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Whey Protein Supplementation Preserves Postprandial Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis during Short-Term Energy Restriction in Overweight and Obese Adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Higher dietary energy as protein during weight loss results in a greater loss of fat mass and retention of muscle mass; however, the impact of protein quality on the rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) and lipolysis, processes that are important in the maintenance of muscle and loss of fat, respectively, are unknown.Objective We aimed to determine how the consumption of different sources of proteins (soy or whey) during a controlled short-term (14-d) hypoenergetic diet affected MPS and lipolysis.Methods Men (n = 19) and women (n = 21) (age 35-65 y; body mass index 28-50 kg/m(2)) completed a 14-d controlled hypoenergetic diet (-750 kcal/d). Participants were randomly assigned, double blind, to receive twice-daily supplements of isolated whey (27 g/supplement) or soy (26 g/supplement), providing a total protein intake of 1.3 ± 0.1 g/(kg · d), or isoenergetic carbohydrate (25 g maltodextrin/supplement) resulting in a total protein intake of 0.7 ± 0.1 g/(kg · d). Before and after the dietary intervention, primed continuous infusions of L-[ring-(13)C6] phenylalanine and [(2)H5]-glycerol were used to measure postabsorptive and postprandial rates of MPS and lipolysis.Results Preintervention, MPS was stimulated more (P < 0.05) with ingestion of whey than with soy or carbohydrate. Postintervention, postabsorptive MPS decreased similarly in all groups (all P < 0.05). Postprandial MPS was reduced by 9 ± 1% in the whey group, which was less (P < 0.05) than the reduction in soy and carbohydrate groups (28 ± 5% and 31 ± 5%, respectively; both P < 0.05) after the intervention. Lipolysis was suppressed during the postprandial period (P < 0.05), but more so with ingestion of carbohydrate (P < 0.05) than soy or whey.Conclusion We conclude that whey protein supplementation attenuated the decline in postprandial rates of MPS after weight loss, which may be of importance in the preservation of lean mass during longer-term weight loss interventions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530646.
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“There is also, during weight loss, research showing that a caloric restriction diet and the associated energy deficit may impair the muscle protein synthesis response to resistance exercise, limiting hypertrophic adaptations and the resources required to build new muscle tissue [7, 54, 55].”
From The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
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“Nonetheless, recent data have shown that lower rates of MPS can also be restored by a higher dietary protein intake (3), particularly so with whey protein (30), which was the supplemental protein source used herein.”
From Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
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“Current evidence suggests that the energy deficit likely reduces basal MPS (29) and may also have reduced the sensitivity of MPS to feeding (30,31).”
From Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
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“Whey proteins are effective in stimulating postprandial muscle protein accretion, owing to their fast digestion and absorption kinetics and high leucine content180.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview (2024) · cites this paper as [180]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hector, A. J., Marcotte, G. R., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Murphy, C. H., Breen, L., von Allmen, M., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Stuart M
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 246-252
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2143022335
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Dairy Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- whey protein supplementation, myofibrillar protein synthesis, lipolysis, caloric restriction, weight loss, soy protein, protein quality, muscle protein synthesis, fat loss, phenylalanine tracer, overweight and obesity, hypocaloric diet, carbohydrate supplementation, fat oxidation, substrate oxidation, lipoprotein lipase
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Adult, Aged, Energy Intake, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Milk Proteins, Myofibrils, Obesity, Phenylalanine, Protein Biosynthesis, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Postprandial Period, Dietary Supplements, Soybean Proteins, Caloric Restriction, Overweight
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