The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Intimacy as an interpersonal process
Abstract
In this chapter, we propose a model of the intimacy process. The process begins when one person expresses personally revealing feelings or information to another. It continues when the listener responds supportively and empathically. For an interaction to become intimate, the discloser must feel understood, validated, and cared for.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In particular, reciprocal exchange has been defined as a crucial factor in developing close relational bonds [35] [36] [37].”
From "I tell him everything that I do": An investigation of privacy and safety implications of AI companion usage (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Replika users feel a close bond to it despite acknowledged power imbalance with Luka being involved in Replika's behaviour and lack of reciprocity, challenging theories on intimacy and reciprocity in building relationships [36], [37].”
From "I tell him everything that I do": An investigation of privacy and safety implications of AI companion usage (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Acitelli, L. K. , & Duck, S. W. (1987). Intimacy as the proverbial elephant. In D. Perlman & S. W. Duck (Eds.), Intimate relationships: Development, dynamics, and deterioration (pp. 297–308). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Daily Well-Being: The Role of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness
Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167200266002 · Cited by 2,067
Self-citationManaging impressions online: Self-presentation processes in the online dating environment
Ellison, N., Heino, R., & Gibbs, J. (2006) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00020.x · Cited by 1,616
Relationship formation on the Internet: What’s the big attraction?
McKenna, K. Y. A., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2002) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00246 · Cited by 1,454
The social consequences of expressive suppression
Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48 · Cited by 1,400
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1053 · Cited by 1,303
From creativity to innovation: The social network drivers of the four phases of the idea journey
Perry-Smith, J. E., & Mannucci, P. V. (2017) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2014.0462 · Cited by 1,121
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.79 · Cited by 1,134
Emotion regulation and culture: are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific?
Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.30 · Cited by 986
More than Myth: The Developmental Significance of Romantic Relationships During Adolescence
Collins, W. A. (2003) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/1532-7795.1301001 · Cited by 902
Adolescent Internet use: What we expect, what teens report
Gross, E. F. (2004) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2004.09.005 · Cited by 866
The Relationship Context of Human Behavior and Development
Reis, H. T., Collins, W. A., & Berscheid, E. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.6.844 · Cited by 853
Self-citationIntimate Exchanges: Using Computers to Elicit Self-Disclosure from Consumers
Moon, Y. (2000) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209566 · Cited by 842
Being good by doing good: Daily eudaimonic activity and well-being
Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., & Oishi, S. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.03.004 · Cited by 626
Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F., & Rovine, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.19.2.314 · Cited by 564
Self-esteem and the quest for felt security: How perceived regard regulates attachment processes.
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., & Griffin, D. W. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.478 · Cited by 559
Forest, A. L., & Wood, J. V. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611429709 · Cited by 547
Deters, F. G., & Mehl, M. R. (2013) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612469233 · Cited by 523
Parent and peer attachment in late childhood and early adolescence
Nickerson, A. B., & Nagle, R. J. (2005) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431604274174 · Cited by 484
Bai, Y., Maruskin, L. A., Chen, S., Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., McNeil, G. D., Peng, K., & Keltner, D. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000087 · Cited by 476
A biopsychosocial formulation of pain communication.
Hadjistavropoulos, T., Craig, K. D., Duck, S., Cano, A., Goubert, L., Jackson, P. L., Mogil, J. S., Rainville, P., Sullivan, M. J. L., Williams, A. C. D. C., et al. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0023876 · Cited by 466
Good news! Capitalizing on positive events in an interpersonal context
Gable, S. L., & Reis, H. T. (2010) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(10)42004-3 · Cited by 454
Self-citationPea, R., Nass, C., Meheula, L., Rance, M., Kumar, A., Bamford, H., Nass, M., Simha, A., Stillerman, B., Yang, S., et al. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027030 · Cited by 375
Lee, Y., & Kwon, O. (2011) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2010.11.005 · Cited by 343
Newheiser, A.-K., & Barreto, M. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.01.002 · Cited by 331
Couple communication, emotional and sexual intimacy, and relationship satisfaction
Yoo, H., Bartle-Haring, S., Day, R. D., & Gangamma, R. (2014) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2012.751072 · Cited by 323
To have and to hold: Gratitude promotes relationship maintenance in intimate bonds.
Gordon, A. M., Impett, E. A., Kogan, A., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028723 · Cited by 320
Romantic love and sexual desire in close relationships
Gonzaga, G. C., Turner, R. A., Keltner, D., Campos, B., & Altemus, M. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.163 · Cited by 292
Jiang, L. C., Bazarova, N. N., & Hancock, J. T. (2011) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01393.x · Cited by 265
Manne, S., Sherman, M., Ross, S., Ostroff, J., Heyman, R. E., & Fox, K. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.4.660 · Cited by 220
Through the looking glass darkly? When self-doubts turn into relationship insecurities
Murray, S. L., Holmes, J. G., MacDonald, G., & Ellsworth, P. C. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1459 · Cited by 276
Marshall, T. C. (2008) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407507086810 · Cited by 204
Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships
Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., Bush, A. L., & Cook, A. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.608 · Cited by 190
Social interaction in pain: reinforcing pain behaviors or building intimacy
Cano, A., & de C. Williams, A. C. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.10.010 · Cited by 190
Han, S., Min, J., & Lee, H. (2015) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.04.004 · Cited by 183
Common principles of couple therapy.
Benson, L. A., McGinn, M. M., & Christensen, A. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.12.009 · Cited by 149
Responsive behaviors in good times and in bad
MAISEL, N. C., GABLE, S. L., & STRACHMAN, A. (2008) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2008.00201.x · Cited by 133
A new perspective on the social functions of emotions: Gratitude and the witnessing effect.
Algoe, S. B., Dwyer, P. C., Younge, A., & Oveis, C. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspi0000202 · Cited by 120
Quality of life in women with lipoedema: a contextual behavioral approach
Dudek, J. E., Białaszek, W., & Ostaszewski, P. (2016) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-015-1080-x · Cited by 108
Interactive Uncertainty Reduction Strategies and Verbal Affection in Computer-Mediated Communication
Antheunis, M. L., Schouten, A. P., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2012) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650211410420 · Cited by 103
Mittmann, G., Woodcock, K., Dörfler, S., Krammer, I., Pollak, I., & Schrank, B. (2022) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316211020368 · Cited by 91
Couples' support provision during illness: the role of perceived emotional responsiveness
Fekete, E. M., Stephens, M. A. P., Mickelson, K. D., & Druley, J. A. (2007) · Families, Systems, & Health · doi:10.1037/1091-7527.25.2.204 · Cited by 87
Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022127 · Cited by 84
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.10.003 · Cited by 77
Perceived partner responsiveness promotes intellectual humility
Reis, H. T., Lee, K. Y., O'Keefe, S. D., & Clark, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.05.006 · Cited by 70
Self-citationCameron, J. J., Holmes, J. G., & Vorauer, J. D. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.009 · Cited by 71
The Power of Listening: Lending an Ear to the Partner during Dyadic Coping Conversations
Kuhn, R., Bradbury, T. N., Nussbeck, F. W., & Bodenmann, G. (2018) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000421 · Cited by 64
Hirschberger, G., Florian, V., & Mikulincer, M. (2003) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075030205006 · Cited by 64
Interactive effects of social support and disclosure on fertility-related stress
Martins, M. V., Peterson, B. D., Costa, P., Costa, M. E., Lund, R., & Schmidt, L. (2013) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407512456672 · Cited by 63
Schneider, K. G., Hempel, R. J., & Lynch, T. R. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0032847 · Cited by 63
Reducing microaggressions and promoting interracial connection: The racial harmony workshop
Williams, M. T., Kanter, J. W., Peña, A., Ching, T. H. W., & Oshin, L. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.04.008 · Cited by 53
You don’t know how it feels: Accuracy in emotion perception predicts responsiveness of support.
Gregory, A. J. P., Anderson, J. F., & Gable, S. L. (2020) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000608 · Cited by 24
Authenticity in relationships: Predicting caregiving and attachment in adult romantic relationships.
Gouveia, T., Schulz, M. S., & Costa, M. E. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000128 · Cited by 23
Hoffman, S. N., Thomas, M. L., Pearlstein, S. L., Kakaria, S., Oveis, C., Stein, M. B., & Taylor, C. T. (2021) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2021.04.003 · Cited by 11
Henriksen, A., Asadi, R., Kulyk, O., Gerdes, A., & Mayer, P. (2025) · 2025 European Symposium on Usable Security (EuroUSEC) · doi:10.1109/eurousec69254.2025.00011 · Cited by 8
Hypersexuality in mixed-sex couples: a dyadic longitudinal study
Bőthe, B., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., & Bergeron, S. (2021) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-01959-0 · Cited by 6
Self-disclosure is associated with adrenocortical attunement between new acquaintances
Thorson, K. R., Ketay, S., Roy, A. R. K., & Welker, K. M. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105323 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P.
- Venue
- Relationships, Well-Being and Behaviour
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2018-05-15
- Pages
- 113-143
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
