Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathways Across Adolescence: Diversity in Development
Open accessAbstract
Mesocorticolimbic dopamine circuity undergoes a protracted maturation during adolescent life. Stable adult levels of behavioral functioning in reward, motivational, and cognitive domains are established as these pathways are refined, however, their extended developmental window also leaves them vulnerable to perturbation by environmental factors. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying dopamine pathway development in the adolescent brain, and how the environment influences these processes to establish or disrupt neurocircuit diversity. We further integrate these recent studies into the larger historical framework of anatomical and neurochemical changes occurring during adolescence in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. While dopamine neuron heterogeneity is increasingly appreciated at molecular, physiological, and anatomical levels, we suggest that a developmental facet may play a key role in establishing vulnerability or resilience to environmental stimuli and experience in distinct dopamine circuits, shifting the balance between healthy brain development and susceptibility to psychiatric disease.
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The adolescent period in rodents can be subdivided into early (~PND 21-34), middle (~PND 35-45), and late (~PND 45-60) periods.
“The adolescent period can be further sub-divided into early (~PND 21–34), middle (~PND 35–45), and late (~PND 45–60) periods [39, 46]”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
The Introduction identifies rodent adolescence as extending approximately from PND 21 to PND 60. It does not give the claimed early, middle, and late subdivisions or their PND 34 and 45 boundaries. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn rodents, adolescence is increasingly defined as the period from weaning (~PND 21) to neurobiological maturity around two months of age (~PND 60).
“adolescence in rodents is increasingly defined more in line with this larger age window in humans, by counting the period from weaning (~PND 21) where mice and rats gain begin to interact independently with their environments for the first time”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
Adolescence is evolutionarily conserved, with animal species also showing distinct markers of an adolescent state.
“it is increasingly recognized to be evolutionarily conserved, with animal species also showing distinct markers of an adolescent state [35–40].”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
The dopamine system undergoes a period of profound and dynamic development in adolescence.
“As the dopamine system undergoes a period of profound and dynamic development in adolescence [39]”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
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The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5CPreprint
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Self-citationReviewer #1 (Public Review): The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C
Daniel, H., Kyne Robert, F., Samer, S., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88261.1.sa2
Reviewer #3 (Public Review): The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C
Daniel, H., Kyne Robert, F., Samer, S., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88261.1.sa0
Reviewer #2 (Public Review): The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C
Daniel, H., Kyne Robert, F., Samer, S., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88261.1.sa1
eLife Assessment: The scheduling of adolescence with Netrin-1 and UNC5C
Ding, J. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88261.1.sa3
İpek, E. D. (2023) · doi:10.59287/sbocc.282
- Authors
- Reynolds, L. M., & Flores, C.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reynolds, Lauren M.
- Flores, Cecilia
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neural Circuits
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-09-08
- Volume
- 15
- Pages
- 735625-735625
- ISSN
- 1662-5110 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8456011
- OpenAlex
- W3198497866
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 259
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neural Circuits (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, adolescent brain development, environmental influences on brain development, reward processing, motivation, cognitive function, psychiatric vulnerability, resilience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Reward, Dopaminergic Neurons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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