Ten‐Year Effects of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Cognitive Training Trial on Cognition and Everyday Functioning in Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: To determine the effects of cognitive training on cognitive abilities and everyday function over 10 years. Design: Ten‐year follow‐up of a randomized, controlled single‐blind trial (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly ( ACTIVE )) with three intervention groups and a no‐contact control group. Setting: Six U.S. cities. Participants: A volunteer sample of 2,832 persons (mean baseline age 73.6; 26% African American) living independently. Intervention: Ten training sessions for memory, reasoning, or speed of processing; four sessions of booster training 11 and 35 months after initial training. Measurements: Objectively measured cognitive abilities and self‐reported and performance‐based measures of everyday function. Results: Participants in each intervention group reported less difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living ( IADL s) (memory: effect size = 0.48, 99% confidence interval ( CI ) = 0.12–0.84; reasoning: effect size = 0.38, 99% CI = 0.02–0.74; speed of processing: effect size = 0.36, 99% CI = 0.01–0.72). At a mean age of 82, approximately 60% of trained participants, versus 50% of controls ( P < .05), were at or above their baseline level of self‐reported IADL function at 10 years. The reasoning and speed‐of‐processing interventions maintained their effects on their targeted cognitive abilities at 10 years (reasoning: effect size = 0.23, 99% CI = 0.09–0.38; speed of processing: effect size = 0.66, 99% CI = 0.43–0.88). Memory training effects were no longer maintained for memory performance. Booster training produced additional and durable improvement for the reasoning intervention for reasoning performance (effect size = 0.21, 99% CI = 0.01–0.41) and the speed‐of‐processing intervention for speed‐of‐processing performance (effect size = 0.62, 99% CI = 0.31–0.93). Conclusion: Each Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly cognitive intervention resulted in less decline in self‐reported IADL compared with the control group. Reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mental stimulation and cognitive training improve memory in older adults.
“Findings showing that mental stimulation and cognitive training improve memory in older adults43,44 have led to the development of several memory apps and computer games.”
From Brain health consequences of digital technology use (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
In the ACTIVE study, reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years.
“based on the results of a previous study, ACTIVE, where reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years [188].”
From Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [188]
The ACTIVE study found that cognitive training groups demonstrated improvements on trained tasks which remained over time and evidence of transfer to functional tasks.
“The Advanced Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study examined the longitudinal effects of cognitive training in 2,832 older adults [10]. Cognitive training groups demonstrated improvements on trained tasks which remained over time and evidence of transfer to functional tasks [10–12].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Findings for transfer effects of cognitive training on untrained cognitive domains and daily functioning are less consistent.
“While a variety of cognitive training studies have identified post-intervention gains on trained tasks and on tasks within similar domains [13–15], findings for transfer effects on untrained cognitive domains and daily functioning are less consistent, presenting a need to improve the efficacy of cognitive training interventions in producing clinically meaningful outcomes [11, 15–18].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
Computerized cognitive training is a recognized way to enhance cognition in healthy older adults.
“CCT is an established method to improve cognitive functioning in older healthy adults47, 48”
From State of the Science of Neural Systems in Late‐Life Depression: Impact on Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcome (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
Mindfulness meditation training improves cognitive problems and psychiatric symptoms in older adults.
“MMT improves cognitive dysfunction and psychopathology in older adults.”
From State of the Science of Neural Systems in Late‐Life Depression: Impact on Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcome (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
Assistive technologies and cognitive stimulation activities have been found to promote independent living and to help protect against age-related cognitive decline.
“Assistive technologies (also called gerontechnologies) and cognitive stimulation activities (e.g., games) have been found to promote independent living and to help protect against age-related cognitive decline [6].”
From Participatory Design, Development, and Testing of Assistive Health Robots with Older Adults: An International Four-year Project (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
The present meta-analysis is in line with the general skepticism about the alleged benefits of commercial cognitive-training programs expressed by Simon et al. (2016) and reported in large trials (e.g., ACTIVE; Rebok et al., 2014).
“In this respect, the present meta-analysis is in line with the general skepticism about the alleged benefits of commercial cognitive-training programs expressed by Simon et al. (2016) and reported in large trials (e.g., ACTIVE; Rebok et al., 2014).”
From The cognitive and academic benefits of Cogmed: A meta-analysis (2019) · cites this paper as Rebok et al., 2014
The science of cognitive training has proven effective in laboratory settings across a number of large clinical trials.
“the science of cognitive training has proven effective in laboratory settings across a number of large clinical trials (e.g., NIA-funded ACTIVE study).(Rebok, Ball, Guey, Jones, Kim, King, Marsiske, Morris, Tennstedt, Unverzagt, and Willis 2014)”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Rebok, Ball, Guey, Jones, Kim, King, Marsiske, Morris, Tennstedt, Unverzagt, and Willis 2014
The ACTIVE study showed significant improvement in driving performance and training measures lasting as long as ten years after initial training targeting processing speed and attention in over 1500 older adults.
“The ACTIVE study showed significant improvement in driving performance and training measures lasting as long as ten years after the initial training targeting processing speed and attention in over 1500 older adults.(Rebok, Ball, Guey, Jones, Kim, King, Marsiske, Morris, Tennstedt, Unverzagt, and Willis 2014)”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Rebok, Ball, Guey, Jones, Kim, King, Marsiske, Morris, Tennstedt, Unverzagt, and Willis 2014
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
<b>mice</b>: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in<i>R</i>
Buuren, S. V., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v045.i03 · Cited by 13,870 · see citing works
(2010) · University of Twente Research Information · Cited by 6,037 · see citing works
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Schafer, J. L. (1997) · doi:10.1201/9781439821862 · Cited by 6,012 · see citing works
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Booth, D. E., & Schafer, J. L. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271466 · Cited by 5,627 · see citing works
Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Jagust, W. J., Shaw, L. M., Aisen, P. S., Weiner, M. W., Petersen, R. C., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70299-6 · Cited by 4,806 · see citing works
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61457-4 · Cited by 3,020 · see citing works
Effects of Cognitive Training Interventions With Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Ball, K., Berch, D. B., Helmers, K. F., Jobe, J. B., Leveck, M. D., Marsiske, M., Morris, J. N., Rebok, G. W., Smith, D. M., Tennstedt, S. L., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.18.2271 · Cited by 2,049 · see citing works
Self-citationL'examen psychologique ; Dans les cas d'ence-phalopathie traumatique (Les problemes)
Rey, A. E. (1941) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,703 · see citing works
Applied Mixed Models in Medicine
Brown, H., & Presco, R. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.2000.10485742 · Cited by 1,699 · see citing works
Statistics in Psychology and Education
Garrett, H. E. (1947) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1417743 · Cited by 1,627 · see citing works
Long-term Effects of Cognitive Training on Everyday Functional Outcomes in Older Adults
Willis, S. L., Tennstedt, S. L., Marsiske, M., Ball, K., Elias, J., Koepke, K. M., Morris, J. N., Rebok, G. W., Unverzagt, F. W., Stoddard, A. M., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.23.2805 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
Self-citationHertzog, C., Kramer, A. F., Wilson, R. S., & Lindenberger, U. (2008) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
The hopkins verbal learning test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms
Brandt, J. (1991) · Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854049108403297 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test
la Cour, P., & GALLAGHER, K. (1990) · Nordisk Psykologi · doi:10.1080/00291463.1990.10636996 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
Sarcopenic Obesity Predicts Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disability in the Elderly
Baumgartner, R. N., Wayne, S. J., Waters, D. L., Janssen, I., Gallagher, D., & Morley, J. E. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.250 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Age and visual search: expanding the useful field of view
Ball, K., Beard, B. L., Roenker, D. L., Miller, R. L., & Griggs, D. S. (1988) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.5.002210 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual Processing Impairment and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Among Older Adults
Owsley, C. J. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.14.1083 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Human Functional Neuroimaging of Brain Changes Associated with Practice
Kelly, A. M. C., & Garavan, H. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi005 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Applied Mixed Models in Medicine
Brown, H., & Prescott, R. J. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470023589 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Comprehensive Clinical Assessment in Community Setting: Applicability of the MDS‐HC
Morris, J. N., Fries, B. E., Steel, K., Ikegami, N., Bernabei, R., Carpenter, G., Gilgen, R., Hirdes, J. P., & Topinková, E. (1997) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb02975.x · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual/cognitive correlates of vehicle accidents in older drivers.
Owsley, C. J., Ball, K., Sloane, M. E., Roenker, D. L., & al, E. (1991) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.6.3.403 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Self-citationMinimum Data Set for Home Care
Landi, F., Tua, E., Onder, G., Carrara, B., Sgadari, A., Rinaldi, C., Gambassi, G., Lattanzio, F., & Bernabei, R. (2000) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200012000-00005 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Sloane, P. D., Zimmerman, S. I., Suchindran, C., Reed, P. S., Wang, L., Boustani, M. A., & Sudha, S. (2002) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140525 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Visual/cognitive correlates of vehicle accidents in older drivers.
Owsley, C. J., Ball, K., Sloane, M. E., et al. (1991) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.6.3.403 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Self-citationRoyall, D. R., Lauterbach, E. C., Kaufer, D., Malloy, P. F., Coburn, K. L., & BLACK, K. J. (2007) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2007.19.3.249 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Jobe (2001) · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(01)00139-8 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Structural Brain Alterations following 5 Days of Intervention: Dynamic Aspects of Neuroplasticity
May, A., Hajak, G., Gänßbauer, S., Steffens, T., Langguth, B., Kleinjung, T., & Eichhammer, P. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj138 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Johnson, J. K., Lui, L.-Y., & Yaffe, K. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.10.1134 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Owsley, C. J., Sloane, M. E., McGwin, G., & Ball, K. (2002) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000058360 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationPapp, K. V., Walsh, S. J., & Snyder, P. J. (2008) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2008.10.008 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Developmental Influences on Adult Intelligence
Schaie, K. W. (2005) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195156737.001.0001 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Plasticity of memory for new learning in very old age: A story of major loss?
Singer, T., Lindenberger, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2003) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.306 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The Strategy-Specific Nature of Improvement: The Power Law Applies by Strategy Within Task
Delaney, P. F., Reder, L. M., Staszewski, J. J., & Ritter, F. E. (1998) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00001 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encéphalopathie traumatique. (Les problems.).
Rey, A. (1941) · Cited by 180 · see citing works
APPLIED MIXED MODELS IN MEDICINE, 2ND ED.
Homan, S. M. (2007) · Shock · doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000278487.47934.45 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Predictors of functional status in older people living at home
Béland, F. (1999) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/28.2.153 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Home Care Quality Indicators (HCQIs) Based on the MDS-HC
Hirdes, J. P., Fries, B. E., Morris, J. N., Ikegami, N., Zimmerman, D. R., Dalby, D. M., Aliaga, P., Hammer, S., & Jones, R. N. (2004) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/44.5.665 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationExecutive Decline and Dysfunction Precedes Declines in Memory: The Women's Health and Aging Study II
Carlson, M. C., Xue, Q., Zhou, J., & Fried, L. P. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gln008 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The continuing misinterpretation of the standard error of measurement.
Dudek, F. J. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.335 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Diehl, M. K., Marsiske, M., Horgas, A. L., Rosenberg, A. L., Saczynski, J. S., & Willis, S. L. (2005) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464804273772 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationGerontology : perspectives and issues
Ferraro, K. F., & Wilmoth, J. M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Mobility and transportation in the elderly
Schaie, K. W., & Pietrucha, M. T. (2000) · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Lazaridis, E. N., Rudberg, M. A., Furner, S. E., & Cassel, C. K. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m47 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A three-year follow-up of older adult participants in a memory-skills training program.
Scogin, F. R., & Bienias, J. L. (1988) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.3.4.334 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Measurement in elderly chronic care populations
Teresi, J. A. (1997) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Bias adjustment in analysing longitudinal data with informative missingness
Park, S., Palta, M., Shao, J., & Shen, L. (2001) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.992 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mixed-effect Models for Truncated Longitudinal Outcomes with Nonignorable Missing Data
Gao, S., & Ebaut, R. T. (2021) · Journal of Data Science · doi:10.6339/jds.2009.07(1).418 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [2]Rebok G Cognitive training: influence on neuropsychological and brain function in later life State-of-Science Review: SR:E22 UK Government Foresight Mental Capital and Mental Wellbeing Project 2008 Government Office for Science
- [15]Ekstrom R French J Harman H Kit of Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests (Rev. ed.) 1976 Educational Testing Service Princeton, NJ
- [16]Gonda J Schaie K Schaie-Thurstone Mental Abilities Test: Word Series Test 1985 Consulting Psychologists Press Palo Alto, CA
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6 · Cited by 6,072 · see citing works
Do “brain-training” programs work?
Simons, D. J., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., Gathercole, S. E., Chabris, C. F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2016) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100616661983 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
Karbach, J., & Verhaeghen, P. (2014) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797614548725 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Brain health consequences of digital technology use
Small, G. W., Lee, J., Kaufman, A., Jalil, J., Siddarth, P., Gaddipati, H., Moody, T. D., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2020) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2020.22.2/gsmall · Cited by 396 · see citing works
“Findings showing that mental stimulation and cognitive training improve memory in older adults 43, 44 have led to the development of several memory apps and computer games.”
BackgroundSuccessful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults
Anton, S. D., Woods, A. J., Ashizawa, T., Barb, D., Buford, T. W., Carter, C. S., Clark, D. J., Cohen, R. A., Corbett, D. B., Cruz-Almeida, Y., et al. (2015) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2015.09.005 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationDoes Cognitive Training Prevent Cognitive Decline?: A Systematic Review
Butler, M., McCreedy, E., Nelson, V. A., Desai, P., Ratner, E., Fink, H. A., Hemmy, L. S., McCarten, J. R., Barclay, T. R., Brasure, M., et al. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-1531 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Radd-Vagenas, S., Duffy, S. L., Naismith, S. L., Brew, B. J., Flood, V. M., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2018) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqx070 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Hippocampal plasticity underpins long-term cognitive gains from resistance exercise in MCI
Broadhouse, K. M., Singh, M. F., Suo, C., Gates, N., Wen, W., Brodaty, H., Jain, N., Wilson, G. C., Meiklejohn, J., Singh, N., et al. (2020) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102182 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
and the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Working Group, Smart, C. M., Karr, J. E., Areshenkoff, C. N., Rabin, L. A., Hudon, C., Gates, N., Ali, J. I., Arenaza-Urquijo, E. M., Buckley, R. F., et al. (2017) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-017-9342-8 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The cognitive and academic benefits of Cogmed: A meta-analysis
Aksayli, N. D., Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2019) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2019.04.003 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“It is also theorized that the improvements specific to a particular cognitive domain impact on other non-trained cognitive and real-life skills (Jaeggi, Buschkuehl, Jonides, & Perrig, 2008; Jerrim, Macmillan, Micklewright, Sawtell, & Wiggins, 2016; Libertus et al., 2017; Rebok et al., 2014; Schellenberg, 2004).”
BackgroundHartman, C. A., Geurts, H. M., Franke, B., Buitelaar, J. K., & Rommelse, N. N. J. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.003 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Training versus engagement as paths to cognitive enrichment with aging.
Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Payne, B. R., Roberts, B. W., Kramer, A. F., Morrow, D. G., Payne, L., Hill, P. L., Jackson, J. J., Gao, X., Noh, S. R., et al. (2014) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0038244 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Nissim, N. R., O’Shea, A., Indahlastari, A., Kraft, J. N., von Mering, O., Aksu, S., Porges, E., Cohen, R., & Woods, A. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00340 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Beyond artificial intelligence: exploring artificial wisdom
Jeste, D. V., Graham, S. A., Nguyen, T. T., Depp, C. A., Lee, E. E., & Kim, H.-C. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220000927 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
Buccellato, F. R., D’Anca, M., Tartaglia, G. M., Del Fabbro, M., Scarpini, E., & Galimberti, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241813900 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“…speed of processing training (SPT), significantly delays the onset of clinically defined MCI or dementia across three years, based on the results of a previous study, ACTIVE, where reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years [188].”
ResultGasteiger, N., Ahn, H. S., Lee, C., Lim, J., MacDonald, B. A., Kim, G. H., & Broadbent, E. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction · doi:10.1145/3533726 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Late-life Cognitive Activity and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Bias Analysis
Sajeev, G., Weuve, J., Jackson, J. W., VanderWeele, T. J., Bennett, D. A., Grodstein, F., & Blacker, D. (2016) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000513 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Tetlow, A. M., & Edwards, J. D. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-017-0051-2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The mechanisms of far transfer from cognitive training: Review and hypothesis.
Greenwood, P. M., & Parasuraman, R. (2016) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000235 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sala, G., Aksayli, N. D., Tatlidil, K. S., Gondo, Y., & Gobet, F. (2019) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2019.101386 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Coley, N., Giulioli, C., Aisen, P. S., Vellas, B., & Andrieu, S. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101777 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Leveraging technology to personalize cognitive enhancement methods in aging
Ziegler, D. A., Anguera, J. A., Gallen, C. L., Hsu, W.-Y., Wais, P. E., & Gazzaley, A. (2022) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-022-00237-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Active lifestyles moderate clinical outcomes in autosomal dominant frontotemporal degeneration
Casaletto, K. B., Staffaroni, A. M., Wolf, A., Appleby, B., Brushaber, D., Coppola, G., Dickerson, B., Domoto‐Reilly, K., Elahi, F. M., Fields, J., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Cuenen, A., Jongen, E. M. M., Brijs, T., Brijs, K., Houben, K., & Wets, G. (2016) · Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2016.06.012 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gates, N. J., Rutjes, A. W., Di Nisio, M., Karim, S., Chong, L.-Y., March, E., Martínez, G., & Vernooij, R. W. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012278.pub2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Simon, S. S., Tusch, E. S., Feng, N. C., Håkansson, K., Mohammed, A. H., & Daffner, K. R. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180455 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Jiang, L., Cao, X., Li, T., Tang, Y., Li, W., Wang, J., Chan, R. C., & Li, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00118 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Manning, K. J., & Steffens, D. C. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15353 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Investigating message framing to improve adherence to technology-based cognitive interventions.
Harrell, E. R., Roque, N. A., Boot, W. R., & Charness, N. (2021) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000629 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hardcastle, C., Hausman, H. K., Kraft, J. N., Albizu, A., O’Shea, A., Boutzoukas, E. M., Evangelista, N. D., Langer, K., Van Etten, E. J., Bharadwaj, P. K., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00535-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationBoutzoukas, E. M., O’Shea, A., Kraft, J. N., Hardcastle, C., Evangelista, N. D., Hausman, H. K., Albizu, A., Van Etten, E. J., Bharadwaj, P. K., Smith, S. G., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00538-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationHausman, H. K., Alexander, G. E., Cohen, R., Marsiske, M., DeKosky, S. T., Hishaw, G. A., O'Shea, A., Kraft, J. N., Dai, Y., Wu, S., et al. (2023) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2023.05.021 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationLocke, D. E. C., Chandler Greenaway, M., Duncan, N., Fields, J. A., Cuc, A. V., Hoffman Snyder, C., Hanna, S., Lunde, A., & Smith, G. E. (2014) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2014.27 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rebok, G. W., Ball, K., Guey, L. T., Jones, R. N., Kim, H., King, J. W., Marsiske, M., Morris, J. N., Tennstedt, S. L., Unverzagt, F. W., & Willis, S. L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- New England Research Institutes (US)
- Hebrew SeniorLife (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rebok, George W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-24
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- PMC
- PMC4055506
- OpenAlex
- W2111301169
- Cited by
- 965
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 45
- FWCI
- 67.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Nursing Research to Hebrew Senior Life (U01 NR04507)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (U01NR04508)
- Johns Hopkins University (U01AG14260)
- New England Research Institute (U01 AG14282)
- Pennsylvania State University (U01 AG14263)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (U01 AG14289)
- University of Florida (U01AG14276)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- cognitive training, older adults, long-term follow-up, daily functioning, instrumental activities of daily living, memory training, reasoning training, processing speed, booster training, cognitive decline, ACTIVE trial, self-reported function, retention of training effects, independent living, African American older adults, cognitive aging interventions
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cognition Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Mental Processes, United States, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Single-Blind Method, Independent Living
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
