Effect of childhood physical abuse on cortisol stress response
Open accessAbstract
RationaleAbuse and neglect are highly prevalent in children and have enduring neurobiological effects. Stressful early life environments perturb the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn may predispose to psychiatric disorders in adulthood. However, studies of childhood maltreatment and adult HPA function have not yet rigorously investigated the differential effects of maltreatment subtypes, including physical abuse.ObjectiveIn this study, we sought to replicate our previous finding that childhood maltreatment was associated with attenuated cortisol responses to stress and determine whether the type of maltreatment was a determinant of the stress response.MethodsSalivary cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was examined in a non-clinical sample of women (n = 110). Subjects had no acute medical problems and were not seeking psychiatric treatment. Effects of five maltreatment types, as measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, on cortisol response to the TSST were investigated. To further examine the significant (p < 0.005) effect of one maltreatment type, women with childhood physical abuse (PA) (n = 20) were compared to those without past PA (n = 90).ResultsWomen reporting childhood PA displayed a significantly blunted cortisol response to the TSST compared with subjects without PA, after controlling for estrogen use, age, other forms of maltreatment, and other potential confounds. There were no differences between PA and control groups with regard to physiological arousal during the stress challenge.ConclusionsIn a non-clinical sample of women with minimal or no current psychopathology, physical abuse is associated with a blunted cortisol response to a psychosocial stress task.
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Several ELS/CT studies have reported HPA axis hypo-activity, such as lower circulating cortisol levels and blunted cortisol stress responses, in similar populations and study designs.
“On the other hand, several ELS/CT studies have reported HPA axis hypo-activity (e.g., lower circulating cortisol levels, blunted cortisol stress responses) in similar populations and study designs (80–84).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
Adverse childhood experiences affect HPA axis function.
“The effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE; e.g. physical, psychological, or environmental threats to stable and functional development) on drug dependence (Benjet et al., 2013; Enoch, 2011; Mersky et al., 2013) and HPA axis function are also salient (Carpenter et al., 2011; Heim et al., 2002; MacMillan et al., 2009).”
From Effects of adverse childhood experiences on the association between intranasal oxytocin and social stress reactivity among individuals with cocaine dependence (2015) · cites this paper as Carpenter et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Carpenter, L. L., Shattuck, T. T., Tyrka, A. R., Geracioti, T. D., & Price, L. H.
- Affiliations
- Butler Hospital (US)
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carpenter, Linda L.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2010-09-14
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 367-375
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC3580170
- OpenAlex
- W2066438189
- Semantic Scholar
- d770da411fd7ad46af2fceb187a95cfa1f497184
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 15.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Qatar National Research Fund
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH067947, R01MH068767)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- child physical abuse, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stress response, child abuse, Trier Social Stress Test, salivary cortisol, blunted cortisol response, women, psychosocial stress, estrogen use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Case-Control Studies, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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