Cited by 1,079DNA Repair MechanismsRedox biology and oxidative stressEffects of Radiation Exposure

ATM Activation by Oxidative Stress

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Guo, Zhi, Kozlov, Sergei, Lavin, Martin F., Person, Maria D., Paull, Tanya T.·2010·Science

Abstract

Stress, DNA Damage, and ATM: The protein kinase ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) is a key component of the signaling pathway through which cells are protected from DNA damage. ATM becomes activated within a protein complex at sites of double-stranded breaks in DNA. ATM is also activated in response to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such activation was thought to reflect DNA damage caused by ROS, but Guo et al. (p. 517 ) showed that ATM was in fact directly activated by ROS. A cysteine residue in ATM contributes to the formation of disulfide-linked dimers of activated ATM on exposure to ROS in vitro. Experiments using mutated forms of the enzyme suggested that two distinct mechanisms regulated ATM activity.

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  • ROS, via oxidation of thioredoxin, enhance the nuclear localization of ATM and Ref-1.

    “ROS, via oxidation of thioredoxin, enhance the nuclear localization of both the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase, which is involved in DNA damage repair31,32, and redox factor-1 (Ref-1), a multifunctional protein that enables Fos/Jun DNA-binding and is identical to the apurinic/apyrimidinic 1 (APE1) endonuclease33.”

    From ROS in cancer therapy: the bright side of the moon (2020) · cites this paper as [31]

    The FUNCTION IN CELLS section says ROS can activate ATM throughout the nucleus and links ATM to the DNA-damage response. The REDOX ENVIRONMENT IN CELLS section discusses thioredoxin, but neither passage says that its oxidation enhances ATM nuclear localization; the copy also does not establish the claimed effect on Ref-1. No page numbers were supplied for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • ROS can directly activate ATM without mediating DNA damage-related signalling.

    “and in addition to DNA damage, ROS can directly activate ATM without mediating DNA damage-related signalling [23].”
  • ATM can be directly activated by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation without DNA damage, as shown by ATM autophosphorylation at serine 1981, p53 phosphorylation at serine 15, and Chk2 phosphorylation at threonine 68, but not H2AX phosphorylation at serine 139.

    “Notably, ATM was directly activated by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation in the absence of DNA damage, evidenced by ATM auto-phosphorylation at Serine 1981, p53 phosphorylation at Serine 15, and Chk2 phosphorylation at Threonine 68, but not by H2AX phosphorylation at Serine139 [74–76].”

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Authors
Guo, Z., Kozlov, S., Lavin, M. F., Person, M. D., & Paull, T. T.
Affiliations
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author
Paull, Tanya T.
Venue
Science
Published
2010-10-22
Volume
330
Issue
6003
Pages
517-521
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W1970965314
Cited by
1,079
References
148
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 78 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 88
FWCI
33.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • U.S. Public Health Service (007784)
  • National Cancer Institute (CA132813, R01CA132813)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
Keywords
ATM kinase, oxidative stress, protein oxidation, disulfide bond formation, ATM activation, DNA damage response, MRN complex, DNA double-strand breaks, reactive oxygen species, cysteine residues, protein dimerization
MeSH terms
MRE11 Homologue Protein, Animals, Ataxia Telangiectasia, Cysteine, Disulfides, DNA Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Acid Anhydride Hydrolases, Oxidative Stress, Cell Cycle Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, DNA Repair Enzymes, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins

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