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Developmental changes in dopamine neurotransmission in adolescence: Behavioral implications and issues in assessment
Open accessAbstract
Adolescence is characterized by increased risk-taking, novelty-seeking, and locomotor activity, all of which suggest a heightened appetitive drive. The neurotransmitter dopamine is typically associated with behavioral activation and heightened forms of appetitive behavior in mammalian species, and this pattern of activation has been described in terms of a neurobehavioral system that underlies incentive-motivated behavior. Adolescence may be a time of elevated activity within this system. This review provides a summary of changes within cortical and subcortical dopaminergic systems that may account for changes in cognition and affect that characterize adolescent behavior. Because there is a dearth of information regarding neurochemical changes in human adolescents, models for assessing links between neurochemical activity and behavior in human adolescents will be described using molecular genetic techniques. Furthermore, we will suggest how these techniques can be combined with other methods such as pharmacology to measure the impact of dopamine activity on behavior and how this relation changes through the lifespan.
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“An adolescent-limited increase in IM is a positive development that may confer evolutionary advantages and that serves ultimately--through the promotion of learning--to encourage a sense of agency as youth make the transition to adult independence (Spear, 2000; Wahlstrom et al., 2010).”
From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Wahlstrom et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Childhood and adolescence are sensitive periods in which these systems develop and change [26–29], making them particularly vulnerable to insult.”
From Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“The brain mechanisms of interest here show a distinctive pattern of development: subcortical regions involved in incentive motivation develop faster than the prefrontal regions that exert inhibition in the interests of long-term consequences (Gladwin et al., 2011;Wahlstrom et al., 2010).”
From A motivation model of sex addiction – Relevance to the controversy over the concept (2022) · cites this paper as Wahlstrom et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Marked developmental alterations are seen in the DA system through adolescence and into adulthood, as reviewed recently elsewhere (Ernst et al, 2009; Galvan, 2010; Wahlstrom et al, 2010).”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Wahlstrom et al, 2010
In the citing paper
“Marked developmental alterations are seen in the DA system through adolescence and into adulthood, as reviewed recently elsewhere (Ernst et al, 2009; Galvan, 2010; Wahlstrom et al, 2010).”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Wahlstrom et al, 2010
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“Importantly, biologically determined trait-based individual differences very likely interact with these age-based trends to determine developmental outcomes (Wahlstrom et al. 2010).”
From Incentive Motivation, Cognitive Control, and the Adolescent Brain: Is It Time for a Paradigm Shift? (2012) · cites this paper as Wahlstrom et al. 2010
In the citing paper
“Dopamine receptor expression also peaks around the age of puberty, though only for specific receptor subtypes in specific neuronal populations (reviewed in (Wahlstrom et al., 2010)).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Wahlstrom et al., 2010
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“As noted earlier, several measures of frontal DA signaling decrease from adolescence to adulthood (see (Wahlstrom et al. 2010) for recent review).”
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A Combination of Dopamine Genes Predicts Success by Professional Wall Street Traders
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“Levels of synaptic dopamine have an inverted-U relationship with several cognitive abilities as shown by both animal and human data [21].”
BackgroundPredictors of recurrent sprains after an index lateral ankle sprain: a longitudinal study
Pourkazemi, F., Hiller, C. E., Raymond, J., Black, D. A., Nightingale, E. J., & Refshauge, K. M. (2017) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2017.10.004 · Cited by 54
On the normative advantages of dopamine and striatal opponency for learning and choice
Jaskir, A., & Frank, M. J. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85107 · Cited by 56
Zhou, M., Rebholz, H., Brocia, C., Warner‐Schmidt, J. L., Fienberg, A. A., Nairn, A. C., Greengard, P., & Flajolet, M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0915173107 · Cited by 51
Sakurai, T., & Gamo, N. J. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.007 · Cited by 54
A longitudinal analysis of adolescent decision-making with the Iowa Gambling Task.
Almy, B., Kuskowski, M. A., Malone, S. M., Myers, E. J., & Luciana, M. M. (2017) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000460 · Cited by 55
Self-citationWu, M., Minkowicz, S., Dumrongprechachan, V., Hamilton, P., Xiao, L., & Kozorovitskiy, Y. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.64041 · Cited by 54
“One interesting possibility is that projections and activity profiles of DA neuron subgroups could be related to earlylife and adolescent experience (O’Donnell, 2010; Peña et al., 2019; Peña et al., 2017; Wahlstrom et al., 2010), resulting in variability of the overall low- dimensional activity pattern of the VTA DA p…”
van den Bos, R., Davies, W., Dellu-Hagedorn, F., Goudriaan, A. E., Granon, S., Homberg, J. R., Rivalan, M., Swendsen, J. D., & Adriani, W. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.005 · Cited by 57
Puberty Predicts Approach But Not Avoidance on the Iowa Gambling Task in a Multinational Sample
Icenogle, G., Steinberg, L. D., Olino, T. M., Shulman, E. P., Chein, J. M., Alampay, L. P., Al‐Hassan, S. M., Takash, H. M. S., Bacchini, D., Chang, L., et al. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12655 · Cited by 50
Adolescent social defeat alters markers of adult dopaminergic function
Novick, A. M., Forster, G. L., Tejani‐Butt, S. M., & Watt, M. J. (2011) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.009 · Cited by 49
“Adolescence marks a period of critical change in which the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system undergoes substantial reorganization, enabling emotional and cognitive development that aids in the transition to adulthood [61, 70].”
BackgroundHämmerer, D., Müller, V., & Li, S. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.008 · Cited by 50
“With regard to neuromodulators, a protracted development in the cortical dopamine system is observed, which reaches adult levels only in late adolescence (Diamond et al., 2004; Wahlstrom et al., 2010; see Li, 2013 for review).”
Kameda, S. R., Fukushiro, D. F., Trombin, T. F., Procópio‐Souza, R., Patti, C. L., Hollais, A. W., Calzavara, M. B., Abílio, V. C., Ribeiro, R. A., Tufik, S., et al. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.01.013 · Cited by 44
Karkhanis, A. N., Leach, A. C., Yorgason, J. T., Uneri, A., Barth, S. H., Niere, F., Alexander, N. J., Weiner, J. L., McCool, B. A., Raab‐Graham, K. F., et al. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00360 · Cited by 48
A Positive Affective Neuroendocrinology Approach to Reward and Behavioral Dysregulation
Welker, K. M., Gruber, J., & Mehta, P. H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00093 · Cited by 47
Juvenile stress affects anxiety-like behavior and limbic monoamines in adult rats
Luo, X.-M., Yuan, S., Guan, X., Xie, X., Shao, F., & Wang, W. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.035 · Cited by 44
Overman, W., & Pierce, A. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00935 · Cited by 54
“Males as young as 7–15 years of age years perform significantly higher than females on a child-friendly variant of the IGT, the hungry donkey task (Crone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodSuryanarayana, S. M., Kotaleski, J. H., Grillner, S. E., & GURNEY, K. N. (2018) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2018.10.003 · Cited by 39
Meyer, B. M., Huemer, J., Rabl, U., Boubela, R. N., Kalcher, K., Berger, A., Banaschewski, T., Barker, G. J., Bokde, A. L. W., Büchel, C., et al. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0895-5 · Cited by 41
“…adolescence such as increases of basal dopamine (DA) levels and changes of DA turnover resulting in a peak of prefrontal dopaminergic neurotransmission in early adolescence that declines thereafter (Andersen et al. 1997; Rosenberg and Lewis 1994, 1995; Teicher et al. 1993; Wahlstrom et al. 2010).”
BackgroundVan Beveren, M.-L., Mezulis, A., Wante, L., & Braet, C. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1233499 · Cited by 38
Adolescent brain maturation and the neuropathological effects of binge drinking: A critical review
Tetteh-Quarshie, S., & Risher, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1040049 · Cited by 51
Binge drinking and illicit drug use among adolescent students
Raposo, J. C. D. S., Costa, A. C. D. Q., Valença, P. A. D. M., Zarzar, P. M., Diniz, A. D. S., Colares, V., & da Franca›, C. (2017) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051006863 · Cited by 38
Fowler, J. A., Gullo, M. J., & Elphinston, R. A. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109965 · Cited by 41
Role of Dopamine 2 Receptor in Impaired Drug-Cue Extinction in Adolescent Rats
Zbukvic, I., Ganella, D. E., Perry, C. J., Madsen, H. B., Bye, C. R., Lawrence, A. J., & Kim, J. H. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw051 · Cited by 38
“Adolescence constitutes a period of dramatic maturation of the mPFC, including alterations in dopamine receptor density (Andersen et al. 2000), fiber infiltration (Kalsbeek et al. 1988), and dopamine availability (Wahlstrom et al. 2010).”
BackgroundRocha, A., Hart, N., & Trujillo, K. A. (2017) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2017.04.007 · Cited by 37
“…parameters related to NMDA receptor/dopamine interactions in the forebrain are immature in early adolescence, and the adult pattern does not emerge until late adolescence (Flores-Barrera et al., 2014; O'Donnell, 2011; Tseng and O'Donnell, 2005; Tseng et al., 2007; Wahlstrom et al., 2010).”
Murty, V. P., Shah, H., Montez, D. F., Foran, W., Calabro, F. J., & Luna, B. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3508-17.2018 · Cited by 36
“Prior animal work has shown that dopamine receptor availability as well as baseline firing rate of dopamine neurons are enhanced in adolescent rodents (Wahlstrom et al., 2010a,b), both of which are putative neurobiological mechanisms of enhanced motivation (Lisman and Grace, 2005; Luo et al., 2011).”
BackgroundAzadi, M., Azizi, H., & Haghparast, A. (2019) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.004 · Cited by 36
Kim, J. H., Perry, C. J., Ganella, D. E., & Madsen, H. B. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.10.018 · Cited by 34
Adolescent morphine exposure induces immediate and long-term increases in impulsive behavior
Moazen, P., Azizi, H., Salmanzadeh, H., & Semnanian, S. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5051-0 · Cited by 34
Bauer, J. A., White, R. F., Coull, B. A., Austin, C. E., Oppini, M., Zoni, S., Fedrighi, C., Cagna, G., Placidi, D., Guazzetti, S., et al. (2021) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.014 · Cited by 35
Perica, M. I., & Luna, B. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105378 · Cited by 35
Tielbeek, J. J., Al-Itejawi, Z., Zijlmans, J., Polderman, T. J. C., Buckholtz, J. W., & Popma, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.009 · Cited by 36
Adolescence is the starting point of sex-dichotomous COMT genetic effects
Sannino, S., Padula, M. C., Managò, F., Schaer, M., Schneider, M., Armando, M., Scariati, E., Béna, F., Mereu, M., Pontillo, M., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.109 · Cited by 35
Traumatic Brain Injury and Juvenile Offending
Williams, W. H., McAuliffe, K., Cohen, M. H., Parsonage, M., & Ramsbotham, J. (2015) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000134 · Cited by 34
A neuroscience perspective on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood
Victor, E. C., & Hariri, A. R. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415001042 · Cited by 37
“…rewards, coding reward prediction in response to cues that signal reward delivery and providing cues to reward prediction fails (see in depth reviews of DA function and development and implications for adolescent behavior: Luciana et al., 2012; O’Donnell, 2010; Spear, 2000; Wahlstrom et al., 2010).”
BackgroundModulation of Reward-Related Neural Activation on Sensation Seeking across Development
Hawes, S., Chahal, R., Hallquist, M., Paulsen, D. J., Geier, C., & Luna, B. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.020 · Cited by 29
“Participants were assessed for IQ using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI; Wechsler, 1999), and demonstrated scores in the normal range (M=110.99, SD=11.64).”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Wahlstrom, D., Collins, P., White, T., & Luciana, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Luciana, Monica
- Venue
- Brain and Cognition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 146-159
- ISSN
- 0278-2626 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2815132
- OpenAlex
- W2168203121
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH017069)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA017843, R01DA017843)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000400, M01-RR00400)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- dopamine signaling, adolescence, appetitive behavior, risk-taking, novelty seeking, dopaminergic system, molecular genetics, pharmacological evaluation, lifespan development, cognitive and emotional development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Animals, Behavior, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Neural Pathways, Synaptic Transmission, Adolescent Development
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