Insights into the role of the microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise at an alarming pace. Recently the potential role of the gut microbiome in these metabolic disorders has been identified. Obesity is associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the obese microbiome seems to be more efficient in harvesting energy from the diet. Lean male donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in males with metabolic syndrome resulted in a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in conjunction with an increased intestinal microbial diversity, including a distinct increase in butyrate-producing bacterial strains. Such differences in gut microbiota composition might function as early diagnostic markers for the development of T2DM in high-risk patients. Products of intestinal microbes such as butyrate may induce beneficial metabolic effects through enhancement of mitochondrial activity, prevention of metabolic endotoxemia, and activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis via different routes of gene expression and hormone regulation. Future research should focus on whether bacterial products (like butyrate) have the same effects as the intestinal bacteria that produce it, in order to ultimately pave the way for more successful interventions for obesity and T2DM. The rapid development of the currently available techniques, including use of fecal transplantations, has already shown promising results, so there is hope for novel therapies based on the microbiota in the future.
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- Authors
- Hartstra, A. V., Bouter, K. E. C., Bäckhed, F., & Nieuwdorp, M.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Nieuwdorp, Max
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2014-12-13
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-165
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2027946048
- Cited by
- 641
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 29
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Västra Götalandsregionen
- Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
- Hjärt-Lungfonden
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Novo Nordisk
- Stockholms Läns Landsting
- Vetenskapsrådet
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (615362)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, obesity, type 2 diabetes, fecal microbiota transplantation, butyrate, metabolic endotoxemia, insulin sensitivity, metabolic syndrome, microbial diversity, diagnostic biomarkers, mitochondrial activity, intestinal gluconeogenesis, microbial metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Feces, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Intestines, Male, Obesity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Endotoxemia, Metabolic Syndrome, Microbiota
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