Prospective study of shift work and risk of coronary heart disease in women
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine prospectively the relation of shift work to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a cohort of women. METHODS AND RESULTS: An ongoing prospective cohort of US female nurses, in whom we assessed (in 1988) the total number of years during which they worked rotating night shifts (at least three nights per month in addition to day and evening shifts), included 79,109 women, 42 to 67 years old in 1988, who were free of diagnosed CHD and stroke. Incident CHD was defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD. During 4 years of follow-up (1988 to 1992), 292 cases of incident CHD (248 nonfatal myocardial infarction and 44 fatal CHD) occurred. The age-adjusted relative risk of CHD was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.76) in women who reported ever doing shift work compared with those who had never done so. The excess risk persisted after adjustment for cigarette smoking and a variety of other cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with women who had never done shift work, the multivariate adjusted relative risks of CHD were 1.21 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.59) among women reporting less than 6 years and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.12 to 2.03) among those reporting 6 or more years of rotating night shifts. CONCLUSIONS: These data are compatible with the possibility that 6 or more years of shift work may increase the risk of CHD in women.
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The 1988 assessment of lifetime night work likely captures most of the night shift work history of women retained in this cohort.
“The 1988 assessment of lifetime night work likely captures most of the night shift work history of women retained in this cohort, as, based on data from the NHS2 cohort,46 <5% of nurses continue to work night shifts in middle age and <2% commence working night shifts at this age.”
From Total and Cause-Specific Mortality of U.S. Nurses Working Rotating Night Shifts (2015) · cites this paper as [46]
Shift work is associated with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes.
“shift work is associated with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes”
From The impact of the circadian timing system on cardiovascular and metabolic function (2012) · cites this paper as Kawachi et al., 1995
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- Authors
- Kawachi, I., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Speizer, F. E., & Hennekens, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3178-3182
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2167558268
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 9.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL34594, R01HL034594)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-40356)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- shift work, rotating night shifts, coronary artery disease, women, female nurses, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular risk factors, cigarette smoking
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Nurses, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Work Schedule Tolerance, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis
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