CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 194

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Apolipoproteins in the brain: implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders

Elliott, David A, Weickert, Cyndi Shannon, Garner, Brett·2010·Clinical Lipidology
DOI 10.2217/clp.10.37PMC PMC3058497
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2217/clp.10.37

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • ApoE is the only lipoprotein-competent apolipoprotein expressed in the brain, where it is secreted primarily by astrocytes.

    “Apolipoprotein E (apoE), the protein encoded by the APOE gene, is the only lipoprotein-competent apolipoprotein expressed in the brain, where it is secreted primarily by astrocytes [11, 12].”

    From Inhibition of ACAT as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease Is Independent of ApoE4 Lipidation (2023) · cites this paper as [11]

    The ApoE section supports astrocytes as the primary source of brain ApoE. But the “Unique features of CNS lipid/cholesterol & apolipoprotein metabolism” section describes ApoJ-containing lipoprotein particles and identifies astrocytes as a major source of both ApoJ and ApoE in the CSF; the ApoJ/clusterin section also says ApoJ is produced in the brain. Thus the paper contradicts the claim that ApoE is the only lipoprotein-competent apolipoprotein expressed there. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 220

  1. Gaubatz JW, Heideman C, Gotto AM Jr, Morrisett JD, Dahlen GH: Human plasma lipoprotein [a]. Structural properties. J. Biol. Chem. 258(7), 4582–4589 (1983). · DOI
  2. Weech PK, Provost P, Tremblay NM et al.: Apolipoprotein D – an atypical apolipoprotein. Prog. Lipid Res. 30(2–3), 259–266 (1991). · DOI
  3. Eichinger A, Nasreen A, Kim HJ, Skerra A: Structural insight into the dual ligand specificity and mode of high density lipoprotein association of apolipoprotein D.J. Biol. Chem. 282(42), 31068–31075 (2007). · DOI
  4. Ben Gedalya T, Loeb V, Israeli E, Altschuler Y, Selkoe DJ, Sharon R: a-synuclein and polyunsaturated fatty acids promote clathrinmediated endocytosis and synaptic vesicle recycling. Traffic. 10(2), 218–234 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  5. Kwon HJ, Abi-Mosleh L, Wang ML et al.: Structure of N-terminal domain of NPC1 reveals distinct subdomains for binding and transfer of cholesterol. Cell 137(7), 1213–1224 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  6. Weickert CS, Elashoff M, Richards AB et al.: Transcriptome analysis of male–female differences in prefrontal cortical development.Mol. Psychiatry 14(6), 558–561 (2009). · DOI
  7. Harris LW, Lockstone HE, Khaitovich P, Weickert CS, Webster MJ, Bahn S: Gene expression in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence: implications for the onset of schizophrenia. BMC Med. Genomics 2, 28 (2009). · DOI
  8. Kim WS, Wong J, Weickert CS, Webster MJ, Bahn S, Garner B: Apolipoprotein-D expression is increased during development and maturation of the human prefrontal cortex. J. Neurochem. 109(4), 1053–1066 (2009). · DOI
  9. Charnay Y, Imhof A, Vallet PG et al.: Clusterin expression during fetal and postnatal CNS development in mouse.Neuroscience 155(3), 714–724 (2008). · DOI
  10. Li WH, Tanimura M, Luo CC, Datta S, Chan L: The apolipoprotein multigene family: biosynthesis, structure, structure–function relationships, and evolution. J. Lipid Res. 29(3), 245–271 (1988). · DOI
  11. Hoofnagle AN, Heinecke JW: Lipoproteomics: using mass spectrometrybased proteomics to explore the assembly, structure, and function of lipoproteins.J. Lipid Res. 50(10), 1967–1975 (2009). · DOI
  12. Beffert U, Stolt PC, Herz J: Functions of lipoprotein receptors in neurons. J. Lipid Res. 45(3), 403–409 (2004). · DOI
  13. Qiu S, Korwek KM, Weeber EJ: A fresh look at an ancient receptor family: emerging roles for low density lipoprotein receptors in synaptic plasticity and memory formation.Neurobiol. Learn Mem. 85(1), 16–29 (2006). · DOI
  14. Li Y, Cam J, Bu G: Low-density lipoprotein receptor family: endocytosis and signal transduction. Mol. Neurobiol. 23(1), 53–67 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  15. Dietschy JM, Turley SD: Thematic review series: brain lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal.J. Lipid Res. 45(8), 1375–1397 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  16. Snipes GJ, Suter U: Cholesterol and myelin. Subcell. Biochem. 28, 173–204 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
  17. Bjorkhem I, Meaney S: Brain cholesterol: long secret life behind a barrier. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24(5), 806–815 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  18. Chobanian AV, Hollander W: Body cholesterol metabolism in man. I. The equilibration of serum and tissue cholesterol. J. Clin. Invest. 41, 1732–1737 (1962). · DOI
  19. Meaney S, Hassan M, Sakinis A et al.: Evidence that the major oxysterols in human circulation originate from distinct pools of cholesterol: a stable isotope study. J. Lipid Res. 42(1), 70–78 (2001). · DOI
  20. Plotz EJ, Kabara JJ, Davis ME, LeRoy GV, Gould RG: Studies on the synthesis of cholesterol in the brain of the human fetus.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 101(4), 534–538 (1968). · DOI
  21. Andersson M, Elmberger PG, Edlund C, Kristensson K, Dallner G: Rates of cholesterol, ubiquinone, dolichol and dolichyl-P biosynthesis in rat brain slices.FEBS Lett. 269(1), 15–18 (1990). · DOI
  22. Bjorkhem I, Diczfalusy U, Lutjohann D: Removal of cholesterol from extrahepatic sources by oxidative mechanisms. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 10(2), 161–165 (1999). · DOI
  23. Roheim PS, Carey M, Forte T, Vega GL: Apolipoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76(9), 4646–4649 (1979). · DOI · Paper page
  24. Pitas RE, Boyles JK, Lee SH, Hui D, Weisgraber KH: Lipoproteins and their receptors in the central nervous system. Characterization of the lipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid and identification of apolipoprotein B,E(LDL) receptors in the brain. J. Biol. Chem. 262(29), 14352–14360 (1987). · DOI · Paper page
  25. Borghini I, Barja F, Pometta D, James RW: Characterization of subpopulations of lipoprotein particles isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1255(2), 192–200 (1995). · DOI
  26. Koch S, Donarski N, Goetze K et al.: Characterization of four lipoprotein classes in human cerebrospinal fluid. J. Lipid Res. 42(7), 1143–1151 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  27. Suzuki T, Tozuka M, Kazuyoshi Y et al.: Predominant apolipoprotein J exists as lipid-poor mixtures in cerebrospinal fluid.Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 32(4), 369–376 (2002).
  28. LaDu M-J, Yu C, Youmans KL: Proposed mechanism for lipoprotein remodeling in the brain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1801(8), 819–823 (2010). · DOI
  29. Mahley RW: Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology. Science 240(4852), 622–630 (1988). · DOI · Paper page
  30. Bao F, Arai H, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Sasaki H: Expression of apolipoprotein E in normal and diverse neurodegenerative disease brain. Neuroreport 7(11), 1733–1739 (1996). · DOI
  31. Diedrich JF, Minnigan H, Carp RI et al.: Neuropathological changes in scrapie, Alzheimer’s disease are associated with increased expression of apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D in astrocytes. J. Virol. 65(9), 4759–4768 (1991). · DOI
  32. Han SH, Hulette C, Saunders AM et al.: Apolipoprotein E is present in hippocampal neurons without neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and in age-matched controls. Exp. Neurol. 128(1), 13–26 (1994). · DOI
  33. Ignatius MJ, Gebicke-Harter PJ, Skene JH et al.: Expression of apolipoprotein E during nerve degeneration and regeneration. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83(4), 1125–1129 (1986). · DOI
  34. Metzger RE, LaDu MJ, Pan JB, Getz GS, Frail DE, Falduto MT: Neurons of the human frontal cortex display apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity: implications for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 55(3), 372–380 (1996). · DOI
  35. Nakai M, Kawamata T, Taniguchi T, Maeda K, Tanaka C: Expression of apolipoprotein E mRNA in rat microglia.Neurosci. Lett. 211(1), 41–44 (1996). · DOI
  36. Nathan BP, Bellosta S, Sanan DA, Weisgraber KH, Mahley RW, Pitas RE: Differential effects of apolipoproteins E3, E4 on neuronal growth in vitro. Science 264(5160), 850–852 (1994). · DOI · Paper page
  37. Poirier J, Hess M, May PC, Finch CE: Astrocytic apolipoprotein E mRNA, GFAP mRNA in hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesioning. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 11(2), 97–106 (1991). · DOI
  38. Xu Q, Bernardo A, Walker D, Kanegawa T, Mahley RW, Huang Y: Profile and regulation of apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression in the CNS in mice with targeting of green fluorescent protein gene to the APOE locus. J. Neurosci. 26(19), 4985–4994 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
  39. Chang DJ, Paik YK, Leren TP, Walker DW, Howlett GJ, Taylor JM: Characterization of a human apolipoprotein E gene enhancer element and its associated protein factors.J. Biol. Chem. 265(16), 9496–9504 (1990). · DOI
  40. Adroer R, Lopez-Acedo C, Oliva R: Conserved elements in the 5´ regulatory region of the amyloid precursor protein gene in primates. Neurosci. Lett. 226(3), 203–206 (1997). · DOI
  41. Laffitte BA, Repa JJ, Joseph SB et al.: LXRs control lipid-inducible expression of the apolipoprotein E gene in macrophages and adipocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98(2), 507–512 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  42. Salero E, Gimenez C, Zafra F: Identification of a non-canonical E-box motif as a regulatory element in the proximal promoter region of the apolipoprotein E gene.Biochem. J. 370(Pt 3), 979–986 (2003). · DOI
  43. Lahiri DK: Apolipoprotein E as a target for developing new therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease based on studies from protein, RNA, and regulatory region of the gene. J. Mol. Neurosci. 23(3), 225–233 (2004). · DOI
  44. Du Y, Chen X, Wei X et al.: NF-kB mediates amyloid b peptide-stimulated activity of the human apolipoprotein E gene promoter in human astroglial cells. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 136(1–2), 177–188 (2005). · DOI
  45. Naukkarinen J, Gentile M, Soro-Paavonen A et al.: USF1 and dyslipidemias: converging evidence for a functional intronic variant.Hum. Mol. Genet. 14(17), 2595–2605 (2005). · DOI
  46. Ramos MC, Matias S, Artiga MJ et al.: Neuronal specific regulatory elements in apolipoprotein E gene proximal promoter.Neuroreport 16(9), 1027–1030 (2005). · DOI
  47. Wahrle SE, Jiang H, Parsadanian M et al.: ABCA1 is required for normal central nervous system ApoE levels and for lipidation of astrocyte-secreted ApoE. J. Biol. Chem. 279(39), 40987–40993 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  48. Karten B, Campenot RB, Vance DE, Vance JE: Expression of ABCG1, but not ABCA1, correlates with cholesterol release by cerebellar astroglia. J. Biol. Chem. 281(7), 4049–4057 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
  49. Kim WS, Rahmanto AS, Kamili A et al.: Role of ABCG1, ABCA1 in regulation of neuronal cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein E discs and suppression of amyloid-b peptide generation.J. Biol. Chem. 282(5), 2851–2861 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
  50. Jansen PJ, Lutjohann D, Thelen KM et al.: Absence of ApoE upregulates murine brain ApoD, ABCA1 levels, but does not affect brain sterol levels, while human ApoE3 and human ApoE4 upregulate brain cholesterol precursor levels. J. Alzheimers Dis. 18(2), 319–329 (2009). · DOI
  51. Terrisse L, Seguin D, Bertrand P, Poirier J, Milne R, Rassart E: Modulation of apolipoprotein D and apolipoprotein E expression in rat hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesion. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 70(1), 26–35 (1999). · DOI
  52. Elshourbagy NA, Liao WS, Mahley RW, Taylor JM: Apolipoprotein E mRNA is abundant in the brain and adrenals, as well as in the liver, and is present in other peripheral tissues of rats and marmosets. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82(1), 203–207 (1985). · DOI · Paper page
  53. Tarr PT, Edwards PA: ABCG1, ABCG4 are coexpressed in neurons and astrocytes of the CNS and regulate cholesterol homeostasis through SREBP-2. J. Lipid Res. 49(1), 169–182 (2008). · DOI
  54. Burgess BL, Parkinson PF, Racke MM et al.: ABCG1 influences the brain cholesterol biosynthetic pathway but does not affect amyloid precursor protein or apolipoprotein E metabolism in vivo. J. Lipid Res. 49(6), 1254–1267 (2008). · DOI
  55. Wang N, Yvan-Charvet L, Lutjohann D et al.: ATP-binding cassette transporters G1, G4 mediate cholesterol and desmosterol efflux to HDL and regulate sterol accumulation in the brain. FASEB J. 22(4), 1073–1082 (2008). · DOI · Paper page
  56. Rebeck GW, LaDu MJ, Estus S, Bu G, Weeber EJ: The generation and function of soluble apoE receptors in the CNS. Mol. Neurodegener. 1, 15 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
  57. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ et al.: Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science 261(5123), 921–923 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  58. Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D et al.: Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to b-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90(5), 1977–1981 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  59. Lambert JC, Heath S, Even G et al.: Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU, CR1 associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Nat. Genet. 41(10), 1094–1099 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
  60. Jordan BD: Genetic influences on outcome following traumatic brain injury. Neurochem. Res. 32(4–5), 905–915 (2007). · DOI
  61. Jha A, Lammertse DP, Coll JR et al.: Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury. J. Spinal Cord Med. 31(2), 171–176 (2008). · DOI
  62. Slooter AJ, Tang MX, van Duijn CM et al.: Apolipoprotein E ε4 and the risk of dementia with stroke. A population-based investigation.JAMA 277(10), 818–821 (1997). · DOI
  63. Huang X, Chen PC, Poole C: APOE-ε2 allele associated with higher prevalence of sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology 62(12), 2198–2202 (2004). · DOI
  64. Beyreuther K, Masters CL: Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β A4 amyloid in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease: precursor–product relationships in the derangement of neuronal function. Brain Pathol. 1(4), 241–251 (1991). · DOI · Paper page
  65. Namba Y, Tomonaga M, Kawasaki H, Otomo E, Ikeda K: Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in cerebral amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and kuru plaque amyloid in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Brain Res. 541(1), 163–166 (1991). · DOI · Paper page
  66. Wisniewski T, Frangione B: Apolipoprotein E: a pathological chaperone protein in patients with cerebral and systemic amyloid. Neurosci. Lett. 135(2), 235–238 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
  67. Strittmatter WJ, Weisgraber KH, Huang DY et al.: Binding of human apolipoprotein E to synthetic amyloid β peptide: isoform-specific effects and implications for late-onset Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90(17), 8098–8102 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  68. Gylys KH, Fein JA, Tan AM, Cole GM: Apolipoprotein E enhances uptake of soluble but not aggregated amyloid-β protein into synaptic terminals. J. Neurochem. 84(6), 1442–1451 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  69. Rebeck GW, Reiter JS, Strickland DK, Hyman BT: Apolipoprotein E in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease: allelic variation and receptor interactions. Neuron 11(4), 575–580 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  70. Urmoneit B, Prikulis I, Wihl G et al.: Cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells internalize Alzheimer amyloid β protein via a lipoprotein pathway: implications for cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Lab. Invest. 77(2), 157–166 (1997).
  71. Beffert U, Aumont N, Dea D, Lussier-Cacan S, Davignon J, Poirier J: Apolipoprotein E isoform-specific reduction of extracellular amyloid in neuronal cultures. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 68(1–2), 181–185 (1999). · DOI
  72. Cole GM, Ard MD: Influence of lipoproteins on microglial degradation of Alzheimer’s amyloid β-protein. Microsc. Res. Tech. 50(4), 316–324 (2000). · DOI
  73. Yang DS, Small DH, Seydel U et al.: Apolipoprotein E promotes the binding and uptake of β-amyloid into Chinese hamster ovary cells in an isoform-specific manner.Neuroscience 90(4), 1217–1226 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  74. Schmechel DE, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ et al.: Increased amyloid β-peptide deposition in cerebral cortex as a consequence of apolipoprotein E genotype in late-onset Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90(20), 9649–9653 (1993). · DOI · Paper page
  75. Nicoll JA, Roberts GW, Graham DI: Apolipoprotein E ε 4 allele is associated with deposition of amyloid β-protein following head injury. Nat. Med. 1(2), 135–137 (1995). · DOI · Paper page
  76. Bales KR, Verina T, Cummins DJ et al.: Apolipoprotein E is essential for amyloid deposition in the APP(V717F) transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96(26), 15233–15238 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  77. Holtzman DM, Bales KR, Tenkova T et al.: Apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent amyloid deposition and neuritic degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97(6), 2892–2897 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  78. Snipes GJ, McGuire CB, Norden JJ, Freeman JA: Nerve injury stimulates the secretion of apolipoprotein E by nonneuronal cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83(4), 1130–1134 (1986). · DOI
  79. Horsburgh K, Fitzpatrick M, Nilsen M, Nicoll JA: Marked alterations in the cellular localisation and levels of apolipoprotein E following acute subdural haematoma in rat.Brain Res. 763(1), 103–110 (1997). · DOI
  80. Iwata A, Browne KD, Chen XH, Yuguchi T, Smith DH: Traumatic brain injury induces biphasic upregulation of ApoE, ApoJ protein in rats. J. Neurosci. Res 82(1), 103–114 (2005). · DOI
  81. White F, Nicoll JA, Horsburgh K: Alterations in ApoE, ApoJ in relation to degeneration and regeneration in a mouse model of entorhinal cortex lesion. Exp. Neurol. 169(2), 307–318 (2001). · DOI
  82. Aoki K, Uchihara T, Sanjo N et al.: Increased expression of neuronal apolipoprotein E in human brain with cerebral infarction. Stroke 34(4), 875–880 (2003). · DOI
  83. Boschert U, Merlo-Pich E, Higgins G, Roses AD, Catsicas S: Apolipoprotein E expression by neurons surviving excitotoxic stress. Neurobiol. Dis. 6(6), 508–514 (1999). · DOI
  84. Pereira SG, Oakley F: Nuclear factor-kB1: regulation and function. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 40(8), 1425–1430 (2008). · DOI
  85. Yamada T, Kondo A, Takamatsu J, Tateishi J, Goto I: Apolipoprotein E mRNA in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 129(1), 56–61 (1995). · DOI
  86. Yamagata K, Urakami K, Ikeda K et al.: High expression of apolipoprotein E mRNA in the brains with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 12(2), 57–62 (2001). · DOI
  87. Thomas EA, Laws SM, Sutcliffe JG et al.: Apolipoprotein D levels are elevated in prefrontal cortex of subjects with Alzheimer’s disease: no relation to apolipoprotein E expression or genotype. Biol. Psychiatry 54(2), 136–141 (2003). · DOI
  88. Laws SM, Hone E, Taddei K et al.: Variation at the APOE-491 promoter locus is associated with altered brain levels of apolipoprotein E. Mol. Psychiatry 7(8), 886–890 (2002). · DOI
  89. Fukumoto H, Ingelsson M, Garevik N et al.: APOE ε3/ε4 heterozygotes have an elevated proportion of apolipoprotein E4 in cerebrospinal fluid relative to plasma, independent of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. Exp. Neurol. 183(1), 249–253 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  90. Bertrand P, Poirier J, Oda T, Finch CE, Pasinetti GM: Association of apolipoprotein E genotype with brain levels of apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein J (clusterin) in Alzheimer disease. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 33(1), 174–178 (1995). · DOI · Paper page
  91. Beffert U, Cohn JS, Petit-Turcotte C et al.: Apolipoprotein E and β-amyloid levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of Alzheimer’s disease subjects are diseaserelated and apolipoprotein E genotype dependent. Brain Res. 843(1–2), 87–94 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  92. Glockner F, Meske V, Ohm TG: Genotyperelated differences of hippocampal apolipoprotein E levels only in early stages of neuropathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience 114(4), 1103–1114 (2002). · DOI
  93. Sullivan PM, Mace BE, Maeda N, Schmechel DE: Marked regional differences of brain human apolipoprotein E expression in targeted replacement mice. Neuroscience 124(4), 725–733 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  94. 112 Fryer JD, Simmons K, Parsadanian M et al.: Human apolipoprotein E4 alters the amyloid-β 40:42 ratio and promotes the formation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in an amyloid precursor protein transgenic model. J. Neurosci. 25(11), 2803–2810 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
  95. 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.02.006 · DOI
  96. Arai H, Kashiwagi S, Nagasaka Y, Uchida K, Hoshii Y, Nakamura K: Oxidative modification of apolipoprotein E in human very-low-density lipoprotein and its inhibition by glycosaminoglycans. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 367(1), 1–8 (1999). · DOI
  97. Elliott DA, Kim WS, Jans DA, Garner B: Apoptosis induces neuronal apolipoprotein-E synthesis and localization in apoptotic bodies.Neurosci. Lett. 416(2), 206–210 (2007). · DOI
  98. Mahley RW, Nathan BP, Pitas RE: Apolipoprotein E. Structure, function, and possible roles in Alzheimer’s disease.Ann NY Acad. Sci. 777, 139–145 (1996). · DOI
  99. Mahley RW, Rall SC Jr: Apolipoprotein E: far more than a lipid transport protein. Annu. Rev. Genomics. Hum. Genet. 1, 507–537 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  100. Miyata M, Smith JD: Apolipoprotein E allele-specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxidative insults and β-amyloid peptides. Nat. Genet. 14(1), 55–61 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
  101. Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Goedert M et al.: Isoform-specific interactions of apolipoprotein E with microtubule-associated protein tau: implications for Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91(23), 11183–11186 (1994). · DOI · Paper page
  102. Gelissen IC, Hochgrebe T, Wilson MR et al.: Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) induces cholesterol export from macrophage-foam cells: a potential anti-atherogenic function? Biochem. J. 331(Pt 1), 231–237 (1998). · DOI
  103. Jones SE, Jomary C: Clusterin. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 34(5), 427–431 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  104. Wyatt AR, Yerbury JJ, Wilson MR: Structural characterization of clusterinchaperone client protein complexes. J. Biol. Chem. 284(33), 21920–21927 (2009). · DOI
  105. Rizzi F, Bettuzzi S: The clusterin paradigm in prostate and breast carcinogenesis. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 17(1), R1–17 (2010). · DOI
  106. Wong P, Pineault J, Lakins J et al.: Genomic organization and expression of the rat TRPM-2 (clusterin) gene, a gene implicated in apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 268(7), 5021–5031 (1993). · DOI
  107. Rosemblit N, Chen CL: Regulators for the rat clusterin gene: DNA methylation and cis-acting regulatory elements. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 13(1), 69–76 (1994). · DOI
  108. Michel D, Chatelain G, North S, Brun G: Stress-induced transcription of the clusterin/ apoJ gene. Biochem. J. 328(Pt 1), 45–50 (1997). · DOI
  109. Loison F, Debure L, Nizard P, le Goff P, Michel D, le Drean Y: Up-regulation of the clusterin gene after proteotoxic stress: implication of HSF1–HSF2 heterocomplexes.Biochem. J. 395(1), 223–231 (2006). · DOI
  110. Sasaki K, Doh-ura K, Ironside JW, Iwaki T: Increased clusterin (apolipoprotein J) expression in human and mouse brains infected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Acta Neuropathol. 103(3), 199–208 (2002). · DOI
  111. Freixes M, Puig B, Rodriguez A, Torrejon-Escribano B, Blanco R, Ferrer I: Clusterin solubility and aggregation in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Acta Neuropathol. 108(4), 295–301 (2004). · DOI
  112. Kounnas MZ, Loukinova EB, Stefansson S et al.: Identification of glycoprotein 330 as an endocytic receptor for apolipoprotein J/clusterin. J. Biol. Chem. 270(22), 13070–13075 (1995). · DOI
  113. Zlokovic BV, Martel CL, Matsubara E et al.: Glycoprotein 330/megalin: probable role in receptor-mediated transport of apolipoprotein J alone and in a complex with Alzheimer disease amyloid β at the blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93(9), 4229–4234 (1996). · DOI · Paper page
  114. Bartl MM, Luckenbach T, Bergner O, Ullrich O, Koch-Brandt C: Multiple receptors mediate apoJ-dependent clearance of cellular debris into nonprofessional phagocytes. Exp. Cell Res. 271(1), 130–141 (2001). · DOI
  115. Gardai SJ, McPhillips KA, Frasch SC et al.: Cell-surface calreticulin initiates clearance of viable or apoptotic cells through transactivation of LRP on the phagocyte. Cell 123(2), 321–334 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
  116. Pasinetti GM, Johnson SA, Oda T, Rozovsky I, Finch CE: Clusterin (SGP-2): a multifunctional glycoprotein with regional expression in astrocytes and neurons of the adult rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 339(3), 387–400 (1994). · DOI
  117. Garden GA, Bothwell M, Rubel EW: Lack of correspondence between mRNA expression for a putative cell death molecule (SGP-2) and neuronal cell death in the central nervous system. J. Neurobiol. 22(6), 590–604 (1991). · DOI
  118. Dragunow M, Preston K, Dodd J, Young D, Lawlor P, Christie D: Clusterin accumulates in dying neurons following status epilepticus.Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 32(2), 279–290 (1995). · DOI
  119. Yasuhara O, Aimi Y, Yamada T, Matsuo A, McGeer EG, McGeer PL: Clusterin as a marker for ischaemic Purkinje cells in human brain.Neurodegeneration 3(4), 325–329 (1994).
  120. Danik M, Chabot JG, Mercier C et al.: Human gliomas and epileptic foci express high levels of a mRNA related to rat testicular sulfated glycoprotein 2, a purported marker of cell death. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88(19), 8577–8581 (1991). · DOI
  121. Wu E, Brosnan CF, Raine CS: SP-40,40 immunoreactivity in inflammatory CNS lesions displaying astrocyte/oligodendrocyte interactions. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 52(2), 129–134 (1993). · DOI
  122. Klimaschewski L, Obermuller N, Witzgall R: Regulation of clusterin expression following spinal cord injury. Cell Tissue Res. 306(2), 209–216 (2001). · DOI
  123. Imhof A, Charnay Y, Vallet PG et al.: Sustained astrocytic clusterin expression improves remodeling after brain ischemia.Neurobiol. Dis. 22(2), 274–283 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
  124. Giannakopoulos P, Kovari E, French LE, Viard I, Hof PR, Bouras C: Possible neuroprotective role of clusterin in Alzheimer’s disease: a quantitative immunocytochemical study. Acta Neuropathol. 95(4), 387–394 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  125. Lidstrom AM, Bogdanovic N, Hesse C, Volkman I, Davidsson P, Blennow K: Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) protein levels are increased in hippocampus and in frontal cortex in Alzheimer’s disease. Exp. Neurol. 154(2), 511–521 (1998). · DOI
  126. Calero M, Rostagno A, Matsubara E, Zlokovic B, Frangione B, Ghiso J: Apolipoprotein J (clusterin), Alzheimer’s disease. Microsc. Res. Tech. 50(4), 305–315 (2000). · DOI
  127. DeMattos RB, Cirrito JR, Parsadanian M et al.: ApoE and clusterin cooperatively suppress Ab levels and deposition: evidence that ApoE regulates extracellular Ab metabolism in vivo.Neuron 41(2), 193–202 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  128. Nizard P, Tetley S, le Drean Y et al.: Stress-induced retrotranslocation of clusterin/ ApoJ into the cytosol. Traffic 8(5), 554–565 (2007). · DOI
  129. Quinn CM, Kagedal K, Terman A et al.: Induction of fibroblast apolipoprotein E expression during apoptosis, starvationinduced growth arrest and mitosis. Biochem. J. 378(Pt 3), 753–761 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  130. Kim WS, Elliott DA, Kockx M et al.: Analysis of apolipoprotein E nuclear localization using green fluorescent protein and biotinylation approaches. Biochem. J. 409(3), 701–709 (2008). · DOI
  131. Do Carmo S, Levros LC, Jr, Rassart E: Modulation of apolipoprotein D expression and translocation under specific stress conditions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1773(6), 954–969 (2007). · DOI
  132. Kang SW, Shin YJ, Shim YJ, Jeong SY, Park IS, Min BH: Clusterin interacts with SCLIP (SCG10-like protein) and promotes neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Exp. Cell Res. 309(2), 305–315 (2005). · DOI
  133. Klucken J, McLean PJ, Gomez-Tortosa E, Ingelsson M, Hyman BT: Neuritic alterations and neural system dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurochem. Res. 28(11), 1683–1691 (2003). · DOI
  134. Rassart E, Bedirian A, Do Carmo S et al.: Apolipoprotein D. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1482(1–2), 185–198 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  135. Pearlman WH, Gueriguian JL, Sawyer ME: A specific progesterone-binding component of human breast cyst fluid. J. Biol. Chem. 248(16), 5736–5741 (1973). · DOI
  136. Lea OA: Binding properties of progesterone-binding Cyst protein, PBCP. Steroids 52(4), 337–338 (1988). · DOI
  137. Dilley WG, Haagensen DE, Cox CE, Wells SA Jr: Immunologic and steroid binding properties of the GCDFP-24 protein isolated from human breast gross cystic disease fluid.Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 16(3), 253–260 (1990). · DOI
  138. Morais Cabral JH, Atkins GL, Sanchez LM, Lopez-Boado YS, Lopez-Otin C, Sawyer L: Arachidonic acid binds to apolipoprotein D: implications for the protein’s function. FEBS Lett. 366(1), 53–56 (1995). · DOI
  139. Vogt M, Skerra A: Bacterially produced apolipoprotein D binds progesterone and arachidonic acid, but not bilirubin or E-3M2H.J. Mol. Recognit. 14(1), 79–86 (2001). · DOI
  140. Provost PR, Villeneuve L, Weech PK, Milne RW, Marcel YL, Rassart E: Localization of the major sites of rabbit apolipoprotein D gene transcription by in situ hybridization. J. Lipid Res. 32(12), 1959–1970 (1991). · DOI
  141. Smith KM, Lawn RM, Wilcox JN: Cellular localization of apolipoprotein D and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase mRNA in rhesus monkey tissues by in situ hybridization. J. Lipid Res. 31(6), 995–1004 (1990). · DOI
  142. Thomas EA, Dean B, Pavey G, Sutcliffe JG: Increased CNS levels of apolipoprotein D in schizophrenic and bipolar subjects: implications for the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci USA 98(7), 4066–4071 (2001). · DOI
  143. Belloir B, Kovari E, Surini-Demiri M, Savioz A: Altered apolipoprotein D expression in the brain of patients with Alzheimer disease. J. Neurosci. Res 64(1), 61–69 (2001). · DOI
  144. Lewis DA, Gonzalez-Burgos G: Pathophysiologically based treatment interventions in schizophrenia. Nat. Med. 12(9), 1016–1022 (2006). · DOI
  145. Terrisse L, Poirier J, Bertrand P et al.: Increased levels of apolipoprotein D in cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampus of Alzheimer’s patients. J. Neurochem. 71(4), 1643–1650 (1998). · DOI
  146. Kalman J, McConathy W, Araoz C, Kasa P, Lacko AG: Apolipoprotein D in the aging brain and in Alzheimer’s dementia. Neurol. Res. 22(4), 330–336 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  147. Glockner F, Ohm TG: Hippocampal apolipoprotein D level depends on Braak stage, APOE genotype. Neuroscience 122(1), 103–110 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  148. Ordonez C, Navarro A, Perez C, Astudillo A, Martinez E, Tolivia J: Apolipoprotein D expression in substantia nigra of Parkinson disease. Histol. Histopathol. 21(4), 361–366 (2006).
  149. Franz G, Reindl M, Patel SC et al.: Increased expression of apolipoprotein D following experimental traumatic brain injury. J. Neurochem. 73(4), 1615–1625 (1999). · DOI
  150. Ong WY, He Y, Suresh S, Patel SC: Differential expression of apolipoprotein D and apolipoprotein E in the kainic acidlesioned rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 79(2), 359–367 (1997). · DOI
  151. Ong WY, Hu CY, Patel SC: Apolipoprotein D in the Niemann-Pick type C disease mouse brain: an ultrastructural immunocytochemical analysis. J. Neurocytol. 31(2), 121–129 (2002). · DOI
  152. Suresh S, Yan Z, Patel RC, Patel YC, Patel SC: Cellular cholesterol storage in the Niemann–Pick disease type C mouse is associated with increased expression and defective processing of apolipoprotein D.J. Neurochem. 70(1), 242–251 (1998). · DOI
  153. Do Carmo S, Seguin D, Milne R, Rassart E: Modulation of apolipoprotein D and apolipoprotein E mRNA expression by growth arrest and identification of key elements in the promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 277(7), 5514–5523 (2002). · DOI
  154. Markesbery WR: Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 23(1), 134–147 (1997). · DOI · Paper page
  155. Prabakaran S, Swatton JE, Ryan MM et al.: Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: evidence for compromised brain metabolism and oxidative stress. Mol. Psychiatry 9(7), 684–697, 643 (2004). · DOI
  156. Onyango IG, Khan SM: Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and stress signaling in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 3(4), 339–349 (2006). · DOI
  157. Ganfornina MD, Do Carmo S, Lora JM et al.: Apolipoprotein D is involved in the mechanisms regulating protection from oxidative stress. Aging Cell 7(4), 506–515 (2008). · DOI
  158. Sanchez D, Lopez-Arias B, Torroja L et al.: Loss of glial lazarillo, a homolog of apolipoprotein D, reduces lifespan and stress resistance in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 16(7), 680–686 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
  159. Walker DW, Muffat J, Rundel C, Benzer S: Overexpression of a Drosophila homolog of apolipoprotein D leads to increased stress resistance and extended lifespan. Curr. Biol. 16(7), 674–679 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
  160. Do Carmo S, Jacomy H, Talbot PJ, Rassart E: Neuroprotective effect of apolipoprotein D against human coronavirus OC43-induced encephalitis in mice. J. Neurosci. 28(41), 10330–10338 (2008). · DOI
  161. Muffat J, Walker DW, Benzer S: Human ApoD, an apolipoprotein up-regulated in neurodegenerative diseases, extends lifespan and increases stress resistance in Drosophila.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105(19), 7088–7093 (2008). · DOI
  162. Boyles JK, Notterpek LM, Anderson LJ: Accumulation of apolipoproteins in the regenerating and remyelinating mammalian peripheral nerve. Identification of apolipoprotein D, apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E, and apolipoprotein A-I.J. Biol. Chem. 265(29), 17805–17815 (1990). · DOI
  163. Seguin D, Desforges M, Rassart E: Molecular characterization and differential mRNA tissue distribution of mouse apolipoprotein D.Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 30(2), 242–250 (1995). · DOI
  164. Desai PP, Ikonomovic MD, Abrahamson EE et al.: Apolipoprotein D is a component of compact but not diffuse amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer’s disease temporal cortex.Neurobiol. Dis. 20(2), 574–582 (2005). · DOI
  165. Price DL, Tanzi RE, Borchelt DR, Sisodia SS: Alzheimer’s disease: genetic studies and transgenic models. Annu. Rev. Genet. 32, 461–493 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  166. Hiltunen M, Mannermaa A, Thompson D et al.: Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium mapping of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in Finland. Neurology 57(9), 1663–1668 (2001). · DOI
  167. Desai PP, Hendrie HC, Evans RM, Murrell JR, DeKosky ST, Kamboh MI: Genetic variation in apolipoprotein D affects the risk of Alzheimer disease in African–Americans.Am. J. Med. Genet. β Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 116B(1), 98–101 (2003). · DOI
  168. Lewis CM, Levinson DF, Wise LH et al.: Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II: schizophrenia.Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73(1), 34–48 (2003). · DOI
  169. Hansen T, Hemmingsen RP, Wang AG et al.: Apolipoprotein D is associated with long-term outcome in patients with schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics J. 6(2), 120–125 (2006). · DOI
  170. Thomas EA, Danielson PE, Nelson PA et al.: Clozapine increases apolipoprotein D expression in rodent brain: towards a mechanism for neuroleptic pharmacotherapy.J. Neurochem. 76(3), 789–796 (2001). · DOI
  171. Thomas EA, George RC, Danielson PE et al.: Antipsychotic drug treatment alters expression of mRNAs encoding lipid metabolism-related proteins. Mol. Psychiatry 8(12), 983–993, 950 (2003). · DOI
  172. Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Rall SC Jr, Weisgraber KH: Plasma lipoproteins: apolipoprotein structure and function.J. Lipid Res. 25(12), 1277–1294 (1984). · DOI · Paper page
  173. Harr SD, Uint L, Hollister R, Hyman BT, Mendez AJ: Brain expression of apolipoproteins E, J, A-I in Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neurochem. 66(6), 2429–2435 (1996). · DOI
  174. Huang JT, Wang L, Prabakaran S et al.: Independent protein-profiling studies show a decrease in apolipoprotein A1 levels in schizophrenia CSF, brain and peripheral tissues. Mol. Psychiatry 13(12), 1118–1128 (2008). · DOI
  175. Weiler-Guttler H, Sommerfeldt M, Papandrikopoulou A et al.: Synthesis of apolipoprotein A-1 in pig brain microvascular endothelial cells. J. Neurochem. 54(2), 444–450 (1990). · DOI
  176. Mockel B, Zinke H, Flach R, Weiss B, Weiler-Guttler H, Gassen HG: Expression of apolipoprotein A-I in porcine brain endothelium in vitro. J. Neurochem. 62(2), 788–798 (1994). · DOI
  177. Vollbach H, Heun R, Morris CM et al.: APOA1 polymorphism influences risk for early-onset nonfamiliar AD. Ann. Neurol. 58(3), 436–441 (2005). · DOI
  178. Tuteja R, Tuteja N, Melo C, Casari G, Baralle FE: Transcription efficiency of human apolipoprotein A-I promoter varies with naturally occurring A to G transition. FEBS Lett. 304(1), 98–101 (1992). · DOI
  179. Angotti E, Mele E, Costanzo F, Avvedimento EV: A polymorphism (G–>A transition) in the -78 position of the apolipoprotein A-I promoter increases transcription efficiency. J. Biol. Chem. 269(26), 17371–17374 (1994). · DOI
  180. Jeenah M, Kessling A, Miller N, Humphries S: G to A substitution in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene is associated with elevated serum apolipoprotein AI and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Mol. Biol. Med. 7(3), 233–241 (1990).
  181. Juo SH, Wyszynski DF, Beaty TH, Huang HY, Bailey-Wilson JE: Mild association between the A/G polymorphism in the promoter of the apolipoprotein A-I gene and apolipoprotein A-I levels: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Med. Genet. 82(3), 235–241 (1999). · DOI
  182. Demeester N, Castro G, Desrumaux C et al.: Characterization and functional studies of lipoproteins, lipid transfer proteins, and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in CSF of normal individuals and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J. Lipid Res. 41(6), 963–974 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  183. Koldamova RP, Lefterov IM, Lefterova MI, Lazo JS: Apolipoprotein A-I directly interacts with amyloid precursor protein and inhibits A β aggregation and toxicity. Biochemistry 40(12), 3553–3560 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  184. Petit-Turcotte C, Stohl SM, Beffert U et al.: Apolipoprotein C-I expression in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 8(6), 953–963 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
  185. Lauer SJ, Walker D, Elshourbagy NA, Reardon CA, Levy-Wilson B, Taylor JM: Two copies of the human apolipoprotein C-I gene are linked closely to the apolipoprotein E gene. J. Biol. Chem. 263(15), 7277–7286 (1988). · DOI
  186. Shen P, Howlett GJ: Two coding regions closely linked to the rat apolipoprotein E gene: nucleotide sequences of rat apolipoprotein C-I, ECL cDNA. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 297(2), 345–353 (1992). · DOI
  187. Tysoe C, Galinsky D, Robinson D et al.: APO E, APO CI loci are associated with dementia in younger but not older late-onset cases. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 9(4), 191–198 (1998). · DOI
  188. Poduslo SE, Neal M, Herring K, Shelly J: The apolipoprotein CI A allele as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem. Res. 23(3), 361–367 (1998). · DOI
  189. Drigalenko E, Poduslo S, Elston R: Interaction of the apolipoprotein E, CI loci in predisposing to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 51(1), 131–135 (1998). · DOI
  190. Weisgraber KH, Mahley RW, Kowal RC, Herz J, Goldstein JL, Brown MS: Apolipoprotein C-I modulates the interaction of apolipoprotein E with β-migrating very low density lipoproteins (β-VLDL) and inhibits binding of β-VLDL to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J. Biol. Chem. 265(36), 22453–22459 (1990). · DOI
  191. Kowal RC, Herz J, Weisgraber KH, Mahley RW, Brown MS, Goldstein JL: Opposing effects of apolipoproteins E, C on lipoprotein binding to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J. Biol. Chem. 265(18), 10771–10779 (1990). · DOI · Paper page
  192. Sehayek E, Eisenberg S: Mechanisms of inhibition by apolipoprotein C of apolipoprotein E-dependent cellular metabolism of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 266(27), 18259–18267 (1991). · DOI · Paper page
  193. Liu M, Doi T, Shen L et al.: Intestinal satiety protein apolipoprotein AIV is synthesized and regulated in rat hypothalamus. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 280(5), R1382–R1387 (2001). · DOI
  194. Shen L, Pearson KJ, Xiong Y et al.: Characterization of apolipoprotein A-IV in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis.Physiol. Behav. 95(1–2), 161–167 (2008). · DOI
  195. Okumura T, Fukagawa K, Tso P, Taylor IL, Pappas TN: Intracisternal injection of apolipoprotein A-IV inhibits gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated conscious rats.Gastroenterology 107(6), 1861–1864 (1994). · DOI
  196. Tso P, Chen Q, Fujimoto K, Fukagawa K, Sakata T: Apolipoprotein A-IV: a circulating satiety signal produced by the small intestine.Obes. Res. 3(Suppl. 5), 689S–695S (1995). · DOI
  197. Tso P, Liu M, Kalogeris TJ: The role of apolipoprotein A-IV in food intake regulation. J. Nutr. 129(8), 1503–1506 (1999). · DOI
  198. Csaszar A, Kalman J, Szalai C, Janka Z, Romics L: Association of the apolipoprotein A-IV codon 360 mutation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 230(3), 151–154 (1997). · DOI
  199. Mimmack ML, Ryan M, Baba H et al.: Gene expression analysis in schizophrenia: reproducible up-regulation of several members of the apolipoprotein L family located in a high-susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 22. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99(7), 4680–4685 (2002). · DOI
  200. Takahashi S, Cui YH, Han YH et al.: Association of SNPs and haplotypes in APOL1, 2 and 4 with schizophrenia.Schizophr. Res. 104(1–3), 153–164 (2008). · DOI

200 of 220 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Elliott, D. A., Weickert, C. S., & Garner, B.
Affiliations
Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
Venue
Clinical Lipidology
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2010-08-01
Volume
5
Issue
4
Pages
555-573
ISSN
  • 1758-4299
  • 1758-4302
DOI
10.2217/clp.10.37
PMC
PMC3058497
Cited by
194
References
30
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review