The sirtuins, oxidative stress and aging: an emerging link
Open accessAbstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a family of compounds that can oxidatively damage cellular macromolecules and may influence lifespan. Sirtuins are a conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases that regulate lifespan in many model organisms including yeast and mice. Recent work suggests that sirtuins can modulate ROS levels notably during a dietary regimen known as calorie restriction which enhances lifespan for several organisms. Although both sirtuins and ROS have been implicated in the aging process, their precise roles remain unknown. In this review, we summarize current thinking about the oxidative stress theory of aging, discuss some of the compelling data linking the sirtuins to ROS and aging, and propose a conceptual model placing the sirtuins into an ROS-driven mitochondria-mediated hormetic response.
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Oxidized glutathione underpins all mitochondrial H2O2 detoxification and is reduced by NADPH-dependent glutathione reductases.
“Oxidized glutathione thus underpins all mitochondrial H2O2 detoxification, and is reduced by NADPH-dependent glutathione reductases ((Merksamer et al. 2013)).”
From The Mitochondrial Acylome Emerges: Proteomics, Regulation by Sirtuins, and Metabolic and Disease Implications (2018) · cites this paper as Merksamer et al. 2013
Alterations in the affinity of FOXO to DNA and modifications of transcriptional activity play a significant role in the pathology of chronic diseases such as cancer or diabetes and affect the lifespan of organisms by activation of longevity genes such as SIRT6 responsible for the synthesis of antioxidants and HSP chaperones.
“Alterations in the affinity of FOXO to DNA and modifications of transcriptional activity play a significant role not only in the pathology of chronic diseases such as cancer or diabetes but also affect the lifespan of organisms by activation of longevity genes such as SIRT6 responsible for the synthesis of antioxidants and HSP chaperones (Merksamer et al. 2013).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Merksamer et al. 2013
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- Authors
- Merksamer, P. I., Liu, Y., He, W., Hirschey, M. D., Chen, D., & Verdin, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Verdin, Eric
- Venue
- Aging
- Publisher
- Impact Journals, LLC
- Published
- 2013-03-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 144-150
- ISSN
- 1945-4589 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3629286
- OpenAlex
- W47495918
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Aging (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG040990)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (F32GM103144)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P30AI027763)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK026743)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- sirtuins, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, caloric restriction, lifespan, NAD+-dependent deacetylase, mitochondria, hormesis
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Humans, Longevity, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Caloric Restriction, Sirtuins
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