-PET realignment and MRI segmentation; and the cross-sectional design cannot definitively resolve hippocampal impairment because of possible cohort effects.
  • The text also makes evident that PET data were relative rather than CMRglc because raw FDG uptake has no physiological meaning and CMRglc requires invasive arterial blood sampling.
  • A formal psychiatric interview was not performed, as noted in the inclusion criteria.

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Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.019

Cites

95 of 95 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

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Claims the paper makes

0 of 121 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data
    § Abstract · p. 2

    The frontal cortex manifested the greatest deterioration, both structurally and functionally, in normal aging.

    “The frontal cortex manifested the greatest deterioration, both structurally and functionally, whereas the anterior hippocampus, the thalamus and (functionally) the posterior cingulate cortex were the least affected.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.1. Absolute GM volume loss (Table 1, Figure 1A) · p. 10 · plain
      “Absolute age-related GM volume loss was mainly located bilaterally in the frontal lobes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor areas and orbitofrontal regions).”
    • Also stated in: § 3.3. Highest 18 FDG uptake decreases (Table 3, Figure 1B) · p. 10 · plain
      “A relative age-related decrease in 18 FDG uptake was found bilaterally in the superior medial frontal, motor, anterior and middle cingulate cortices, as well as in the bilateral parietal regions (with left-sided predominance), including the supramarginal, superior and inferior parietal cortices.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.
  • Findingown data
    § 3.2. Least GM volume decreases (Table 2, Figure 1A) · p. 10

    The least gray matter decline was mainly located in the anterior right mesial temporal lobe structures (and the left counterpart at p<0.05 FDR corrected), including the anterior part of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and amygdala, lateral thalamic nuclei, right calcarine region and brainstem.

    “The positive correlation between age and GM volume showed that the least GM decline was mainly located in the anterior right mesial temporal lobe structures (and the left counterpart at p<0.05 FDR corrected), including the anterior part of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and amygdala, lateral thalamic nuclei, right calcarine region and brainstem.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.
  • Findingown data
    § 3.1. Absolute GM volume loss (Table 1, Figure 1A) · p. 10

    Absolute age-related gray matter volume loss was mainly located bilaterally in the frontal lobes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor areas and orbitofrontal regions).

    “Absolute age-related GM volume loss was mainly located bilaterally in the frontal lobes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor areas and orbitofrontal regions).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.
  • Findingown data
    § 3.3. Highest 18 FDG uptake decreases (Table 3, Figure 1B) · p. 10

    A relative age-related decrease in 18FDG uptake was found bilaterally in the superior medial frontal, motor, anterior and middle cingulate cortices, as well as in the bilateral parietal regions (with left-sided predominance), including the supramarginal, superior and inferior parietal cortices.

    “A relative age-related decrease in 18 FDG uptake was found bilaterally in the superior medial frontal, motor, anterior and middle cingulate cortices, as well as in the bilateral parietal regions (with left-sided predominance), including the supramarginal, superior and inferior parietal cortices.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.
  • Findingown data
    § 3.4. Least 18 FDG uptake decreases (Table 4, Figure 1B) · p. 11

    The least 18FDG uptake decreases with aging were found in the bilateral mesial temporal lobes (hippocampus, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus).

    “The least 18 FDG uptake decreases with aging was found in the bilateral mesial temporal lobes (hippocampus, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.
  • May combine two claims. 27
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 16
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 21

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data
    § Abstract · p. 2

    The anterior hippocampus, the thalamus, and (functionally) the posterior cingulate cortex were the least affected by normal aging.

    “The frontal cortex manifested the greatest deterioration, both structurally and functionally, whereas the anterior hippocampus, the thalamus and (functionally) the posterior cingulate cortex were the least affected.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.2. Least GM volume decreases (Table 2, Figure 1A) · p. 10 · plain
      “The positive correlation between age and GM volume showed that the least GM decline was mainly located in the anterior right mesial temporal lobe structures (and the left counterpart at p<0.05 FDR corrected), including the anterior part of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and amygdala, lateral thalamic nuclei, right calcarine region and brainstem.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.4. Least 18 FDG uptake decreases (Table 4, Figure 1B) · p. 11 · plain
      “The least 18 FDG uptake decreases with aging was found in the bilateral mesial temporal lobes (hippocampus, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data
    § 3.1. Absolute GM volume loss (Table 1, Figure 1A) · p. 10

    Atrophy was also found in the bilateral superior occipital and superior parietal cortices, the insular region surrounding the superior temporal areas, the posterior part of the hippocampus, the cerebellum and the periventricular areas spanning the caudate nuclei and anterior thalamic nucleus.

    “Atrophy was also found in the bilateral superior occipital and superior parietal cortices, the insular region surrounding the superior temporal areas, the posterior part of the hippocampus, the cerebellum and the periventricular areas spanning the caudate nuclei and anterior thalamic nucleus.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § 3.3. Highest 18 FDG uptake decreases (Table 3, Figure 1B) · p. 10

    The metabolic rate of the superior temporal pole encroaching on the insular and orbitofrontal cortices was particularly affected by age.

    “The metabolic rate of the superior temporal pole encroaching on the insular and orbitofrontal cortices was particularly affected.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data
    § 3.4. Least 18 FDG uptake decreases (Table 4, Figure 1B) · p. 11

    The putamen, pallidum and lateral thalamic nuclei were metabolically less impaired, as well as the right posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, both sides of the occipito-temporal cortex (calcarine, fusiform, lingual and inferior occipital cortices) and the cerebellum.

    “The putamen, pallidum and lateral thalamic nuclei were metabolically less impaired, as well as the right posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, both sides of the occipito-temporal cortex (calcarine, fusiform, lingual and inferior occipital cortices) and the cerebellum.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation
    § 4. Discussion · p. 12

    The hippocampus showed a lesser degree of metabolic impairment, confirming findings of preserved hippocampal relative CMRglc and increased relative rCBF in the left hippocampus in a longitudinal study.

    “One of the limbic structures - the hippocampus - showed a lesser degree of metabolic impairment, thus confirming the findings of Willis et al. [86], who found 'preserved' hippocampal relative CMRglc (cerebral metabolic rate of glucose), and those of a very recent longitudinal study [5] over 9 years in older healthy subjects which highlighted an increased relative rCBF in the left hippocampus.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Willis et al. [86] Willis, 2002, Age, sex and laterality effects on cerebral glucose metabolism in healthy adults, Psychiatry Res. (Neuroimaging) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [5] Beason-Held, 2008, I: Longitudinal changes in aging brain function, Neurobiol. Aging source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning
    § 4. Discussion · p. 11

    Gray matter losses in the frontal cortex and those in the hippocampus are very different, with the decline in frontal cortex proceeding monotonically downward from an early age.

    “Finally, it is worth noting that the gray matter losses in the frontal cortex and those in the hippocampus are very different, the decline in frontal cortex proceeding monotonically downward from an early age.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The lowest gray matter volume as a function of age was found in the brainstem (MNI 0, -27, -12; t = 5.83; k = 828).

    “0 | -27 | -12 | 5.83 | 828 | Brainstem”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

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    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The lowest gray matter volume as a function of age was found in the right lateral thalamic nucleus (MNI 19, -21, 5; t = 5.63; k = 768).

    “19 | -21 | 5 | 5.63 | 768 | Thalamus (lateral nuclei) R”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The highest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the right supramarginal/parietal inferior cortex (MNI 58, -26, 50; t = 5.01; k = 740).

    “58 | -26 | 50 | 5.01 | 740 | Supramarginal/parietal inf R”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The lowest gray matter volume as a function of age was found in the right entorhinal cortex, anterior hippocampus and amygdala (MNI 21, -9, -29; t = 5.68; k = 1902).

    “21 | -9 | -29 | 5.68 | 1902 | Entorhinal R | 28/36”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The highest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the right inferior orbitofrontal cortex and insula (MNI 46, 22, -6; t = 4.73; k = 206).

    “46 | 22 | -6 | 4.73 | 206 | Orbitofrontal inf R”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 35

    The lowest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the right lateral thalamic nucleus (MNI 18, -14, 10; t = 5.40; k = 95).

    “18 | -14 | 10 | 5.40 | 95 | Thalamus (lateral nuclei) R”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The highest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the left inferior orbitofrontal cortex and insula (MNI -40, 14, -10; t = 5.46; k = 481).

    “-40 | 14 | -10 | 5.46 | 481 | Orbitofrontal inf L”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The highest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the right middle/superior frontal and superior medial frontal cortex, SMA and mid/anterior cingulate (MNI 6, 20, 66; t = 6.05; k = 1520).

    “6 | 20 | 66 | 6.05 | 1520 | Frontal mid/sup/sup med R”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The highest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the left parietal inferior/superior/supramarginal and occipital middle/superior/angular cortex (MNI -36, -52, 56; t = 7.54; k = 1372).

    “-36 | -52 | 56 | 7.54 | 1372 | Parietal inf/sup/supramarginal L”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 35

    The lowest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the left and right cerebellum (MNI -10, -60, -36; t = 5.34; k = 412).

    “-10 | -60 | -36 | 5.34 | 412 | Cerebellum L/R”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The highest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the left middle/superior frontal and superior medial frontal cortex, precentral/SMA and anterior/mid cingulate (MNI -4, 20, 66; t = 6.46; k = 2681).

    “-4 | 20 | 66 | 6.46 | 2681 | Frontal mid/sup/sup med L”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 35

    The lowest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in a large right-hemisphere cluster including amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal, posterior cingulate, fusiform, calcarine/occipital inferior/lingual, cuneus, precuneus, temporal inferior/middle/superior, pallidum-putamen and insula/Rolandic operculum (MNI 26, -64, 18; t = 7.60; k = 6071).

    “26 | -64 | 18 | 7.60 | 6071 | Amygdala R”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 34

    The lowest gray matter volume as a function of age was found in the left lateral thalamic nucleus (MNI -16, -19, 5; t = 5.70; k = 626).

    “-16 | -19 | 5 | 5.70 | 626 | Thalamus (lateral nuclei) L”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 35

    The lowest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in a large left-hemisphere cluster including amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal, fusiform, calcarine/occipital inferior/lingual, temporal inferior/middle and insula/Rolandic operculum (MNI -36, -16, 22; t = 6.68; k = 3747).

    “-36 | -16 | 22 | 6.68 | 3747 | Amygdala L”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data
    § Legends · p. 35

    The lowest 18FDG uptake decrease as a function of age was found in the left lateral thalamic nucleus (MNI -16, -16, 8; t = 5.83; k = 145).

    “-16 | -16 | 8 | 5.83 | 145 | Thalamus (lateral nuclei) L”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data
    § Abstract · p. 2

    The paper's results support the developmental theory that the first regions to emerge phylogenetically and ontogenetically are the most resistant to age effects, and the last ones the most vulnerable.

    “Our results support the developmental theory which postulates that the first regions to emerge phylogenetically and ontogenetically are the most resistant to age effects, and the last ones the most vulnerable.”
    • Also stated in: § 4. Discussion · p. 13 · plain
      “From an evolutionary perspective, our structural findings support the 'developmental hypothesis' postulated by Grieve et al. [31] to account for structural changes in normal aging.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Grieve et al. [31] Grieve, 2005, Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging, Hum. Brain Mapp. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 3

    In normal adults, global brain atrophy is generally more pronounced in frontal areas, often followed by parietal, temporal and insular gray matter loss.

    “Overall, the literature consistently reports global brain atrophy in normal adults, generally more pronounced in frontal areas (for a review, [63]), often followed by parietal, temporal and insular gray matter (GM) loss [1,2,29,31,70,81,87].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 8 sources checked
    • cites [63] Raz, 2001, Ageing and the brain

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [1] Abe, 2006, Aging in the CNS: comparison of gray/white matter volume and diffusion tensor data, Neurobiol. Aging

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [2] Allen, 2005, Normal neuroanatomical variation due to age: the major lobes and a parcellation of the temporal region, Neurobiol. Aging source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [29] Good, 2001, A voxel-based morphometric study of aging in 465 normal adult human brains, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [31] Grieve, 2005, Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging, Hum. Brain Mapp. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [70] Resnick, 2000, One-year age changes in MRI brain volumes in older adults, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [81] Tisserand, 2004, A voxel-based morphometric study to determine individual differences in gray matter density associated with age and cognitive change over time, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [87] Yanase, 2005, Brain FDG PET study of normal aging in Japanese: effect of atrophy correction, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 3

    With age, the brain undergoes structural and functional deterioration, which is thought to be responsible for the reported cognitive decline.

    “With age, the brain undergoes structural and functional deterioration, which is thought to be responsible for the reported cognitive decline [3,62,47].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [3] Baron, 2000, Human aging

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [62] Rados, 2006, In vitro MRI of brain development, Eur. J. Radiol. source

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    • cites [47] Meltzer, 2003, Positron emission tomography imaging of the aging brain, Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. source

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  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 3

    The frontal cortex volume declines linearly and has the strongest age association, whereas hippocampal volume remains steady until about 60 years of age, after which it rapidly declines.

    “These authors, using ROI analyses (including frontal lobe, hippocampal and parahippocampal areas) by decades, found that the frontal cortex volume declined linearly and had the strongest age association, whereas the hippocampal volume remained steady until about 60 years of age, while thereafter its volume began to rapidly decline.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Allen et al. [2] Allen, 2005, Normal neuroanatomical variation due to age: the major lobes and a parcellation of the temporal region, Neurobiol. Aging source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 3

    Optimized VBM studies have systematically reported gray matter loss in the frontal lobe with aging, also affecting the insula, Heschl gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, sensorimotor areas and cerebellum.

    “Authors have systematically reported GM loss in the frontal lobe with aging [1,29,31,37,38,81,84,87], also affecting the insula, Heschl gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, sensorimotor areas and cerebellum.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 8 sources checked
    • cites [1] Abe, 2006, Aging in the CNS: comparison of gray/white matter volume and diffusion tensor data, Neurobiol. Aging

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [29] Good, 2001, A voxel-based morphometric study of aging in 465 normal adult human brains, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [31] Grieve, 2005, Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging, Hum. Brain Mapp. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [37] Lehmbeck, 2006, Combining voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging to detect age-related brain changes, Neuroreport source

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    • cites [38] Lemaître, 2005, Age- and sex-related effects on the neuroanatomy of healthy elderly, Neuroimage source

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    • cites [81] Tisserand, 2004, A voxel-based morphometric study to determine individual differences in gray matter density associated with age and cognitive change over time, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [84] Van Laere, 2001, Brain perfusion SPECT: age- and sex-related effects correlated with voxel-based morphometric findings in healthy adults, Radiology source

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    • cites [87] Yanase, 2005, Brain FDG PET study of normal aging in Japanese: effect of atrophy correction, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 5

    The occipital and posterior cingulate cortices, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia and limbic structures have been reported to be the least altered metabolically with aging, but contradictory results preclude firm conclusion.

    “All these studies being considered together, the occipital and posterior cingulate cortices, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia and limbic structures have been reported to be the least altered. However, many contradictory results preclude any firm conclusion, given that decreased metabolism has been found in the limbic areas [42], basal ganglia [32], or posterior cingulate cortex [89].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 6 sources checked
    • cites [32] Herholz, 2002, Discrimination between Alzheimer dementia and controls by automated analysis of multicenter FDG PET, Neuroimage source

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    • cites [49] Moeller, 1996, The metabolic topography of normal aging, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. source

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    • cites [58] Petit-Taboué, 1998, Effects of healthy aging on the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose assessed with statistical parametric mapping, Neuroimage source

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    • cites [86] Willis, 2002, Age, sex and laterality effects on cerebral glucose metabolism in healthy adults, Psychiatry Res. (Neuroimaging) source

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    • cites [42] Martin, 1991, Decreases in regional cerebral blood flow with normal aging, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. source

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    • cites [89] Zuendorf, 2003, Efficient principal component analysis for multivariate 3D voxel-based mapping of brain functional imaging data sets as applied to FDG-PET and normal aging, Hum. Brain Mapp. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given
    § 2.4. MRI and PET data analyses · p. 9

    All analyses were performed using a statistical threshold of p<.01 FDR, corrected for multiple comparisons, with a minimum cluster size k=20.

    “All these analyses were performed using a statistical threshold of p<.01 FDR, corrected for multiple comparisons, with a minimum cluster size k=20.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 4. Discussion · p. 11

    The hippocampal head is more resilient to normal aging than the hippocampal tail, whereas Alzheimer's disease shows a substantial decrease in anterior hippocampal volume.

    “Also, using the former method, the hippocampal head was found to be more resilient to the normal aging process than the hippocampal tail [24,64], whereas in contrast a substantial decrease in anterior hippocampal volume has been observed in Alzheimer's disease [4,43,64].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked
    • cites [24] Driscoll, 2003, The aging hippocampus: cognitive, biochemical and structural findings, Cereb. Cortex source

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    • cites [64] Raz, 2000, Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: integration of structural and functional findings

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    • cites [4] Baron, 2001, In vivo mapping of gray matter loss with voxel-based morphometry in mild Alzheimer's disease, Neuroimage source

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    • cites [43] Matsuda, 2002, Longitudinal evaluation of both morphologic and functional changes in the same individuals with Alzheimer's disease, J. Nucl. Med.

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    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 5

    PVE correction was performed very recently in two PET studies, providing the most reliable results in this field so far.

    “PVE correction (PVEc) was performed very recently in two PET studies, providing the most reliable results in this field so far [33,87].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [33] Ibanez, 2004, Resting state glucose metabolism is not reduced in normotensive healthy men during aging, after correction for brain atrophy, Brain Res. Bull. source

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    • cites [87] Yanase, 2005, Brain FDG PET study of normal aging in Japanese: effect of atrophy correction, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging source

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductcitation
    § 2.3. PET data acquisition and processing · p. 8

    PET data were corrected for partial volume effects using an optimized voxel-based modified Müller-Gärtner method.

    “PET data were first corrected for PVE . We used an optimized voxel-based technique, originally devised by Müller-Gärtner et al. [52], and modified slightly by Rousset et al. [72].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Müller-Gärtner et al. [52] Müller-Gärtner, 1992, Measurement of radiotracer concentration in brain gray matter using positron emission tomography: MRI-based correction for partial volume effects, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Rousset et al. [72] Rousset, 1998, Correction for partial volume effects in PET: principle and validation, J. Nucl. Med.

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Quarantelli et al. [61] Quarantelli, 2004, Integrated software for the analysis of brain PET/SPECT studies with partial-volume-effect correction, J. Nucl. Med.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 5

    Only the right precentral gyrus remained relatively intact across age in men, as opposed to the left superior temporal and postcentral areas in women, in a prior PVE-corrected PET study.

    “The authors report that only the right precentral gyrus remained relatively intact across age in men, as opposed to the left superior temporal and postcentral areas in women; they did not report data for the group as a whole.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [87] Yanase, 2005, Brain FDG PET study of normal aging in Japanese: effect of atrophy correction, Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 3

    The hippocampus and adjacent areas are deteriorated first and foremost in Alzheimer's disease.

    “Since this structure and adjacent areas are deteriorated first and foremost in Alzheimer's disease [4,19,36], differentiating the mesial temporal GM evolution in normal and pathological aging constitutes a key issue.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [4] Baron, 2001, In vivo mapping of gray matter loss with voxel-based morphometry in mild Alzheimer's disease, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [19] Delacourte, 1999, The biochemical pathway of neurofibrillary degeneration in aging and Alzheimer's disease, Neurology source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [36] Kantarci, 2003, Neuroimaging in Alzheimer disease: an evidence-based review, Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 4

    Longitudinal studies have mostly revealed prominent gray matter loss in prefrontal regions, with smaller but significant decline in other regions, notably mesial temporal areas.

    “Most have revealed prominent GM loss in prefrontal regions [40,59,65,71,76] with smaller but significant decline in other regions, notably in mesial temporal areas.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [40] Liu, 2003, A longitudinal study of brain morphometrics using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and difference image analysis, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [59] Pfefferbaum, 1998, A controlled study of cortical gray matter and ventricular changes in alcoholic men over a 5-year interval, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [65] Raz, 2005, Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: general trends, individual differences and modifiers, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [71] Rettmann, 2006, Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of anatomical sulcal changes associated with aging, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [76] Scahill, 2003, A longitudinal study of brain volume changes in normal aging using serial registered magnetic resonance imaging, Arch. Neurol. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 3

    The discrepancy in hippocampal findings may result from the samples selected, with preservation found when the sample covered a large life span and atrophy observed when age effects were evaluated within older samples.

    “This discrepancy may result from the samples selected in these studies. Thus, preservation of the hippocampus was found when the sample covered a large life span (17-79 years in Good et al. [29] and 8-79 in Grieve et al. [31]), whereas atrophy was observed when age effects were evaluated within older samples, i.e. 50 or 60 years and over ([38,70,81, but see [84]).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [29] Good, 2001, A voxel-based morphometric study of aging in 465 normal adult human brains, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [31] Grieve, 2005, Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging, Hum. Brain Mapp. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [38] Lemaître, 2005, Age- and sex-related effects on the neuroanatomy of healthy elderly, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [70] Resnick, 2000, One-year age changes in MRI brain volumes in older adults, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [81] Tisserand, 2004, A voxel-based morphometric study to determine individual differences in gray matter density associated with age and cognitive change over time, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 1. Introduction · p. 3

    Cortical thickness studies show prominent atrophy of the prefrontal cortex and relative sparing of the temporal and parahippocampal cortices.

    “The authors showed prominent atrophy of the prefrontal cortex, and relative sparing of the temporal and parahippocampal cortices, corroborating several previous volumetric findings (see also [68]).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [75] Salat, 2004, Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [68] Raz, 1997, Selective aging of the human cerebral cortex observed in vivo: differential vulnerability of the prefrontal gray matter, Cereb. Cortex source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Structural MRI · p. 16

    The variance of hippocampal volume is not different in young and older adults.

    “They showed that the variance of hippocampal volume was not different in young and older adults, and they gave an interesting discussion about the large hippocampal volume inter-individual variability they observed in young healthy subjects.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [41] Lupien, 2007, Hippocampal volume is as variable in young as in older adults: implications for the notion of hippocampal atrophy in humans, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning
    § 4. Discussion · p. 12

    Ibanez et al. failed to find any remaining hypometabolic areas after PVEc, possibly because differences in population and statistics induced a loss of statistical power.

    “Ibanez et al. [33] failed to find any remaining hypometabolic areas after PVEc. However, differences in the population and statistics they selected may have induced a loss of statistical power in their study, as they have compared two small groups (young vs. older groups), rather than correlating PET data and age across the whole sample.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ibanez et al. [33] Ibanez, 2004, Resting state glucose metabolism is not reduced in normotensive healthy men during aging, after correction for brain atrophy, Brain Res. Bull. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 4. Discussion · p. 14

    According to 18FDG-PET studies of postnatal maturation, the newborn period is characterized by a high metabolic rate in the mesial temporal region, cerebellar vermis, thalamus, basal ganglia, cingulate cortex and sensorimotor cortex; at three months, glucose metabolism increases in parietal, occipital and temporal cortices; frontal glucose consumption begins to increase later, between six and八个月.

    “According to 18 FDG-PET studies of the postnatal maturation of the brain [16], the newborn period is characterized by a high metabolic rate in the mesial temporal region, cerebellar vermis, thalamus, basal ganglia, cingulate cortex and sensorimotor cortex. At three months, glucose metabolism increases in the parietal, occipital and temporal cortices. Frontal glucose consumption begins to increase”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [16] Chugani, 1998, A critical period of brain development: studies of cerebral glucose utilization with PET, Prev. Med. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning
    § 4. Discussion · p. 14

    Our findings support the idea that episodic memory deficits associated with normal aging reflect above all a failure to implement an efficient strategy in the retrieval of episodic information, with encoding and ecphoric processes being relatively unaffected.

    “Thus, our findings support the idea that episodic memory deficits associated with normal aging reflect above all a failure to implement an efficient strategy in the retrieval of episodic information, with encoding and ecphoric processes being relatively unaffected.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [11] Cabeza, 2000, Imaging cognition II: an empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies, J. Cogn. Neurosci. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [20] Desgranges, 1998, The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory: the role of the frontal lobes, the hippocampal formation, and other areas, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [22] Desgranges, 2002, The neural basis of intrusions in free recall and cued recall: a PET study in Alzheimer's disease, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [50] Morcom, 2003, Age effects on the neural correlates of successful memory encoding, Brain source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [78] Schacter, 1996, The role of hippocampus and frontal cortex in age-related memory changes: a PET study, Neuroreport source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Limitations of the study · p. 17

    The SPM segmentation algorithm seems to be more particularly recommended for clinical data.

    “the SPM segmentation algorithm seems to be more particularly recommended for clinical data [88]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [88] Zaidi, 2006, Links comparative assessment of statistical brain MR image segmentation algorithms and their impact on partial volume correction in PET, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § 4. Discussion · p. 15

    According to the HIPER model, the rostral portion of the hippocampus is particularly heavily involved in encoding processes, whereas its caudal portion is mainly involved in retrieval processes.

    “According to this model, the rostral portion of the hippocampus is particularly heavily involved in encoding processes, whereas its caudal portion is mainly involved in retrieval processes.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [39] Lepage, 1998, PET activations of memory encoding and retrieval: the HIPER model, Hippocampus source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data
    § 4. Discussion · p. 13

    Our structural findings support the developmental hypothesis postulated by Grieve et al. that the first structures to neurally develop are the most resistant to aging effects, whereas those that emerge later are the first to deteriorate.

    “From an evolutionary perspective, our structural findings support the 'developmental hypothesis' postulated by Grieve et al. [31] to account for structural changes in normal aging. This hypothesis stipulates that the first structures to neurally develop are the most resistant to aging effects, whereas those that emerge during the latter stages of development are the first to deteriorate.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Grieve et al. [31] Grieve, 2005, Preservation of limbic and paralimbic structures in aging, Hum. Brain Mapp. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § 4. Discussion · p. 13

    The posterior cingulate cortex is the most metabolically impaired region in prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

    “An increasing number of studies have consistently showed that this structure is the most metabolically impaired region in prodromal Alzheimer's disease [15,53]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15] Chételat, 2003, Dissociating atrophy and hypometabolism impact on episodic memory in mild cognitive impairment, Brain source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [53] Nestor, 2003, Retrosplenial cortex (BA29/30) hypometabolism in mild cognitive impairment (prodromal Alzheimer's disease), Eur. J. Neurosci. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data
    § 4. Discussion · p. 15

    The SPM findings are robust and not due to spatial normalization errors.

    “suggesting that the SPM findings are robust and not due to spatial normalization errors.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation
    § 4. Discussion · p. 11

    The relationship of hippocampal volume to age in normal individuals is curvilinear: hippocampal volume increases in children, remains relatively stable until the late 60's, and then begins to decline.

    “The hippocampal volume increases in children [82], until in the young adult, then remains relatively stable until the late 60's when it begins to decline (see introduction), giving rise to a curvilinear function.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [82] Toga, 2006, Mapping brain maturation, Trends Neurosci. source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § Limitations of the study · p. 17

    No given segmentation or PVE correction algorithms provide the best results under all conditions.

    “Although there is no given segmentation or PVE correction algorithms providing the best results under all conditions”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [61] Quarantelli, 2004, Integrated software for the analysis of brain PET/SPECT studies with partial-volume-effect correction, J. Nucl. Med.

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [74] Rousset, 2005, Correction for partial volume effects in emission tomography

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [88] Zaidi, 2006, Links comparative assessment of statistical brain MR image segmentation algorithms and their impact on partial volume correction in PET, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Study design and conductnone given
    § Limitations of the study · p. 17

    There is a remote possibility of age effects on intrinsic MR signal and contrast.

    “Secondly, we note the remote possibility of age effects on intrinsic MR signal and contrast.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation
    § 4. Discussion · p. 13

    Previous studies have yielded discrepant results regarding subcortical nuclei and thalamus, reporting either preservation or alteration.

    “Previous studies have yielded discrepant results regarding these structures, reporting either 'preservation' [49,58,86], or alteration (before PVEc [33], see also [32]).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites [49] Moeller, 1996, The metabolic topography of normal aging, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [58] Petit-Taboué, 1998, Effects of healthy aging on the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose assessed with statistical parametric mapping, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [86] Willis, 2002, Age, sex and laterality effects on cerebral glucose metabolism in healthy adults, Psychiatry Res. (Neuroimaging) source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [33] Ibanez, 2004, Resting state glucose metabolism is not reduced in normotensive healthy men during aging, after correction for brain atrophy, Brain Res. Bull. source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [32] Herholz, 2002, Discrimination between Alzheimer dementia and controls by automated analysis of multicenter FDG PET, Neuroimage source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Study design and conductreasoning
    § Limitations of the study · p. 17

    The authors have done their best to reduce (although not totally exclude) the risk of realignment and segmentation errors.

    “we can consider that we have done our best to reduce (although not totally exclude) the risk of realignment and segmentation errors.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given
    § Limitations of the study · p. 17

    Coregistration and segmentation have been individually checked for accuracy.

    “considering the fact that coregistration and segmentation have been individually checked for accuracy”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning
    § Legends · p. 31

    Because absolute values have been divided by the global mean, the decrease of the global mean induced an increase of the relative values with age, indicating that the highlighted regions were those that undergo the least age-related GM loss and decreased 18FDG uptake.

    “Because the absolute values have been divided by the global mean in these analyses, the decrease of the global mean induced an increase of the relative values with age, indicating that the highlighted regions were those that undergo the least age-related GM loss and decreased 18 FDG uptake.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation
    § Conclusion · p. 18

    In prodromal Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is the first to become atrophic.

    “It is well-known that in prodromal Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is the first to become atrophic [14]”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [14] Chételat, 2002, Mapping gray matter loss with voxel-based morphometry in mild cognitive impairment, Neuroreport source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation
    § Limitations of the study · p. 17

    The modified Müller-Gärtner PVE correction algorithm seems to be the most accurate voxel-based method, and the least dependent on segmentation errors.

    “the modified Müller-Gärtner PVE correction algorithm seems to be the most accurate voxel-based method, and the least dependent on segmentation errors [61]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [61] Quarantelli, 2004, Integrated software for the analysis of brain PET/SPECT studies with partial-volume-effect correction, J. Nucl. Med.

      Not checked in the free run.

54 of 54

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No prior study has assessed both structural and functional deterioration and relative preservation in normal aging in the same sample using voxel-based analyses, optimized VBM and PVEc.

    “To our knowledge, no study has assessed both structural and functional deterioration and relative preservation in normal aging in the same sample and using up-to-date methodology, i.e. voxel-based analyses, the optimized-VBM procedure and PVEc.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Cross-sectional age-related differences in brain structure and metabolism reflect true aging effects rather than cohort effects.

    “Forty-five healthy subjects aged between 20 and 83 years (mean: 49.4 ± 18 years, 24 females and 21 males) were selected according to stringent prospective inclusion/exclusion criteria.”
2 of 2

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Frontal gray-matter correlation has the wrong sign

    Minor

    The figure reports a positive correlation (r = .64) between age and the frontal gray-matter measure, while the methods specify a negative correlation for absolute gray-matter volume loss. The hippocampal correlation in the same figure is negative, so the frontal value appears to have lost its minus sign.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

16 of the 111 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Cardebat, 1990, Evocation lexicale formelle et sémantique chez des sujets normaux: performances et dynamiques de production en fonction du sexe, de l’âge et du niveau d’étude, Acta Neurol. Belg., 90, 207
  2. Eustache, 1998, L’évaluation clinique de la mémoire. Revue Neurologique (Paris), 154, 18

Cited by

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Related

Authors
Kalpouzos, G., Chételat, G., Baron, J.-C., Landeau, B., Mevel, K., Godeau, C., Barré, L., Constans, J.-M., Viader, F., Eustache, F., & Desgranges, B.
Affiliations
  • Inserm (FR)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie (FR)
Corresponding author
Desgranges, Béatrice
ORCID
Venue
Neurobiology of Aging
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-01
Volume
30
Issue
1
Pages
112-124
ISSN
0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.019
OpenAlex
W2067165730
Semantic Scholar
bf607728c1e82244d92309ed602209a9f8de7586
Cited by
392
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 19
FWCI
9.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Keywords
normal brain aging, gray matter volume, glucose metabolism, voxel-based morphometry, FDG-PET, partial volume correction, frontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex, cognitive preservation, Alzheimer's disease, brain aging
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Brain, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Middle Aged, Neurons, Organ Size, Radionuclide Imaging, Tissue Distribution, Radiopharmaceuticals, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Young Adult

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