Lost in Time and Space: States of High Arousal Disrupt Implicit Acquisition of Spatial and Sequential Context Information
Open accessAbstract
Biased cognition during high arousal states is a relevant phenomenon in a variety of topics: from the development of post-traumatic stress disorders or stress-triggered addictive behaviors to forensic considerations regarding crimes of passion. Recent evidence indicates that arousal modulates the engagement of a hippocampus-based ‘cognitive’ system in favor of a striatum-based ‘habit’ system in learning and memory, promoting a switch from flexible, contextualized to more rigid, reflexive responses. Existing findings appear inconsistent, therefore it is unclear whether and which type of context processing is disrupted by enhanced arousal. In this behavioral study, we investigated such arousal-triggered cognitive-state shifts in human subjects. We validated an arousal induction procedure (three experimental conditions: violent scene, erotic scene, neutral control scene) using pupillometry (Preliminary Experiment, n=13) and randomly administered this method to healthy young adults to examine whether high arousal states affect performance in two core domains of contextual processing, the acquisition of spatial (spatial discrimination paradigm; Experiment 1, n=66) and sequence information (learned irrelevance paradigm; Experiment 2, n=84). In both paradigms, spatial location and sequences were encoded incidentally and both displacements when retrieving spatial position as well as the predictability of the target by a cue in sequence learning changed stepwise. Results showed that both implicit spatial and sequence learning were disrupted during high arousal states, regardless of valence. Compared to the control group, participants in the arousal conditions showed impaired discrimination of spatial positions and abolished learning of associative sequences. Furthermore, Bayesian analyses revealed evidence against the null models. In line with recent models of stress effects on cognition, both experiments provide evidence for decreased engagement of flexible, cognitive systems supporting encoding of context information in active cognition during acute arousal, promoting reduced sensitivity for contextual details. We argue that arousal fosters cognitive adaptation towards less demanding, more present-oriented information processing, which prioritizes a current behavioral response set at the cost of contextual cues. This transient state of behavioral perseverance might reduce reliance on context information in unpredictable environments and thus represent an adaptive response in certain situations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
States of high physiological excitement are particularly associated with stress.
“states of high physiological excitement are particularly associated with stress [70, 71].”
From Five studies evaluating the impact on mental health and mood of recalling, reading, and discussing fiction (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
The Introduction (page unavailable) links high arousal to challenging situations and discusses stress alongside increased arousal. It also names panic and sexual excitement as sources of high arousal; it does not establish that high physiological arousal is particularly associated with stress rather than those other states. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
Cognitive maps in rats and men
Tolman, E. C. (1948) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0061626 · Cited by 6,641 · see citing works
Detection Theory: A User's Guide
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1991) · Cited by 5,415 · see citing works
Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709 · Cited by 4,472 · see citing works
Leys, C., Ley, C., Klein, O., Bernard, P., & Licata, L. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.013 · Cited by 4,147 · see citing works
Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia.
Snodgrass, J. G., & Corwin, J. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.117.1.34 · Cited by 3,093 · see citing works
Calculation of signal detection theory measures
Harold Stanislaw, A., & Todorov, N. (1999) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03207704 · Cited by 3,087 · see citing works
Squire, L. R., Stark, C. E. L., & Clark, R. E. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144130 · Cited by 2,680 · see citing works
Berridge, C. W., & Waterhouse, B. D. (2003) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(03)00143-7 · Cited by 2,529 · see citing works
The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation
Bradley, M. M., Miccoli, L., Escrig, M. A., & Lang, P. J. (2008) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00654.x · Cited by 1,919 · see citing works
Bayesian Cognitive Modeling: A Practical Course
Lee, M. D., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2014) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139087759 · Cited by 1,795 · see citing works
Stress, memory and the amygdala
Roozendaal, B., McEwen, B. S., & Chattarji, S. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2651 · Cited by 1,760 · see citing works
Principles of Behavior. An Introduction to Behavior Theory
N., E., & Hull, C. L. (1943) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2019960 · Cited by 1,731 · see citing works
Learning and Memory Functions of the Basal Ganglia
Packard, M. G., & Knowlton, B. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142937 · Cited by 1,717 · see citing works
Bar, M. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1476 · Cited by 1,613 · see citing works
Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder
Pitman, R. K., Rasmusson, A. M., Koenen, K. C., Shin, L. M., Orr, S. P., Gilbertson, M. W., Milad, M. R., & Liberzon, I. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3339 · Cited by 1,529 · see citing works
Joëls, M., & Baram, T. Z. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2632 · Cited by 1,521 · see citing works
Joshi, S., Li, Y., Kalwani, R. M., & Gold, J. I. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.028 · Cited by 1,387 · see citing works
Two cortical systems for memory-guided behaviour
Ranganath, C., & Ritchey, M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3338 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
(2013) · Cited by 1,351 · see citing works
Orienting and reorienting: the locus coeruleus mediates cognition through arousal
Sara, S. J., & Bouret, S. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.011 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Tuning arousal with optogenetic modulation of locus coeruleus neurons
Carter, M. E., Yizhar, O., Chikahisa, S., Nguyen, H., Adamantidis, A., Nishino, S., Deisseroth, K., & de Lecea, L. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2682 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Learning under stress: how does it work?
Joëls, M., Pu, Z., Wiegert, O., Oitzl, M. S., & Krugers, H. J. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.002 · Cited by 947 · see citing works
Corrections for extreme proportions and their biasing effects on estimated values ofd′
Hautus, M. J. (1995) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03203619 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Dynamic adaptation of large-scale brain networks in response to acute stressors
Hermans, E. J., Henckens, M. J. A. G., Joëls, M., & Fernández, G. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.03.006 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
Arousal-Biased Competition in Perception and Memory
Mather, M., & Sutherland, M. R. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691611400234 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Competition among multiple memory systems: converging evidence from animal and human brain studies
Poldrack, R. A., & Packard, M. G. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00157-4 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Pupil diameter covaries with BOLD activity in human locus coeruleus
Murphy, P. R., O'Connell, R. G., O'Sullivan, M., Robertson, I. H., & Balsters, J. H. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22466 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Shields, G. S., Sazma, M. A., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.038 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Précis of Elements of episodic memory
Tulving, E. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0004440x · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Network reset: a simplified overarching theory of locus coeruleus noradrenaline function
Bouret, S., & Sara, S. J. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.09.002 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Diamond, D. M., Campbell, A. M., Park, C. R., Halonen, J., & Zoladz, P. R. (2007) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2007/60803 · Cited by 762 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We implemented the arousal elicitation method between practice and testing, therefore the arousing encounter can be considered as part of the task context (Joëls et al., 2006; Diamond et al., 2007).”
MethodHPA axis activation by a socially evaluated cold-pressor test
Schwabe, L., Haddad, L., & Schächinger, H. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.001 · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Hippocampal–prefrontal input supports spatial encoding in working memory
Spellman, T., Rigotti, M., Ahmari, S. E., Fusi, S., Gogos, J. A., & Gordon, J. A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14445 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Qin, S., Hermans, E. J., van Marle, H. J. F., Luo, J., & Fernández, G. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.03.006 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Stress-related noradrenergic activity prompts large-scale neural network reconfiguration
Hermans, E. J., van Marle, H. J. F., Ossewaarde, L., Henckens, M. J. A. G., Qin, S., van Kesteren, M. T. R., Schoots, V. C., Cousijn, H., Rijpkema, M., Oostenveld, R., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1209603 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der "Positive and Negative Affect Schedule" (PANAS).
Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C., & Tausch, A. (1996) · Diagnostica · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Pruessner, J. C., Dedovic, K., Khalili-Mahani, N., Engert, V., Pruessner, M., Buss, C., Renwick, R., Dagher, A., Meaney, M. J., & Lupien, S. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.041 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Memory deficits for implicit contextual information in amnesic subjects with hippocampal damage
Chun, M. M., & Phelps, E. A. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/12222 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Anterior hippocampus: the anatomy of perception, imagination and episodic memory
Zeidman, P., & Maguire, E. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.24 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Arnsten, A. F. T., Wang, M. J., & Paspalas, C. D. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.038 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Hippocampal “Time Cells”: Time versus Path Integration
Kraus, B. J., Robinson, R. J., White, J. A., Eichenbaum, H., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.015 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Implicit learning as an ability
Kaufman, S. B., DeYoung, C. G., Gray, J. R., Jiménez, L., Brown, J., & Mackintosh, N. J. (2010) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.011 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Stress, glucocorticoids and memory: implications for treating fear-related disorders
de Quervain, D., Schwabe, L., & Roozendaal, B. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.155 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Psychosocial stress induces working memory impairments in an n-back paradigm.
Schoofs, D., Preuß, D., & Wolf, O. T. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.02.004 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Smooth muscle cell calcium activation mechanisms
Berridge, M. J. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.160440 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Stress and emotional memory: a matter of timing
Joëls, M., Fernández, G., & Roozendaal, B. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.04.004 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Conscious and Unconscious Memory Systems
Squire, L. R., & Dede, A. J. O. (2015) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021667 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Implicit Perceptual Anticipation Triggered by Statistical Learning
Turk‐Browne, N. B., Scholl, B. J., Johnson, M. K., & Chun, M. M. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0858-10.2010 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Locus coeruleus activity in monkey: Phasic and tonic changes are associated with altered vigilance
Rajkowski, J., Kubiak, P., & Aston‐Jones, G. (1994) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90175-9 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Stress and multiple memory systems: from ‘thinking’ to ‘doing’
Schwabe, L., & Wolf, O. T. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.12.001 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Hippocampal Activity Patterns Carry Information about Objects in Temporal Context
Hsieh, L., Gruber, M. J., Jenkins, L. J., & Ranganath, C. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.015 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Yonelinas, A. P. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.030 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
How the hippocampus preserves order: the role of prediction and context
Davachi, L., & DuBrow, S. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.12.004 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Luethi, M. (2008) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.08.005.2008 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
The Necessity of the Medial Temporal Lobe for Statistical Learning
Schapiro, A. C., Gregory, E., Landau, B., McCloskey, M. E., & Turk‐Browne, N. B. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00578 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Kensinger, E. A., Garoff-Eaton, R. J., & Schacter, D. L. (2006) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.05.004 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Stress modulates the use of spatial versus stimulus-response learning strategies in humansPreprint
Schwabe, L., Oitzl, M. S., Philippsen, C., Richter, S., Böhringer, A., Wippich, W., & Schächinger, H. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.435807 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Stressed Memories: How Acute Stress Affects Memory Formation in Humans
Henckens, M. J. A. G., Hermans, E. J., Pu, Z., Joëls, M., & Fernández, G. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1184-09.2009 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Medial Temporal Lobe Activity Predicts Successful Relational Memory Binding
Hannula, D. E., & Ranganath, C. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3086-07.2008 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Harmon-Jones, E., Gable, P. A., & Price, T. F. (2013) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721413481353 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Mind the Gap: Binding Experiences across Space and Time in the Human Hippocampus
Staresina, B. P., & Davachi, L. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.024 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Schoofs, D., Wolf, O. T., & Smeets, T. (2009) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/a0016980 · Cited by 269 · cited 1× · see citing works
“With a focus on cognitive functioning, stress hijacks active cognition by impairing working memory (Schoofs et al., 2008, 2009; Luethi et al., 2009; Qin et al., 2009), cognitive flexibility (Plessow et al., 2011, 2012; Shields et al., 2016b) and cognitive inhibition (Mahoney et al., 2007; Sänger et…”
BackgroundClinical applications of neuropsychological assessment.
Harvey, P. D. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.1/pharvey · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Lissek, S., Pine, D. S., & Grillon, C. (2006) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.11.004 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Plessow, F., Fischer, R., Kirschbaum, C., & Goschke, T. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00024 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Acute stress and episodic memory retrieval: neurobiological mechanisms and behavioral consequences
Gagnon, S. A., & Wagner, A. D. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12996 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The influence of acute stress on attention mechanisms and its electrophysiological correlates
Sänger, J., Bechtold, L., Schoofs, D., Blaszkewicz, M., & Wascher, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00353 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Internally generated sequences in learning and executing goal-directed behavior
Pezzulo, G., van der Meer, M. A. A., Lansink, C. S., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.06.011 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Acheson, D., Gresack, J., & Risbrough, V. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.029 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Factors that influence the relative use of multiple memory systems
Packard, M. G., & Goodman, J. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22178 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Stress Modulates the Engagement of Multiple Memory Systems in Classification Learning
Schwabe, L., & Wolf, O. T. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1484-12.2012 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Herrero, A. I., Sandi, C., & Venero, C. (2006) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2006.02.001 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
A Facilitative Role for Corticosterone in the Acquisition of a Spatial Task Under Moderate StressPreprint
Akirav, I., Kozenicky, M., Tal, D., Sandi, C., Venero, C., & Richter‐Levin, G. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.61704 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
The effects of experimentally induced stress on false recognition
Payne, J. D., Nadel, L., Allen, J. J. B., Thomas, K. G. F., & Jacobs, W. J. (2002) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210143000119 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Locus Coeruleus in time with the making of memories
Sara, S. J. (2015) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2015.07.004 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Eliciting positive, negative and mixed emotional states: A film library for affective scientists
Samson, A. C., Kreibig, S. D., Soderstrom, B., Wade, A. A., & Gross, J. J. (2016) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1031089 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The hippocampus, time, and memory across scales.
Howard, M. W., & Eichenbaum, H. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0033621 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Differential activation of hippocampus and amygdala following spatial learning under stress
Akirav, I., Sandi, C., & Richter‐Levin, G. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01687.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Working memory performance after acute exposure to the cold pressor stress in healthy volunteers
Dunčko, R., Johnson, L. L., Merikangas, K. R., & Grillon, C. (2009) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.01.006 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Devan, B. D., Hong, N. S., & McDonald, R. J. (2011) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.06.002 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Ratings for emotion film clips
Gabert‐Quillen, C. A., Bartolini, E., Abravanel, B. T., & Sanislow, C. A. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-014-0500-0 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Tyrosine supplementation mitigates working memory decrements during cold exposure
Mahoney, C. R., Castellani, J., Kramer, F. M., Young, A., & Lieberman, H. R. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.003 · Cited by 128 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…2009; Luethi et al., 2009; Qin et al., 2009), cognitive flexibility (Plessow et al., 2011, 2012; Shields et al., 2016b) and cognitive inhibition (Mahoney et al., 2007; Sänger et al., 2014), but simultaneously enhances behavioral control in terms of response inhibition (Schwabe et al., 2013;…”
BackgroundDunčko, R., Cornwell, B., Cui, L., Merikangas, K. R., & Grillon, C. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.483807 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Parallel processing across neural systems: Implications for a multiple memory system hypothesis
Mizumori, S. J. Y., Yeshenko, O., Gill, K. M., & Davis, D. M. (2004) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2004.07.007 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Hou, R. H., Freeman, C., Langley, R. W., Szabadi, E., & Bradshaw, C. M. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0013-8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Dissociating hippocampal and striatal contributions to sequential prediction learning
Bornstein, A. M., & Daw, N. D. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07920.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Emotion Strengthens High-Priority Memory Traces but Weakens Low-Priority Memory Traces
Sakaki, M., Fryer, K., & Mather, M. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613504784 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Arousal-related adjustments of perceptual biases optimize perception in dynamic environments
Krishnamurthy, K., Nassar, M. R., Sarode, S., & Gold, J. I. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0107 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Cabral, H., Vinck, M. A., Fouquet, C., Pennartz, C. M. A., Rondi‐Reig, L., & Battaglia, F. P. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.11.010 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Memory under stress: from single systems to network changes
Schwabe, L. (2016) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13478 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Olver, J. S., Pinney, M., Maruff, P., & Norman, T. R. (2015) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2533 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Lieberman, H. R., Farina, E. K., Caldwell, J. A., Williams, K. W., Thompson, L., Niro, P. J., Grohmann, K., & McClung, J. P. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.037 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Rajah, M. N., Languay, R., & Valiquette, L. (2009) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.07.006 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Gilman, T. L., Shaheen, R., Nylocks, K. M., Halachoff, D. J., Chapman, J., Flynn, J. J., Matt, L. M., & Coifman, K. G. (2017) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-016-0842-x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Stress-induced enhancement of response inhibition depends on mineralocorticoid receptor activation
Schwabe, L., Höffken, O., Tegenthoff, M., & Wolf, O. T. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.001 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Use and interaction of navigation strategies in regionalized environments
Wiener, J. M., Schnee, A., & Mallot, H. A. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.09.006 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Emotional arousal and multiple memory systems in the mammalian brain
Packard, M., & Goodman, J. (2012) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00014 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Shining light on wakefulness and arousal
de Lecea, L., Carter, M. E., & Adamantidis, A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.01.032 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Disentangling the Effects of Arousal and Valence on Memory for Intrinsic Details
Mather, M., & Sutherland, M. (2009) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073908100435 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Gamo, N. J., Lur, G., Higley, M. J., Wang, M., Paspalas, C. D., Vijayraghavan, S., Yang, Y., Ramos, B. P., Peng, K., Kata, A., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.009 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Plessow, F., Schade, S., Kirschbaum, C., & Fischer, R. (2012) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-012-0098-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Stress disrupts context-dependent memoryPreprint
Schwabe, L., Böhringer, A., & Wolf, O. T. (2009) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1257509 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Acute stress impairs cognitive flexibility in men, not women
Shields, G. S., Trainor, B. C., Lam, J. C., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2016) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2016.1192603 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Green, J. T., & Woodruff‐Pak, D. S. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.1.138 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Qin, S., Hermans, E. J., van Marle, H. J. F., & Fernández, G. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3101-11.2012 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Stress and the engagement of multiple memory systems: Integration of animal and human studies
Schwabe, L. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22175 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Rajah, M. N., Kromas, M., Han, J. E., & Pruessner, J. C. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.10.010 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The retrieval of learned sequences engages the hippocampus: Evidence from fMRI
Ross, R. S., Brown, T. I., & Stern, C. E. (2009) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20558 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Vogel, S., Klumpers, F., Krugers, H. J., Fang, Z., Oplaat, K. T., Oitzl, M. S., Joëls, M., & Fernández, G. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.271 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Vogel, S., Klumpers, F., Schröder, T. N., Oplaat, K. T., Krugers, H. J., Oitzl, M. S., Joëls, M., Doeller, C. F., & Fernández, G. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.262 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Dynamically changing effects of corticosteroids on human hippocampal and prefrontal processing
Henckens, M. J. A. G., Pu, Z., Hermans, E. J., van Wingen, G. A., Joëls, M., & Fernández, G. (2012) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21409 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Reagh, Z. M., Roberts, J. M., Ly, M. J., DiProspero, N. D., Murray, E., & Yassa, M. A. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22224 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Building a Clinically Relevant Cognitive Task: Case Study of the AX Paradigm
MacDonald, A. W. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn038 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Generalized CNS arousal: An elementary force within the vertebrate nervous system
Calderon, D. P., Kilinc, M., Maritan, A., Banavar, J. R., & Pfaff, D. W. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.014 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Persistence of threat-induced errors in police officers' shooting decisions
Nieuwenhuys, A., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & Oudejans, R. R. D. (2015) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2014.12.006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Spatial context learning survives interference from working memory load.
Vickery, T. J., Sussman, R. S., & Jiang, Y. V. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/a0020558 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Phasic deactivation of the medial temporal lobe enables working memory processing under stress
Cousijn, H., Rijpkema, M., Qin, S., van Wingen, G. A., & Fernández, G. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.027 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Mattfeld, A. T., & Stark, C. E. L. (2015) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22411 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A theoretical framework for CNS arousal
Pfaff, D. W., & Banavar, J. R. (2007) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20611 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Shimamura, A. P., & Wickens, T. D. (2009) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0014500 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
McDonald, R. J., Ko, C. H., & Hong, N. S. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00104-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Pedrotti, M., Lei, S., Dzaack, J., & Rötting, M. (2011) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-010-0055-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Deciding what is possible and impossible following hippocampal damage in humans
McCormick, C., Rosenthal, C. R., Miller, T. D., & Maguire, E. A. (2016) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22694 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Brunyé, T. T., Wood, M. D., Houck, L. A., & Taylor, H. A. (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1187637 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
A Stress-Induced Shift From Trace to Delay Conditioning Depends on the Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Vogel, S., Klumpers, F., Kroes, M. C. W., Oplaat, K. T., Krugers, H. J., Oitzl, M. S., Joëls, M., & Fernández, G. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
McDonald, R. J., King, A. L., Wasiak, T. D., Zelinski, E. L., & Hong, N. S. (2007) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20333 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
van Gerven, D., Ferguson, T. D., & Skelton, R. W. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.05.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Comparison of two isometric handgrip protocols on sympathetic arousal in women
Nielsen, S. E., & Mather, M. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.01.031 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cortisol awakening response and spatial working memory in man: a U‐shaped relationship
Moriarty, A. S., Bradley, A. J., Anderson, K. N., Watson, S., Gallagher, P., & McAllister-Williams, H. (2014) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2399 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Alerting enhances attentional bias for salient stimuli: Evidence from a global/local processing task
Weinbach, N., & Henik, A. (2014) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2014.07.005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Moustafa, A. A., Wufong, E., Servatius, R. J., Pang, K. C. H., Gluck, M. A., & Myers, C. E. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.020 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Killer decisions: The role of cognition, affect and ‘expertise’ in homicide
Brookman, F. (2014) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.12.007 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sympathetic arousal increases a negative memory bias in young women with low sex hormone levels
Nielsen, S. E., Barber, S. J., Chai, A. L., Clewett, D., & Mather, M. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Can arousal modulate response inhibition?
Weinbach, N., Kalanthroff, E., Avnit, A., & Henik, A. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000118 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
GANEing traction: The broad applicability of NE hotspots to diverse cognitive and arousal phenomena
Mather, M., Clewett, D., Sakaki, M., & Harley, C. W. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x16000017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Increased stress responsivity in schizotypy leads to diminished spatial working memory performance.
Smith, N. T., & Lenzenweger, M. F. (2012) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000014 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Esfahani-Bayerl, N., Finke, C., Braun, M., Düzel, E., Heekeren, H. R., Holtkamp, M., Hasper, D., Storm, C., & Ploner, C. J. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.024 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rajah, M. N., Crane, D., Maillet, D., & Floden, D. P. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Eyeblink conditional discrimination learning in healthy young men is impaired after stress exposure
Wolf, O. T., Bauser, D. A. S., & Daum, I. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01294.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Maran, T. K., Sachse, P., & Furtner, M. R. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01297 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationOrosz, A., Feldon, J., Simon, A. E., Hilti, L. M., Gruber, K., Yee, B. K., & Cattapan-Ludewig, K. (2010) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp165 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Marshall, A. C., Cooper, N. R., & Geeraert, N. (2015) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22525 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Arnsten, A. F. T., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.4.362 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Maran, T. K., Sachse, P., Martini, M., & Furtner, M. R. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.023 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Zugal S. Pinggera J. Neurauter M. Maran T. Weber B. (2017). Technical Report: Cheetah Experimental Platform Web 1.0: Cleaning Pupillary Data. Available online at: http://arxiv.org/abs/1703.09468. [Accessed on May 19, 2017] · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Grafe, L. A., & Bhatnagar, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.06.003 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Carney, J., & Robertson, C. (2022) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266323 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pupil-based States of Brain Integration across Cognitive States
Mäki-Marttunen, V. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.016 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bonnelle, V., Feilding, A., Rosas, F. E., Nutt, D. J., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Timmermann, C. (2024) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811241276788 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Emotional arousal lingers in time to bind discrete episodes in memory
Clewett, D., & McClay, M. (2024) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2023.2295853 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Different underlying mechanisms for high and low arousal in probabilistic learning in humans
Ciria, L. F., Suárez‐Pinilla, M., Williams, A. G., Jagannathan, S. R., Sanabria, D., & Bekinschtein, T. A. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.07.002 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
EEG and peripheral markers of viewer ratings: a study of short films
Kosonogov, V., Shelepenkov, D., & Rudenkiy, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1148205 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cardiovascular reactivity during sadness induction predicts inhibitory control performance
Hoffmann, A., Ellmerer, P., Maran, T. K., & Sachse, P. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113869 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence mechanism of emotion on intuitive and analytical processing
Shuqi, Y., Junting, Y., Li, Z., & Junlong, L. (2023) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.00736 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Emotional arousal lingers across time to bind discrete episodes in memoryPreprint
Clewett, D., & McClay, M. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ne5vs · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Fennis, B. M., Gineikienė, J., Barauskaitė, D., & van Koningsbruggen, G. M. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111261 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Testing the saliency-based account of phasic alertness
Han, T., & Proctor, R. W. (2023) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-023-02292-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
MacCormack, J. K., Armstrong‐Carter, E., Humphreys, K. L., & Muscatell, K. A. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab047 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pino, O., & Romano, G. (2022) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v93i3.13145 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
‘Titrating’ simulation training intensity
Mileder, L. P. (2018) · The Clinical Teacher · doi:10.1111/tct.12949 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A psychophysiological investigation of mourning: There are two sides to the story
Hoffmann, A., Maran, T. K., Grünbaum, T., Liegl, S., Lobis, U., & Sachse, P. (2022) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-022-09928-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of vigilance-related arousal on brain dynamics: Potentials of new approaches
Mäki-Marttunen, V. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119963 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dynamic arousal signals construct memories of time and eventsPreprint
Clewett, D., Gasser, C., & Davachi, L. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/765214 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Groote, C. D., Tison, P., Bertin, S., Cottencin, O., & Nandrino, J. (2024) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000541804 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kapil, M., & Hadwin, A. F. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1714552 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Effect of Arousal Level on Executive Function and Its Regulatory Mechanism
李, 琴. (2023) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2023.133096 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trauma, adversity, the brain, & the body
Cox, L. J., & Marsh, A. N. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818954-2.00032-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Limitaciones en el análisis de inteligencia desde la perspectiva del estrés psicológico
Díaz, L. Á. (2019) · Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional · doi:10.18847/1.10.6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Trauma & externalizing behaviors
Cox, L. J., & Marsh, A. N. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818954-2.00025-0
Solares, L., Garcés-Arilla, S., Méndez, M., & Méndez-López, M. (2026) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-026-01463-9
- Authors
- Maran, T., Sachse, P., Martini, M., Weber, B., Pinggera, J., Zuggal, S., & Furtner, M.
- Affiliations
- Universität Innsbruck (AT)
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- University of Liechtenstein (LI)
- Corresponding author
- Maran, Thomas
- Venue
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2017-11-09
- Volume
- 11
- Pages
- 206-206
- ISSN
- 1662-5153 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5684831
- OpenAlex
- W2767586204
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Austrian Science Fund (P 26609-N15)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- stress effects on cognition, implicit learning, spatial learning, sequence learning, contextual processing, pupillometry, spatial discrimination, Bayesian analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
