Cited by 4,027Statistical Methods and ApplicationsStatistical Methods and InferencePsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Factor Analysis and AIC

Akaike, Hirotugu·1987·Springer Series in Statistics

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-1694-0_29

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/978-1-4612-1694-0_29

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

A new look at the statistical model identification
Akaike, H. (1974) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/tac.1974.1100705 · Cited by 51,879
Self-citation
Information Theory and an Extension of the Maximum Likelihood Principle
Akaike, H. (1998) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1694-0_15 · Cited by 18,636
Self-citation
Modern factor analysis
Harman, H. H. (1960) · Cited by 5,148
Fitting autoregressive models for prediction
Akaike, H. (1969) · Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics · doi:10.1007/bf02532251 · Cited by 2,504
Self-citation
Fitting Autoregreesive Models for Prediction
Akaike, H. (1998) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1694-0_10 · Cited by 2,044
Self-citation
Statistical predictor identification
Akaike, H. (1970) · Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics · doi:10.1007/bf02506337 · Cited by 1,262
Self-citation
Statistical Predictor Identification
Akaike, H. (1998) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1694-0_11 · Cited by 1,219
Self-citation
Modern Factor Analysis.
Morrison, D. F., & Harman, H. H. (1961) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2282293 · Cited by 1,178
Structural Analysis of Covariance and Correlation Matrices
Jöreskog, K. G. (1978) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02293808 · Cited by 1,006
Some contributions to maximum likelihood factor analysis
Jöreskog, K. (1967) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289658 · Cited by 880

Show all 24 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Tsumura, Y., Fukutomi, K., & Asoo, Y. (1968). On the unique convergence of iterative procedures in factor analysis. TRU Mathematics, 4,52–59. (Science University of Tokyo).

Sorted by citations

Items 1,001–1,060 of 1,060

A Twin Study of the Genetics of High Cognitive Ability Selected from 11,000 Twin Pairs in Six Studies from Four Countries
Haworth, C. M. A., Wright, M. J., Martin, N. W., Martin, N. G., Boomsma, D. I., Bartels, M., Posthuma, D., Davis, O. S. P., Brant, A. M., Corley, R. P., et al. (2009) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-009-9262-3 · Cited by 65
“Two fit indices are reported: Dchi-squared (v(2)) and Akaike’s information criterion, (AIC; Akaike 1987).”
A Variable-Centered and Person-Centered Evaluation of Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance: Links to Emotional and Behavioral Concerns
Van Eck, K., Warren, P., & Flory, K. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0542-y · Cited by 63
Direction of influence between posttraumatic and depressive symptoms during prolonged exposure therapy among children and adolescents.
Aderka, I. M., Foa, E. B., Applebaum, E., Shafran, N., & Gilboa-Schechtman, E. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023318 · Cited by 64
“As these models were non-nested we compared them using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1987) and the deviance statistic.”
Method
Major depression and dimensional representations of DSM-IV personality disorders: a population-based twin study
Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Czajkowski, N., Røysamb, E., Ørstavik, R. E., Neale, M. C., Torgersen, S., & Kendler, K. S. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991954 · Cited by 61
Coping profiles and their association with psychological functioning: A latent profile analysis of coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kavčič, T., Avsec, A., & Zager Kocjan, G. (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111287 · Cited by 84
“The optimal model was selected based on the theoretical support and conceptual interpretability of the profiles, as well as on a review of several statistical indices, including the Akaike information criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1987), Bayesian information criterion (BIC; Schwarz, 1978), sample-adjusted BIC (SABIC; Sclove…”
A Developmental Twin Study of Church Attendance and Alcohol and Nicotine Consumption: A Model for Analyzing the Changing Impact of Genes and Environment
Kendler, K. S., & Myers, J. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09020182 · Cited by 62
Self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: Psychometric properties of the French version.
Heeren, A., Maurage, P., Rossignol, M., Vanhaelen, M., Peschard, V., Eeckhout, C., & Philippot, P. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0026249 · Cited by 61
The impact of childhood parental loss on risk for mood, anxiety and substance use disorders in a population-based sample of male twins
Otowa, T., York, T. P., Gardner, C. O., Kendler, K. S., & Hettema, J. M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.053 · Cited by 60
Citizenship and recovery: two intertwined concepts for civic-recovery
Pelletier, J.-F., Corbière, M., Lecomte, T., Briand, C., Corrigan, P., Davidson, L., & Rowe, M. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0420-2 · Cited by 60
Heritability of Word Recognition in Middle-Aged Men Varies as a Function of Parental Education
Kremen, W. S., Jacobson, K. C., Xian, H., Eisen, S. A., Waterman, B., Toomey, R., Neale, M. C., Tsuang, M. T., & Lyons, M. J. (2005) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-004-3876-2 · Cited by 76
Development and psychometric evaluation of a psychosocial quality-of-life questionnaire for individuals with autism and related developmental disorders
Markowitz, L. A., Reyes, C., Embacher, R. A., Speer, L. L., Roizen, N., & Frazier, T. W. (2016) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361315611382 · Cited by 58
Associations between childhood maltreatment latent classes and eating disorder symptoms in a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States
Hazzard, V. M., Bauer, K. W., Mukherjee, B., Miller, A. L., & Sonneville, K. R. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104171 · Cited by 59
Personality, cognitive/psychological traits and psychiatric resilience: a multivariate twin study
Amstadter, A. B., Moscati, A., Maes, H. H., Myers, J. M., & Kendler, K. S. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.041 · Cited by 58
Patterns of Stressful Life Events: Distinguishing Suicide Ideators from Suicide Attempters
McFeeters, D., Boyda, D., & O`Neill, S. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.034 · Cited by 53
The relationship between genetic and environmental influences on resilience and on common internalizing and externalizing psychiatric disorders
Amstadter, A. B., Maes, H. H., Sheerin, C. M., Myers, J. M., & Kendler, K. S. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1163-6 · Cited by 52
“, balance of explanatory power and parsimony; [19]).”
Background
The Effects of Polyvictimization on Mental and Physical Health Outcomes in an LGBTQ Sample
Kassing, F., Casanova, T., Griffin, J. A., Wood, E., & Stepleman, L. M. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22579 · Cited by 50
The Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in a Japanese Twin Sample: Heritability, Prenatal Hormone Transfer, and Association with Sexual Orientation
Hiraishi, K., Sasaki, S., Shikishima, C., & Ando, J. (2012) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9889-z · Cited by 51
The latent structure of cognitive and emotional empathy in individuals with autism, first-degree relatives and typical individuals
Grove, R., Baillie, A., Allison, C., Baron-Cohen, S., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2014) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/2040-2392-5-42 · Cited by 51
“The BIC, SSABIC and AIC are used to assess model fit, with lower values reflective of a more parsimonious model.”
MethodInfluential
Does the heterogeneity of chronic fatigue syndrome moderate the response to cognitive behaviour therapy? An exploratory study
Cella, M., Chalder, T., & White, P. D. (2011) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000327582 · Cited by 49
Motor impulsivity during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal biometric analysis of the go/no-go task in 9- to 18-year-old twins
Bezdjian, S., Tuvblad, C., Wang, P., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A. (2014) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038037 · Cited by 42
Psychometric properties of the anticipatory social behaviours questionnaire
Mills, A. C., Grant, D. M., Lechner, W. V., & Judah, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9339-4 · Cited by 40
Coping patterns among primary informal dementia caregivers in singapore and its impact on caregivers-implications of a latent class analysis
Yuan, Q., Wang, P., Tan, T. H., Devi, F., Poremski, D., Magadi, H., Goveas, R., Ng, L. L., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2021) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa080 · Cited by 35
Genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between aggression and hyperactivity-impulsivity as rated by teachers and parents
Vierikko, E., Pulkkinen, L., Kaprio, J., & Rose, R. J. (2004) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905204774200541 · Cited by 38
Genetic and Environmental Multidimensionality of Well- and Ill-Being in Middle Aged Twin Men
Franz, C. E., Panizzon, M. S., Eaves, L. J., Thompson, W., Lyons, M. J., Jacobson, K. C., Tsuang, M., Glatt, S. J., & Kremen, W. S. (2012) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-012-9538-x · Cited by 36
Well-being and ill-being: shared environments, shared genes?
Nes, R. B., Czajkowski, N., R⊘ysamb, E., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., & Tambs, K. (2008) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760802399323 · Cited by 36
Genetic architecture of learning and delayed recall: A twin study of episodic memory.
Panizzon, M. S., Lyons, M. J., Jacobson, K. C., Franz, C. E., Grant, M. D., Eisen, S. A., Xian, H., & Kremen, W. S. (2011) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0022569 · Cited by 34
EFL business writing behaviors in differing feedback environments
Warden, C. A. (2000) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/0023-8333.00141 · Cited by 34
Factor Structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: Fourth Edition in Children with ADHD
Thaler, N. S., Barchard, K. A., Parke, E., Jones, W. P., Etcoff, L. M., & Allen, D. N. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054712459952 · Cited by 29
Heritability of cardiac vagal control in 24-h heart rate variability recordings: influence of ceiling effects at low heart rates.
Neijts, M., Van Lien, R., Kupper, N., Boomsma, D., Willemsen, G., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2014) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12246 · Cited by 29
Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in a sample of German dementia patients and their caregivers
Deeken, F., Häusler, A., Nordheim, J., Rapp, M., Knoll, N., & Rieckmann, N. (2018) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610217001387 · Cited by 30
Validation of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) in Ireland: a multi-group analysis: Validation of READ with Adolescents in Ireland
Kelly, Y., Fitzgerald, A., & Dooley, B. (2017) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1506 · Cited by 28
Relative contribution of muscle strength, lean mass, and lower extremity motor function in explaining between-person variance in mobility in older adults
Wages, N. P., Simon, J. E., Clark, L. A., Amano, S., Russ, D. W., Manini, T. M., & Clark, B. C. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01656-y · Cited by 27
Do the same genetic and environmental effects underlie the covariation of alcohol dependence, smoking, and aggressive behaviour?
von der Pahlen, B., Santtila, P., Johansson, A., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Witting, K., & Kenneth Sandnabba, N. (2008) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.013 · Cited by 26
Genetic and environmental causes of variation in adolescent anxiety symptoms: A multiple-rater twin study
Ask, H., Torgersen, S., Seglem, K. B., & Waaktaar, T. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.04.003 · Cited by 23
The self-report version of the LSAS-CA: Psychometric properties of the French version in a non-clinical adolescent sample
Schmits, E., Heeren, A., & Quertemont, E. (2014) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.al · Cited by 25
“Finally, we also reported the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1987), the Browne-Cudeck Criterion (BCC; Browne & Cudeck, 1989), and the Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI; Browne & Cudeck, 1989).”
Method
Intergenerational associations in physical maltreatment: Examination of mediation by delinquency and substance use, and moderated mediation by anger
Capaldi, D. M., Tiberio, S. S., Pears, K. C., Kerr, D. C. R., & Owen, L. D. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418001529 · Cited by 22
A longitudinal, population-based twin study of avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits from early to middle adulthood
Gjerde, L. C., Czajkowski, N., Røysamb, E., Ystrom, E., Tambs, K., Aggen, S. H., Ørstavik, R. E., Kendler, K. S., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., & Knudsen, G. P. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001440 · Cited by 23
Trajectories of posttraumatic growth among adolescents over time since the Wenchuan earthquake
Zhou, X., Zhen, R., & Wu, X. (2019) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.009 · Cited by 22
Etiological pathways of depressive and anxiety symptoms linked to personality traits: A genetically-informative longitudinal study
Takahashi, Y., Yamagata, S., Ritchie, S. J., Barker, E. D., & Ando, J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.004 · Cited by 21
Self-assessed sleep quality partially mediates the relationship between PTSD symptoms and functioning and quality of life in U.S. veterans: results from the National health and resilience in veterans study
McCarthy, E., DeViva, J. C., Norman, S. B., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000436 · Cited by 21
Examining Individual Differences in Wellbeing, Anxiety and Depression in Psoriasis Using a Clinically Modified Buddhist Psychological Model
Maddock, A., Hevey, D., D’Alton, P., & Kirby, B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-019-09686-4 · Cited by 19
A latent profile analysis of the five facets of mindfulness in a U.S. adult sample: Spiritual and psychological differences among four profiles
De Souza Marcovski, F. C., & Miller, L. J. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02546-1 · Cited by 18
“In assessing model fit solutions, we specifically considered the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1987), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC; Schwarz, 1978), the bootstrapped likelihood ratio test (BLRT), and entropy as the main indices in our analysis.”
Method
Passive-aggressive (negativistic) personality disorder: A population-based twin study
Czajkowski, N., Kendler, K. S., Jacobson, K. C., Tambs, K., Røysamb, E., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2008) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.1.109 · Cited by 16
Extent and determinants of terminally ill cancer patients’ concordance between preferred and received life-sustaining treatment states: an advance care planning randomized trial in Taiwan
Wen, F.-H., Chen, J.-S., Chou, W.-C., Chang, W.-C., Hsieh, C.-H., & Tang, S. T. (2019) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.04.010 · Cited by 17
Implementation of a Practice Development Model to Reduce the Wait for Autism Spectrum Diagnosis in Adults
Rutherford, M., Forsyth, K., McKenzie, K., McClure, I., Murray, A., McCartney, D., Irvine, L., & O’Hare, A. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3501-5 · Cited by 15
“Here we judged ‘better fitting’ to be a model in which parsimony corrected fit indexes Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC; Akaike 1987) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC; Rafferty 1995) were smaller than the comparison model.”
Method
Memory Assessment and Depression: Testing for Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition across a Clinical and Matched Control Sample
Pauls, F., Petermann, F., & Lepach, A. C. (2013) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.820257 · Cited by 13
A population based family study of symptoms of anxiety and depression
Czajkowski, N., Røysamb, E., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., & Tambs, K. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.006 · Cited by 13
The relationship between depression and generalized anxiety during intensive psychological and pharmacological treatment
Aderka, I. M., Beard, C., Lee, J., Weiss, R. B., & Björgvinsson, T. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.054 · Cited by 12
Genetic and environmental influences on last-year major depression in adulthood: a highly heritable stable liability but strong environmental effects on 1-year prevalence
Kendler, K. S., & Gardner, C. O. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000277 · Cited by 12
Examining Potential Psychological Protective and Risk Factors for Stress and Burnout in Social Workers.
Maddock, A. (2025) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-024-00924-3 · Cited by 12
“The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1987) was used for the purposes of model comparison, with the smallest value being indicative of the most parsimonious model (Byrne, 2012).”
The prevalence, patterns and correlates of childhood trauma exposure in a nationally representative sample of young people in Northern Ireland
Redican, E., Murphy, J., McBride, O., Bunting, L., & Shevlin, M. (2022) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-022-00449-2 · Cited by 10
“To determine the optimal number of classes, numerous indices of model fit were inspected including: Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC; Sclove, 1987), sample size adjusted BIC (ssaBIC; Sclove, 1987) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1987).”
Method
The etiology of social aggression: a nuclear twin family study
Slawinski, B. L., Klump, K. L., & Burt, S. A. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000697 · Cited by 10
Using the attachment network Q-sort for profiling one’s attachment style with different attachment-figures
Kamperman, A. M., Kooiman, C. G., Lorenzini, N., Aleknaviciute, J., Allen, J. G., & Fonagy, P. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237576 · Cited by 9
Relationships between cognitive abilities and prosocial behavior are entirely explained by shared genetic influences: A Nigerian twin study
Hur, Y.-M. (2020) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101483 · Cited by 9
The causal nature of the association between resting pulse in late adolescence and risk for internalizing and externalizing disorders: a co-relative analysis in a national male Swedish sample
Kendler, K. S., Lönn, S. L., Sundquist, J., & Sundquist, K. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000549 · Cited by 9
Separation Anxiety Symptom Profiles and Parental Accommodation Across Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Phillips, K. E., Norris, L. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00949-7 · Cited by 8
Psychological Protective and Risk Factors for Depression, Anxiety and Mental Well-Being in Social Workers.
Maddock, A. (2024) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcae116 · Cited by 5
Untitled work
Young (2000) · doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20001009)96:5
Untitled work
Striegel-Moore (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(200001)27:1
Untitled work
Jonnal (2000) · doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20001204)96:6

Authors: Akaike, H.
Affiliations: The Institute of Statistical Mathematics (JP)
Corresponding author: Akaike, Hirotugu
Venue: Springer Series in Statistics
Publisher: Springer New York
Published: 1987
Pages: 371-386
ISSN: 0172-7397 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1694-0_29
OpenAlex: W2078977693
Cited by: 4,027
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 191 · 2020: 214 · 2019: 227 · 2018: 188 · 2017: 203 · 2016: 200 · 2015: 241 · 2014: 248 · 2013: 233 · 2012: 213
FWCI: 43.81
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Springer series in statistics (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: factor analysis, number of factors, Bayesian model selection, improper solutions, prior distributions, factor loadings, maximum likelihood estimation, autoregressive model order selection

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Factor Analysis and AIC

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks