Cited by 496Probiotics and Fermented FoodsGut microbiota and healthFermentation and Sensory Analysis

Fermented Foods, Health and the Gut Microbiome

Open access
Leeuwendaal, Natasha K., Stanton, Catherine, O’Toole, Paul W., Beresford, Tom P.·2022·Nutrients

Abstract

Fermented foods have been a part of human diet for almost 10,000 years, and their level of diversity in the 21st century is substantial. The health benefits of fermented foods have been intensively investigated; identification of bioactive peptides and microbial metabolites in fermented foods that can positively affect human health has consolidated this interest. Each fermented food typically hosts a distinct population of microorganisms. Once ingested, nutrients and microorganisms from fermented foods may survive to interact with the gut microbiome, which can now be resolved at the species and strain level by metagenomics. Transient or long-term colonization of the gut by fermented food strains or impacts of fermented foods on indigenous gut microbes can therefore be determined. This review considers the primary food fermentation pathways and microorganisms involved, the potential health benefits, and the ability of these foodstuffs to impact the gut microbiome once ingested either through compounds produced during the fermentation process or through interactions with microorganisms from the fermented food that are capable of surviving in the gastro-intestinal transit. This review clearly shows that fermented foods can affect the gut microbiome in both the short and long term, and should be considered an important element of the human diet.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/nu14071527

Cites

185 of 185 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [17]Madigan M.T. Martinko J.M. Dunlap P.V. Clark D.P. Metabolic diversity: Catabolism of organic compounds Brock Biology of Microorganisms 12th ed. Berriman E.W. Carlson L. Hutchinson G. Reed E. Pearson Education Incorporated New York, NY, USA 2009 612 651

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Leeuwendaal, N. K., Stanton, C., O’Toole, P. W., & Beresford, T. P.
Affiliations
  • Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
  • University College Cork (IE)
Corresponding author
Beresford, Tom P.
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-04-06
Volume
14
Issue
7
Pages
1527
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4223558168
Cited by
496
References
185
Citations by year
2026: 140 · 2025: 190 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 16
FWCI
8.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (6555)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Keywords
fermented foods, gut microbiota, health benefits, bioactive peptides, microbial metabolites, microbial colonization, metagenomics, gastrointestinal transit
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fermented Foods, Diet, Fermentation, Humans

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review