Conscious and Unconscious Memory Systems
Open accessAbstract
The idea that memory is not a single mental faculty has a long and interesting history but became a topic of experimental and biologic inquiry only in the mid-20th century. It is now clear that there are different kinds of memory, which are supported by different brain systems. One major distinction can be drawn between working memory and long-term memory. Long-term memory can be separated into declarative (explicit) memory and a collection of nondeclarative (implicit) forms of memory that include habits, skills, priming, and simple forms of conditioning. These memory systems depend variously on the hippocampus and related structures in the parahippocampal gyrus, as well as on the amygdala, the striatum, cerebellum, and the neocortex. This work recounts the discovery of declarative and nondeclarative memory and then describes the nature of declarative memory, working memory, nondeclarative memory, and the relationship between memory systems.
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Memory is not a unitary phenomenon but involves a number of somewhat independent processes.
“It is important to note that memory is not a unitary phenomenon, but instead involves a number of somewhat independent processes [7].”
From Cognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Squire, L. R., & Dede, A. J. O.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- a021667
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4355270
- OpenAlex
- W2150596589
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 152
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- memory systems, working memory, long-term memory, declarative memory, implicit memory, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, striatum, cerebellum, neocortex, priming, conditioning, habit, skill acquisition, history of memory research
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Consciousness, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Neurological, Unconscious, Psychology, Memory, Long-Term
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