The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Host Metabolism Through the Regulation of Gut Hormone Release

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest

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Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome

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Human gut microbes associated with obesity

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A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins

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From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites

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Metabolic Endotoxemia Initiates Obesity and Insulin Resistance

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Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation.

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Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers

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Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism

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Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice

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Biology of Incretins: GLP-1 and GIP

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Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis

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The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1

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Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Colonic Function: Roles of Resistant Starch and Nonstarch Polysaccharides

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Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome

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A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility

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Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2

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Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity

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Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota

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Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 7–36: a physiological incretin in man

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Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10-/- mice

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Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system

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Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug

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Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity

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Inhibition of Food Intake in Obese Subjects by Peptide YY 3–36

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Butyrate and Propionate Protect against Diet-Induced Obesity and Regulate Gut Hormones via Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3-Independent Mechanisms

Lin, H. V., Frassetto, A., Kowalik Jr, E. J., Nawrocki, A. R., Lu, M. M., Kosinski, J. R., Hubert, J. A., Szeto, D., Yao, X., Forrest, G., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035240 · Cited by 1,378

Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short-chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells

Reigstad, C. S., Salmonson, C. E., III, J. F. R., Szurszewski, J. H., Linden, D. R., Sonnenburg, J. L., Farrugia, G., & Kashyap, P. C. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-259598 · Cited by 1,335

Pattern Recognition Receptors

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Functional and comparative metagenomic analysis of bile salt hydrolase activity in the human gut microbiome

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Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota

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Stool consistency is strongly associated with gut microbiota richness and composition, enterotypes and bacterial growth rates

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The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity

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From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways

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Enterochromaffin cells are gut chemosensors that couple to sensory neural pathways

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The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents

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Obesity and infection

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US immigration westernizes the human gut microbiome

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Insights into the role of the microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes

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Critical role for peptide YY in protein-mediated satiation and body-weight regulation

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Inhibition of histone-deacetylase activity by short-chain fatty acids and some polyphenol metabolites formed in the colon

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Increased Gut Permeability and Microbiota Change Associate with Mesenteric Fat Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

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Impact of oral vancomycin on gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity

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Microbiota Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Promote Histone Crotonylation in the Colon Through Histone Deacetylases

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Attenuated Peptide YY Release in Obese Subjects Is Associated with Reduced Satiety

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Bacterial metabolite indole modulates incretin secretion from intestinal enteroendocrine L cells

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Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion alters metabolic homeostasis by affecting gut signaling and colonic metabolism

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Defective amplification of the late phase insulin response to glucose by GIP in obese Type II diabetic patients

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Inhibiting peripheral serotonin synthesis reduces obesity and metabolic dysfunction by promoting brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

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Evidence that TLR4 Is Not a Receptor for Saturated Fatty Acids but Mediates Lipid-Induced Inflammation by Reprogramming Macrophage Metabolism

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SCFAs strongly stimulate PYY production in human enteroendocrine cells

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Colonic transit time is related to bacterial metabolism and mucosal turnover in the gut

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Bacterial Community Mapping of the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract

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Role of the Microbiome in Energy Regulation and Metabolism

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Microbiota depletion promotes browning of white adipose tissue and reduces obesity

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Two molecular forms of Peptide YY (PYY) are abundant in human blood: characterization of a radioimmunoassay recognizing PYY 1–36 and PYY 3–36

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Gastrointestinal Transit Time, Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Health: Modulation by Dietary Fibers

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The human gut microbiota and virome: Potential therapeutic implications

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Regulation of energy homeostasis by the NPY system

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A Specific Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis of Type 2 Diabetic Mice Induces GLP-1 Resistance through an Enteric NO-Dependent and Gut-Brain Axis Mechanism

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Dietary non-digestible carbohydrates promote L-cell differentiation in the proximal colon of rats

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Cholecystokinin inhibits gastric motility and emptying via a capsaicin-sensitive vagal pathway in rats

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Osteoblast-Derived Cells Express Functional Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Receptors1

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Gastrointestinal mechanisms of satiation for food

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The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice

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The diverse metabolic roles of peripheral serotonin

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Fermentable carbohydrate stimulates FFAR2-dependent colonic PYY cell expansion to increase satiety

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The gut as the largest endocrine organ in the body

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Enterochromaffin 5-HT cells – A major target for GLP-1 and gut microbial metabolites

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Farnesoid X receptor induces Takeda G-protein receptor 5 cross-talk to regulate bile acid synthesis and hepatic metabolism

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Efficacy of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and DPP-4 Inhibitors: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

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Enteroendocrine L Cells Sense LPS after Gut Barrier Injury to Enhance GLP-1 Secretion

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Functional GIP Receptors Are Present on Adipocytes

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First Insights into the Diverse Human Archaeome: Specific Detection of Archaea in the Gastrointestinal Tract, Lung, and Nose and on Skin

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The Role of Gut Adaptation in the Potent Effects of Multiple Bariatric Surgeries on Obesity and Diabetes

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Functional Gut Microbiota Remodeling Contributes to the Caloric Restriction-Induced Metabolic Improvements

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Gut microbiota and energy balance: role in obesity

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Bile acids are important direct and indirect regulators of the secretion of appetite- and metabolism-regulating hormones from the gut and pancreas

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Gut-Derived Serotonin Is a Multifunctional Determinant to Fasting Adaptation

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Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges

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Diet drives quick changes in the metabolic activity and composition of human gut microbiota in a validated in vitro gut model

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Increased oral detection, but decreased intestinal signaling for fats in mice lacking gut microbiota

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Cholecystokinin

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Metformin-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion Contributes to the Actions of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes

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Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid (HCA) Receptors

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