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Cited by 461Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersStuttering Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia research and treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 305 of the 305 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment

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the ESSTS Guidelines Group, Roessner, Veit, Plessen, Kerstin J., Rothenberger, Aribert, Ludolph, Andrea G., Rizzo, Renata, Skov, Liselotte, Strand, Gerd, Stern, Jeremy S., Termine, Cristiano, Hoekstra, Pieter J.·2011·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DOI 10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7PMC PMC3065650
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Abstract

To develop a European guideline on pharmacologic treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) the available literature was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed by a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome (ESSTS). Although there are many more studies on pharmacotherapy of TS than on behavioral treatment options, only a limited number of studies meets rigorous quality criteria. Therefore, we have devised a two-stage approach. First, we present the highest level of evidence by reporting the findings of existing Cochrane reviews in this field. Subsequently, we provide the first comprehensive overview of all reports on pharmacological treatment options for TS through a MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE search for all studies that document the effect of pharmacological treatment of TS and other tic disorders between 1970 and November 2010. We present a summary of the current consensus on pharmacological treatment options for TS in Europe to guide the clinician in daily practice. This summary is, however, rather a status quo of a clinically helpful but merely low evidence guideline, mainly driven by expert experience and opinion, since rigorous experimental studies are scarce.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7

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305 of 305 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Fig. 1 Decision tree for the treatment of tic disorders including Tourette syndrome. Indications for treatment are given in “Tics cause subjective discomfort (e.g. pain or injury)”, “Tics cause sustained social problems for the patient (e.g. social isolation or bullying)”, “Tics cause social and emotional problems for the patient (e.g. reactive depressive symptoms)” and “Tics cause functional interference (e.g. impairment of academic achievements)”. Solid arrow next level of evaluation/treatment, dashed-dotted arrow monitoring after successful treatment, dashed arrow alternating between two treatment options. Note: patient preference (after psychoeducation) and availability of therapists have to be considered in the choice of treatment. DBS deep brain stimulation, THC Tetrahydrocannabinol
Fig. 1 Decision tree for the treatment of tic disorders including Tourette syndrome. Indications for treatment are given in “Tics cause subjective discomfort (e.g. pain or injury)”, “Tics cause sustained social problems for the patient (e.g. social isolation or bullying)”, “Tics cause social and emotional problems for the patient (e.g. reactive depressive symptoms)” and “Tics cause functional interference (e.g. impairment of academic achievements)”. Solid arrow next level of evaluation/treatment, dashed-dotted arrow monitoring after successful treatment, dashed arrow alternating between two treatment options. Note: patient preference (after psychoeducation) and availability of therapists have to be considered in the choice of treatment. DBS deep brain stimulation, THC TetrahydrocannabinolCC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Evaluation of treatment efficacy in TS in light of natural waxing and waning. At date 1 a therapeutic intervention could be followed by tic reduction despite of its potential to increase tics or without an effect on tics. This has to be ascribed not to causal mechanisms of the intervention but to the natural waxing and waning of the tics. Correspondingly, a therapeutic intervention at date 2 could be followed by an increase of TS symptomatology despite its potential to reduce tics. The therapeutic intervention might attenuate the natural waxing of the tics. Conclusion: Meaningful appraisal of treatment efficacy in TS can only be given in most cases after longer time
Fig. 2 Evaluation of treatment efficacy in TS in light of natural waxing and waning. At date 1 a therapeutic intervention could be followed by tic reduction despite of its potential to increase tics or without an effect on tics. This has to be ascribed not to causal mechanisms of the intervention but to the natural waxing and waning of the tics. Correspondingly, a therapeutic intervention at date 2 could be followed by an increase of TS symptomatology despite its potential to reduce tics. The therapeutic intervention might attenuate the natural waxing of the tics. Conclusion: Meaningful appraisal of treatment efficacy in TS can only be given in most cases after longer timeCC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Bastiampillai T, Dhillon R, Mohindra R (2008) Exacerbation of tics secondary to clozapine therapy. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 42:1068–1070
  2. Bruun RD, Budman CL (1996) Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette’s syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 57:29–31
  3. Miranda CM, Castiglioni TC (2007) Aripiprazole for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Experience in 10 patients. Rev Med Chil 135:773–776

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Authors
the ESSTS Guidelines Group, Roessner, V., Plessen, K. J., Rothenberger, A., Ludolph, A. G., Rizzo, R., Skov, L., Strand, G., Stern, J. S., Termine, C., & Hoekstra, P. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • Universität Ulm (DE)
  • University of Catania (IT)
  • Glostrup Hospital (DK)
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • St George's Hospital (GB)
  • University of Insubria (IT)
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
Corresponding author
Roessner, Veit
ORCID
Venue
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-03-29
Volume
20
Issue
4
Pages
173-196
ISSN
  • 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
  • 1435-165X
DOI
10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7
PMC
PMC3065650
OpenAlex
W2171208117
Cited by
461
References
305
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 29
FWCI
38.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
  • GRO (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
  • Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Lundbeckfonden
  • H. Lundbeck A/S
  • Cilag
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
Tourette syndrome, tic disorders, pharmacotherapy, evidence-based medicine, expert consensus
MeSH terms
Europe, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Tic Disorders, Antipsychotic Agents

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