Excessive Sleepiness in Adolescents and Young Adults: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment Strategies
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults are often excessively sleepy. This excessive sleepiness can have a profound negative effect on school performance, cognitive function, and mood and has been associated with other serious consequences such as increased incidence of automobile crashes. In this article we review available scientific knowledge about normal sleep changes in adolescents (13-22 years of age), the factors associated with chronic insufficient sleep, the effect of insufficient sleep on a variety of systems and functions, and the primary sleep disorders or organic dysfunctions that, if untreated, can cause excessive daytime sleepiness in this population.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
Kryger, M. H., Roth, T. G., & Dement, W. C. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-59875-3 · Cited by 5,118 · see citing works
Two-Process Model of Sleep Regulation
Binder, M. D., Hirokawa, N., & Windhorst, U. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29678-2_6166 · Cited by 3,895 · see citing works
Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., Mullington, J. M., & Dinges, D. F. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.2.117 · Cited by 3,173 · see citing works
Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years, Part I
BIRMAHER, B., RYAN, N. D., WILLIAMSON, D. E., BRENT, D. A., KAUFMAN, J., DAHL, R. E., PEREL, J., & NELSON, B. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199611000-00011 · Cited by 2,076 · see citing works
Dinges, D. F., Pack, F. M., Williams, K., Gillen, K. A., Powell, J. W., Ott, G. E., Trasande, C. A., & Pack, A. I. (1997) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.4.267 · Cited by 2,018 · see citing works
Sleep Schedules and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents
Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06149.x · Cited by 1,676 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT): A Standard Measure of Sleepiness
Carskadon, M. A. (1986) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/9.4.519 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation
Borb, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129000894 · Cited by 1,503 · see citing works
Dijk, D., & Czeisler, C. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03526.1995 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Sleep Duration From Infancy to Adolescence: Reference Values and Generational Trends
Iglowstein, I., Jenni, O. G., Molinari, L., & Largo, R. H. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.2.302 · Cited by 1,318 · see citing works
Redline, S. S., Tishler, P. V., SCHLUCHTER, M. D., Aylor, J. E., Clark, K., & Graham, G. C. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.5.9809079 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Association between Puberty and Delayed Phase Preference
Carskadon, M. A., Vieira, C., & Acebo, C. (1993) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/16.3.258 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Sleep related vehicle accidents
Horne, J. A., & Reyner, L. A. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6979.565 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Normal Polysomnographic Values for Children and Adolescents
Marcus, C. L., Omlin, K. J., Basinki, D. J., Bailey, S. L., Rachal, A. B., von Pechmann, W. S., Keens, T. G., & Ward, S. L. D. (1992) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/146.5_pt_1.1235 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Sustained attention performance during sleep deprivation: evidence of state instability.
Doran, S. M., Dongen, H. P. A. V., & Dinges, D. F. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Adolescent Sleep Patterns, Circadian Timing, and Sleepiness at a Transition to Early School Days
Carskadon, M. A., Wolfson, A. R., Acebo, C., Tzischinsky, O., & Seifer, R. (1998) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/21.8.871 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Understanding adolescent's sleep patterns and school performance: a critical appraisal
Wolfson, A. R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2003) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1087-0792(03)90003-7 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
The regulation of sleep and arousal: development and psychopathology
Dahl, R. E. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400006945 · Cited by 707 · see citing works
Circadian preference, sleep and daytime behaviour in adolescence
Giannotti, F., Cortesi, F., Sebastiani, T., & Ottaviano, S. (2002) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00302.x · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Moore, R. Y. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Evidence for the validity of a sleep habits survey for adolescents
Wolfson, A. R., Carskadon, M. A., Acebo, C., Seifer, R., Fallone, G., Labyak, S. E., & Martin, J. L. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.2.213 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
The Clinical Picture of Major Depression in Children and Adolescents
Ryan, N. D. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800220016003 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Symptom Patterns in Hyperkinetic, Neurotic, and Normal Children
Conners, C. K. (1970) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1127215 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Sleeping and waking disorders : indications and techniques
Guilleminault, C. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Symptoms of Sleep Disorders, Inattention, and Hyperactivity in Children
Chervin, R. D., Dillon, J. E., Bassetti, C. L., Ganoczy, D. A., & Pituch, K. (1997) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.12.1185 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep.
Pack, A., Pack, A. M., Rodgman, E., Cucchiara, A., Dinges, D., & Schwab, C. (1995) · Accident Analysis and Prevention · doi:10.1016/0001-4575(95)00034-8 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Changes in sleep cycle patterns with age
Feinberg, I. (1974) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(74)90011-9 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Patterns of sleep and sleepiness in adolescents.
Carskadon, M. A. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Pubertal Changes in Daytime Sleepiness
Mary, A. C., Harvey, K., Duke, P., Thomas, F. A., Iris, F. L., & William, C. D. (1980) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/2.4.453 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Weitzman, E. D. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780320017001 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) as a noradrenergic disorder
Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00192-4 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Cumulative effects of sleep restriction on daytime sleepiness.
Carskadon, M., & Dement, W. (1981) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02921.x · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Trockel, M., Barnes, M., & Egget, D. L. (2000) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448480009596294 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Sleep/Wake Disorders: Natural History, Epidemiology, and Long-Term Evolution.
(1984) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-4-629_1 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Cognitive Function Following Acute Sleep Restriction in Children Ages 10–14
(1998) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/21.8.861 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Delayed sleep phase syndrome response to melatonin
Dahlitz, M., Álvarez, B., Parkes, J. D., English, J., Arendt, J., & Vignau, J. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)92787-3 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Parental and Self-report of Sleep in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Owens, J. A., Maxim, R., Nobile, C., McGuinn, M., & Msall, M. E. (2000) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.154.6.549 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Instability of Sleep Patterns in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
GRUBER, R., SADEH, A., & RAVIV, A. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200004000-00019 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Development of sleep patterns in early adolescence
Laberge, L., Petit, D., Simard, C., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R., & Montplaisir, J. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00242.x · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Timing of REM Sleep is Coupled to the Circadian Rhythm of Body Temperature in Man
Charles, A. C., Janet, C. Z., Joseph, M. R., Martin, C. M.-E., & Elliot, D. W. (1980) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/2.3.329 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Lewy, A. J., Bauer, V. K., Ahmed, S., Thomas, K. H., Cutler, N. L., Singer, C. M., Moffit, M. T., & Sack, R. L. (1998) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420529808998671 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Chronotherapy: Resetting the Circadian Clocks of Patients with Delayed Sleep Phase Insomnia
Czeisler, C. A., Richardson, G. S., Coleman, R. M., Zimmerman, J. C., Moore‐Ede, M. C., Dement, W. C., & Weitzman, E. D. (1981) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/4.1.1 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Childhood and Adolescent Depression: A Review of the Past 10 Years. Part II
Birmaher, B. B., Ryan, N. D., Williamson, D. E., Brent, D. A., & Kaufman, J. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199612000-00008 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Dawson, D. E., & Encel, N. (1993) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.1993.tb00503.x · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Electroencephalography (EEG) of human sleep : clinical applications
Williams, R. L., Karacan, I., & Hursch, C. J. (1974) · Wiley eBooks · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Phase-Shifting Effects of Bright Morning Light as Treatment for Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
Rosenthal, N. E., Joseph-Vanderpool, J. R., Levendosky, A. A., Johnston, S. H., Allen, R. P., Kelly, K. A., Souêtre, E., Schultz, P. M., & Starz, K. E. (1990) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/13.4.354 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Picchietti, D. L., England, S. J., Walters, A. S., Willis, K. J., & Verrico, T. (1998) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389801301202 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Idiopathic hypersomnia. A series of 42 patients
Bassetti, C. L. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.8.1423 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Fallone, G., Acebo, C., Arnedt, J. T., Seifer, R., & Carskadon, M. A. (2001) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2001.93.1.213 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
A Naturalistic Assessment of the Motor Activity of Hyperactive Boys
Porrino, L. J. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.04390010091012 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Morrison, D., McGee, R. O., & Stanton, W. R. (1992) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199201000-00014 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
(1999) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420001211 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Time in bed, quality of sleep and school functioning of children
Meijer, Habekothé, & Wittenboer, V. D. (2000) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00198.x · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Sleep and Alertness in Children with ADHD
Lecendreux, M., Konofal, E., Bouvard, M., Falissard, B., & Mouren‐Siméoni, M. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00667 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Hyperactivity and Polysomnographic Findings in Children Evaluated for Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chervin, R. D., & Archbold, K. H. (2001) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/24.3.313 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Sleepiness and driving: the experience of UK car drivers
Maycock, G. (1996) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1996.00229.x · Cited by 258 · see citing works
(1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.4.16041 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Corkum, P. V., Moldofsky, H., Hogg‐Johnson, S., Humphries, T., & Tannock, R. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00018 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Use of Nasal CPAP in 80 Children
Waters, K. A., Everett, F., Bruderer, J. W., & Sullivan, C. E. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633742 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Broughton, R., Ghanem, Q., Hishikawa, Y., Sugita, Y., Nevšímalová, S., & Roth, B. (1981) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100043419 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Corkum, P. V., Tannock, R., Moldofsky, H., Hogg‐Johnson, S., & Humphries, T. (2001) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/24.3.303 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Changes in circadian rhythms and sleep quality with aging: Mechanisms and interventions
Myers, B. L., & Badia, P. (1995) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00018-6 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Nagtegaal, J. E., KERKHOF, G. A., Smits, M. G., Swart, & van der Meer, Y. G. (1998) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1998.00102.x · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The Go—No‐Go paradigm in attention deficit disorder
Trommer, B. L., Hoeppner, J. B., Lorber, R., & Armstrong, K. J. (1988) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410240504 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Kaplan, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/s1053-0770(96)80171-6 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Starting Times of School: Effects on Daytime Functioning of Fifth-grade Children in Israel
Epstein, R., Chillag, N., & Lavie, P. (1998) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/21.3.250 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Age‐related modifications of NREM sleep EEG: from childhood to middle age
Gaudreau, H., Carrier, J., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00252.x · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences.
Carskadon, M. A. (2002) · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Differences in reported sleep need among adolescents
Mercer, P. W., Merritt, S. L., & Cowell, J. M. (1998) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(98)00037-8 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbance in Preschool-Aged Hyperactive and Nonhyperactive Children
Kaplan, B. J., McNicol, J., Conte, R., & Moghadam, H. K. (1987) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.80.6.839 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The Role of Sleep Disturbances in Attention Deficit Disorder Symptoms: A Case Study
Dahl, R. E., Pelham, W. E., & Wierson, M. (1991) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/16.2.229 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
New Insights Into the Mammalian Circadian Clock
Miller, J. D., Morin, L. P., Schwartz, W. J., & Moore, R. Y. (1996) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/19.8.641 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Unravelling Sleep Problems in Treated and Untreated Children with ADHD
Stein, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1999.9.157 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Selective reduction of genioglossal muscle activity by alcohol in normal human subjects.
Krol, R. C., Knuth, S. L., & Bartlett, D. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Mitler, M. M., Dawson, A., Henriksen, S. J., Sobers, M., & Bloom, F. E. (1988) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb01349.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
A Clinical Picture of Child and Adolescent Narcolepsy
Dahl, R. E., Holttum, J. R., & Trubnick, L. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199407000-00009 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Restless legs syndrome in childhood and adolescence
Walters, A. S., Picchietti, D. L., Ehrenberg, B. L., & Wagner, M. (1994) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/0887-8994(94)90110-4 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Konofal, É., Lecendreux, M., Bouvard, M. P., & Mouren, M. (2001) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00808.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Distribution of REM Sleep in Entrained 24 Hour and Free-Running Sleep-Wake Cycles
Zulley, J. (1980) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/2.4.377 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Chronobiotics—drugs that shift rhythms
Dawson, D. E., & Armstrong, S. M. (1996) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)02020-9 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP LENGTH AND GRADE-POINT AVERAGE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
Kelly, W. E., Kelly, K. E., & Clanton, R. C. (2001) · College student journal · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Mick, E. O., Biederman, J., Jetton, J. G., & Faraone, S. V. (2000) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/10445460050167331 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Sleep Patterns of Adolescents
Carskadon, M. A. (2001) · Adolescent Sleep Patterns · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499999.005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Prevalence and Correlates of Poor Sleep Among Adolescents
Price, V. A. (1978) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1978.02120310047009 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
(2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.t01-4-00086 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Kennaway, D. J., Lushington, K., Dawson, D. E., Lack, L. C., van den Heuvel, C. J., & Rogers, N. L. (1999) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.1999.tb00617.x · Cited by 133 · see citing works
EEG sleep in adolescents with major depression: the role of suicidality and inpatient status
Dahl, R. E., Puig-Antich, J., Ryan, N. D., Nelson, B., DACHILLE, S., Cunningham, S. L., Trubnick, L., & Klepper, T. P. (1990) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(90)90010-6 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Crashes and Fatalities Related to Driver Drowsiness/Fatigue
Knipling, R. R. (1994) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e528462009-001 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Parental Report of Sleep Problems in Children with Attentional and Learning Disorders
Marcotte, A. C., Thacher, P. V., Butters, M. A., Bortz, J. J., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (1998) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-199806000-00005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Rao, U., Dahl, R. E., Ryan, N. D., Birmaher, B. B., Williamson, D. E., Giles, D. E., Rao, R., Kaufman, J., & Nelson, B. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00481-5 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
WILLIAMSON, D. E., BIRMAHER, B., ANDERSON, B. P., AL-SHABBOUT, M., & RYAN, N. D. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199505000-00011 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Electroencephalographic Sleep of Adolescents With Major Depression and Normal Controls
Goetz, R. R. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800130069009 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
EEG Sleep of Normal Healthy Children. Part I: Findings Using Standard Measurement Methods
Coble, P. A., Kupfer, D. J., Taska, L. S., & Kane, J. (1984) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/7.4.289 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Sleep Behaviors and Disorders in Children and Adolescents Evaluated at Psychiatric Clinics
Simonds, J. F., & Párraga, H. C. (1984) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-198402000-00002 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Krahn, L. E., Pankratz, V. S., Oliver, L. K., et al. (2002) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/25.7.733 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Ball, J. D., Tiernan, M., Janusz, J. A., & Furr, A. A. (1997) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/22.3.389 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Sleep, Breathing, and Cephalometrics in Older Children and Young Adults
Acebo, C., Millman, R. P., Rosenberg, C. L., Cavallo, A., & Carskadon, M. A. (1996) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.109.3.664 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep onset abnormalities in depressed adolescents
Dahl, R. E., Ryan, N. D., MATTY, M. K., Birmaher, B. B., Al-Shabbout, M., Williamson, D. E., & Kupfer, D. J. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00190-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Melatonin Rhythms in Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
Shibui, K., Uchiyama, M., & Okawa, M. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873049901400110 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Ring, A., Stein, D. J., Barak, Y., Teicher, A., Hadjez, J., Elizur, A., & Weizman, A. (1998) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221949803100607 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Adolescents Aged 12 to 16 Years
Sánchez‐Armengol, Á., Fuentes‐Pradera, M. A., Capote‐Gil, F., et al. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.5.1393 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Melatonin Rhythms in Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
Shibui, K., Uchiyama, M., & Okawa, M. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129000371 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Melatonin, and delayed sleep phase syndrome
Oldani, A., Ferini‐Strambi, L., Zucconi, M., et al. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199412300-00034 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Sleep Patterns in Hyperkinetic and Normal Children
Busby, K., Firestone, P., & Pivik, R. T. (1981) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/4.4.366 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kirmil‐Gray, K., Eagleston, J. R., Gibson, E., & Thoresen, C. E. (1984) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02088636 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Picchietti, D. L., & Walters, A. S. (1996) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30359-6 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Annual and Weekly Changes in the Sleep-Wake Rhythm of School Children
Szymczak, J. T., Jasińska, M., Pawlak, E., & Zwierzykowska, M. (1993) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/16.5.433 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Why Do People Have Drowsy Driving Crashes? Input from Drivers Who Just Did
Stutts, J. C., Wilkins, J. W., & Vaughn, B. V. (1999) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e363922004-001 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Disorders and Sleep/Arousal Disturbance
BROWN, T. E., & McMULLEN, W. J. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05784.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Melatonin: nature's soporific?
Wirz‐Justice, A., & Armstrong, S. M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Diagnostic aspects of narcolepsy
Aldrich, M. S. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.2_suppl_1.s2 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Guilleminault, C., & Pelayo, R. (2000) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.2165/00148581-200002010-00001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hypnopolygraphic alterations in attention deficit disorder (ADD) children
Platon, M. J. R., Bueno, A. V., Sierra, J. E., & Kales, S. N. (1990) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459008986591 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Melationin: Nature's Soporific?
Wirz‐Justicel, A. W. A. S. M. A., & Armstro, S. M. (1996) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1996.d01-69.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Sleep EEG features of adolescents with major depression
Emslie, G. J., Rush, A. J., Weinberg, W. A., Rintelmann, J. W., & Roffwarg, H. P. (1994) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90067-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Palm, L., Persson, E., Bjerre, I., Elmqvist, D., & Blennow, G. (1992) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12313.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Terman, L. M., & Hocking, A. (1913) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0070635 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Current concepts in the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy
Thorpy, M. J. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00081-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Nabilone increases choreatic movements in Huntington's disease
Müller‐Vahl, K., Schneider, U., & Emrich, H. M. (1999) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/1531-8257(199911)14:6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Sleep quality in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An actigraphic study
Dagan, Y., ZEEVI‐LURIA, S., SEVER, Y., Hallis, D., Yovel, I., Sadeh, A., & Dolev, E. (1997) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02604.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Prevalence of Snoring and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in a Student Population
Hui, D. S. C., Chan, J. K. W., Ho, A., Choy, D. K. L., Lai, C. K. W., & Leung, R. C.-Y. (1999) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.116.6.1530 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Are some motives more linked to suicide proneness than others?
Holden, R. R., Kerr, P. S., Mendonca, J. D., & Velamoor, V. R. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199808)54:5 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
REM Latency in Endogenously Depressed Adolescents
Kutcher, S., Williamson, P., Marton, P., & Szalai, J. P. (1992) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.161.3.399 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Naseem, S., Chaudhary, B. A., & Collop, N. A. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.1.294 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome
Regestein, Q. R., & Pavlova, M. K. (1995) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(95)00062-v · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sleep, Breathing, and Cephalometrics in Older Children and Young Adults
Millman, R. P., Acebo, C., Rosenberg, C. L., & Carskadon, M. A. (1996) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.109.3.673 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationMorehouse, R. L., Kusumakar, V., Kutcher, S., LeBlanc, J. C., & Armitage, R. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01297-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Longitudinal Sleep Patterns during Pubertal Growth: Four-year Follow-up
Karacan, I., Anch, M., Thornby, J. I., Okawa, M., & WILLIAMS, R. L. (1975) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197511000-00008 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents
Biederman, J., & Steingard, R. J. (1989) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19891101-08 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Sleep REM latency in hyperkinetic boys
Khan, A. U. (1982) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.139.10.1358 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sleep patterns among ADHD children
Ball, J. D. (1995) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(95)00037-p · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Arendt, J. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sleep Patterns of Pubertal Males
Williams, R. L., Karacan, I., Hursch, C. J., & DAVIS, C. E. (1972) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197208000-00001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wolfson, A. R. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499999.015 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER IN ADOLESCENTS
Robin, A. L. (1999) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70170-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hoeppner, J. B., Trommer, B. L., Armstrong, K. J., Rosenberg, R. S., & Picchietti, D. L. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/bf01993909 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dahl, R. E., & Lewin, D. S. (2001) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Johnstone, S. J., Tardif, H. P., Barry, R. J., & Sands, T. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(01)00121-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Arendt, J. (2000) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2000.00229.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Use of a Pediatric Sleep Screening Tool in the Primary Care Setting
Owens, J. A., & Dalzell, V. (2000) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200010000-00033 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nudel, M. (1993) · The American school board journal · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Abmayr, S. B., & Day, H. D. (1994) · Child study journal · Cited by 6 · see citing works
House, J. J. (2001) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.9.6.9.19055 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Update on Causes and Consequences
Owens, J., ADOLESCENT SLEEP WORKING GROUP, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Au, R., Carskadon, M., Millman, R., Wolfson, A., Braverman, P. K., Adelman, W. P., Breuner, C. C., et al. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1696 · Cited by 1,413 · see citing works
Self-citationFaigenbaum, A. D., Kraemer, W. J., Blimkie, C. J. R., Jeffreys, I., Micheli, L. J., Nitka, M., & Rowland, T. W. (2009) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31819df407 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Calamaro, C. J., Mason, T. B. A., & Ratcliffe, S. J. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3641 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
The association between social media use and sleep disturbance among young adults
Levenson, J. C., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.001 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Parental sleep concerns in autism spectrum disorders: Variations from childhood to adolescence
Goldman, S. E., Richdale, A. L., Clemons, T., & Malow, B. A. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1270-5 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
"Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students
Gibson, E. S., Powles, A. P., Thabane, L., O'Brien, S., Molnar, D. S., Trajanovic, N., Ogilvie, R., Shapiro, C., Yan, M., & Chilcott-Tanser, L. (2006) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-116 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes
Paleti, R., Eluru, N., & Bhat, C. R. (2010) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.05.005 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Adolescent Cognitive–Behavioral Sleep Interventions
Blake, M. J., Sheeber, L. B., Youssef, G. J., Raniti, M. B., & Allen, N. B. (2017) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-017-0234-5 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“…Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia 5 Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA (Adolescent Sleep Working Group 2014; American Medical Association 2010; Millman 2005; Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 2011).”
BackgroundAssociations of executive function with sleepiness and sleep duration in adolescents
Anderson, B., Storfer-Isser, A., Taylor, H. G., Rosen, C. L., & Redline, S. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1182 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
de Bruin, E. J., Bögels, S. M., Oort, F. J., & Meijer, A. M. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5240 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Eaton, D. K., McKnight-Eily, L. R., Lowry, R., Perry, G. S., Presley-Cantrell, L., & Croft, J. B. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.011 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The Neurocognitive Effects of Sleep Disruption in Children and Adolescents
O'Brien, L. M. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2009.04.008 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Reward-related brain function and sleep in pre/early pubertal and mid/late pubertal adolescents
Holm, S. M., Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Phillips, M. L., Tarr, J. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2009) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.04.001 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The effect of presleep video-game playing on adolescent sleep
Weaver, E., Gradisar, M., Dohnt, H., Lovato, N., & Douglas, P. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27769 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Chapman, D. P., Liu, Y., Presley-Cantrell, L. R., Edwards, V. J., Wheaton, A. G., Perry, G. S., & Croft, J. B. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-3 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Kabrita, C., Hajjar-Muça, T., & Duffy, J. (2014) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s55538 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Delaying school starting time by one hour: some effects on attention levels in adolescents
Lufi, D., Tzischinsky, O., & Hadar, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.28100 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
CHIANG, H.-L., GAU, S. S.-F., NI, H.-C., CHIU, Y.-N., SHANG, C.-Y., WU, Y.-Y., LIN, L.-Y., TAI, Y.-M., & SOONG, W.-T. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00832.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Exercising, sleep-EEG patterns, and psychological functioning are related among adolescents
Brand, S., Gerber, M., Beck, J., Hatzinger, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622970903522501 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation amplifies striatal activation to monetary reward
Mullin, B. C., Phillips, M. L., Siegle, G. J., Buysse, D. J., Forbes, E. E., & Franzen, P. L. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002875 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Foerster, M., Henneke, A., Chetty-Mhlanga, S., & Röösli, M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16030518 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Blake, M., Waloszek, J. M., Schwartz, O., Raniti, M., Simmons, J. G., Blake, L., Murray, G., Dahl, R. E., Bootzin, R., Dudgeon, P., et al. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000142 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Is there an association between short sleep duration and adolescent anxiety disorders?
Roberts, R. E., & Duong, H. T. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.02.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Adolescent sleep and working memory performance
GRADISAR, M., TERRILL, G., JOHNSTON, A., & DOUGLAS, P. (2008) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00353.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
de Bruin, E. J., Bögels, S. M., Oort, F. J., & Meijer, A. M. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12834 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Pallesen, S., Saxvig, I. W., Molde, H., S⊘rensen, E., Wilhelmsen‐Langeland, A., & Bjorvatn, B. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Daniel, L., Kazak, A. E., Li, Y., Hobbie, W., Ginsberg, J., Butler, E., & Schwartz, L. (2016) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-015-2798-2 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Bullying, sleep/wake patterns and subjective sleep disorders: Findings from a cross-sectional survey
Kubiszewski, V., Fontaine, R., Potard, C., & Gimenes, G. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.877475 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Kirby, M., Maggi, S., & D’Angiulli, A. (2011) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x11402323 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
DEWALD, J. F., SHORT, M. A., GRADISAR, M., OORT, F. J., & MEIJER, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.00999.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Weight-Control Strategies Among US High School Students
Wheaton, A. G., Perry, G. S., Chapman, D. P., & Croft, J. B. (2013) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.2872 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Jason, T., Somrat, L., Vitool, L., Wipawan, C. P., Thanapoom, R., Mahlet, G. T., Bizu, G., & Michelle, A. W. (2014) · Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology · doi:10.5897/jphe2014.0620 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents
Mousavi, Z., & Troxel, W. M. (2023) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-023-00263-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Adolescents’ preference for later school start times
Werner, H., Albrecht, J. N., Widmer, N., Janisch, D., Huber, R., & Jenni, O. G. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13401 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Making Memories: Why Time Matters
Kelley, P., Evans, M. D. R., & Kelley, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00400 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Delayed school start times and adolescent health
Berger, A. T., Widome, R., & Troxel, W. M. (2019) · Sleep and Health · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815373-4.00033-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Millman, R. P., & Working Group on Sleepiness in Adolescents/Young Adults; and AAP Committee on Adolescence
- Corresponding author
- Millman, Richard P.
- ORCID
- Millman, Richard P.
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2005-06-01
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1774-1786
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2041561033
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- excessive daytime sleepiness, adolescents, young adults, insufficient sleep, sleep disorders, sleep deprivation, academic performance, cognitive function, mood, traffic accidents
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Traffic, Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Appointments and Schedules, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Automobile Driving, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Employment, Female, Habits, Homeostasis, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Light, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Puberty, Schools, Sleep Stages, Switzerland, United States, Mood Disorders, Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review